Measurement While Drilling

Overview

Schlumberger Private
 MWD Functions
 Real-time surveying

 Wellbore positioning

 Directional Drilling

 Real-time formation measurement

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transmission
 Correlation

 Geology

 Petrophysics

 Geosteering

 Real-time drilling mechanics data

2 Initials  Help Drilling process

 Schlumberger MWD Systems
Hole
sizes
SlimPulse From 4 ¾” to 30”

Schlumberger Private
Impulse From 5 ½” to 7 ¼”

PowerPulse From 7 ¾” to 30”

3 Initials
 Schlumberger MWD Systems
(Services)
Transmission
MWD Systems Rate Combinability Remarks
(Bit per second)

Schlumberger Private
ARC (gamma/resistivity) Retrievable
SLIMPulse 0.5
AIM (inclination)-PWD Battery powered
Combine both MWD and
IMPulse 0.5 - 3 ADN4 (Neutron/density) ARC

Turbine powered

PowerPulse 0.5 -16 All LWD tools Turbine powered

4 Initials
 MWD Surveying – Is it important?
(1)

Schlumberger Private
While Drilling......... We want to
1- Control the position of wellbore versus Geological model
2- React when unexpected events are encountered
3- Anticipate unexpected structural events
5 Initials
 WELL
Well 13/5-6 - A-4 H
Magnetic Parameters
MWD Surveying – Is it important?
FIELD
15/5 and 15/6 Area
Surface Location
STRUCTURE

Miscellaneous
Glitne

(2)
Model: BGGM 2000 Lat: N58 42 44.251 Lon: E1 40 5.641 Slot: Slot A-4 H Plan# : A4H rev9 160101
Dip: 71.719° Mag Dec: -3.592° North: 6508932.00 m East: 422849.00 m Elev Ref: Platform Elevation(25.00m above MSL)
Date: December 22, 2000 FS: 50166.9 nT Grid Conv: -1.1381° Scale Fact:0.9997 Date Drawn: 06:16:00PM 30-Jan-2001

-1200 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

400 A-2 AH Survey SPIDER VIEW

1600
400
A-3 H Plan
A-1 H Survey Scale (1 cm = 100 m) 1500

1400
NORTH >>>

1300

12
200 00
200
2100

77
21
2000

Schlumberger Private
1900

0 0

1600
1700
1800
1600

1500

1400

1300

1200
1700
1800

Default Color
Main
19
00

Proposal
Survey
-200 20
00
A-2 H Pilot Survey -200
2325

2300

2100 2200
00

-400 -400
21

00 1300
21
<<< SOUTH

00

00
20

20 1400
000
19

15
00
1800

16
00
1700

-600 A4H Plan -600

-1200 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
<<< WEST EAST >>>

X &Y uncertainties Z uncertainty

6 Initials
 MWD Surveying – D&I Package

Schlumberger Private
3 magnetometers 3 accelerometers

7 Initials
 MWD Surveying – Affected by?

Magnetic data affected by any magnetic interferences

•Bottom Hole assembly
•Nearby casing

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•Magnetic storms

Inclinometer data affected by:

•Accuracy limit
•Surveying procedures

8 Initials
 The telemetry – Data transmission
(1)
The mud pulse system

• by the Drilling MUD

Schlumberger Private
– MUD PULSE (positive or
negative)
– MUD SIREN

9 Initials
 The telemetry – Data transmission
Mud
(2)
Pressure

Positive Pulse: 1 BPS

Time

Schlumberger Private
Mud

Pressure
POWERPULSE
Continuous wave:
0.5 to 16 Bits Per Second
Time

Mud

Pressure

Negative Pulse: 2
BPS

10 Initials
Time
 The telemetry – Data transmission
(3)

Schlumberger Private
11 Initials
 The telemetry – Data transmission
(4) MWD+CDR+CDN
Frame # 24
Bits
Sync/ID/Err 27
CODING PROTOCOLE: gtf 8
PHSF_x 10
RHOS_x 10
RHOL_x 10
Typical data is 6 to12 bits per “word” TNRA_x 10
PERA_x 9

Length of one “word” depends on the number

ATTN_x 10
gtf 8
GRT_x 8

Schlumberger Private
tur_rpm 7
and the complexity of the data to transmit PHSF_x 10
RHOS_x 10

