TKS 32454 Perancangan Produk Kimia

(Chemical Product Design)

Lecture 4 – Design of Chemical Devices, Functional Products,

and Formulated Products
Semester Genap 2018/2019 (Kelas C)
Prodi Sarjana Teknik Kimia Universitas Riau
OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, students should:
1. Be cognizant of the characteristics of devices, functional
products, and formulated products.
2. Be familiar with the procedures, methods, and tools for the
conceptual design of these products.
3. Be able to design chemical devices and functional products
with specified product performance by modeling the
dominant physicochemical phenomena and by accounting
for the material properties and the product structure,
form, shape, or configuration.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, students should:
4. Be able to design formulated products with specified
product attributes by experimental iteration guided by
heuristics, correlations, and computer-aided design tools.
INTRODUCTION
• Classes of products: chemical devices, functional products,
and formulated products.
• Chemical devices are those chemical products that perform a
particular purpose, especially those with mechanical and
electrical parts.
• Functional products are