Usual transmission priority is MWD then LWD RHOL_x

TNRA_x
10
10
gtf 8
data PERA_x 9
CDRSK_x 2
shock_I 8
Frame # 24 : ATTN_x
GRT_x
10
8
PHSF_x 10
3 bits per second RHOS_x 10
gtf 8
Programmed before the job RHOL_x 10
TNRA_x 10

Depends on transmission mode ATTN_x

3 bps UPDATE
10
Secs
gtf 22
Adjusted to expected ROP for optimum RT PHSF_x
RHOS_x
29
29
sampling rate RHOL_x 29
TNRA_x 29
PERA_x 29
May be changed while drilling (depending on ATTN_x 44
GRT_x 44
12 Initials
contractors) shock_I 87
tur_rpm 87
CDRSK_x 87
 MWD – Surface acquisition

A signal Pressure transducer senses pressure differences

•Sensed pressures are decoded with
the Acquisition System

Schlumberger Private
•MWD Engineers QC
transmission and data
•Data is displayed on screen,
And on paper Logs in the unit
•And
potentially
In Cutomer’s
office

13 Initials
 Signal Demodulation Principles
 Type of signals
– Downhole (MWD-Motor..)
– Uphole (Pumps-Rig..)

Schlumberger Private
– Echoes & Reflections
– Electrical Noise

 Characteristics
– Frequencies
– Attenuation
– Direction
SNR = Signal Power/Bit
Noise Power
14 Initials
 SLIMPusle Retrievable MWD Tool (1)

Schlumberger Private
Adaptable in different collar sizes from 3 ½” to 9 ½”

Covers flow ranges between 35 and 1200 GPM

Transmission rate of 0.5 BPS

Current MWD tool in use in Noyabrsk

15 Initials
 SLIMPusle Retrievable MWD Tool (2)
Measures:
Direction and Inclination
Toolface

Schlumberger Private
Shock
Optional gamma ray

Can be combined with:

AIM (at Bit Inclination) and APWD
(Annuallar pressure) or
ARC 375, 475, 675 (multidepth resistivity a
Gamma ray
16 Initials
 IMPusle Tool (1)

Schlumberger Private
Tool size of 4 ¾” to be run in holes between 5 ½” to
7 ¼”
Combine both MWD and ARC Services
Transmission rate between 0.5 and 3 BPS
Flow ranges between 130 to 400 GPM
Used in conjunction with PowerDrive475 RSS
17 Initials
 IMPusle Tool (2)

Schlumberger Private
Measures: Can be combined with:
Direction and Inclination AIM4 (at Bit Inclination)
Toolface VPWD (Annuallar pressure)
Shock Vision ADN4 (azimuthal density/Neutron)
Up to 10 Resistivities
Gamma ray
18 Initials
 PowerPulse – MWD (1)
Measures:
Direction and Inclination  MWD for 73/4 in. and larger hole sizes

Toolface MWD Collar sizes between 6 ¾” and 9 ½

Schlumberger Private
Multiple Shocks Fast data update at 0.5 to 16.0 bps

Gamma ray Flow ranges between 275 and 1200 GPM

Downhole weight on Bit
Downhole Torque Drilling Mechanics
Collar RPM
Turbine RPM
Temperature
19 Initials
 PowerPulse – MWD (2)
Tool Name Measurements type Tool size Remarks
ARC Gamma ray 6 ¾”, 8 ¼”, 9 2 MHz and 400 KHz
½” propagation resistivity.
Multidepth resistivity

GVR (RAB) Azimuthal gamma 6 ¾”, 8” Laterolog tool

PowerPulse ray

Schlumberger Private
can be combined Bit resistivity
Highly focused
With all LWD Tools azimuthal resistivities
VADN (Vision Density, Neutron, 4 ¾”, 6 ¾”, 8” Azimuthal capability
Density Pef, ultrasonic caliper
Neutron)
ISONIC Delta-t 6 ¾”, 8” Monopole SONIC
tools
SMWD Check shots 5 ¾”, 8”
(seismic MWD)
NMR (Nuclear Free water 6 ¾”
Magnetic
Resonnance)

20 Initials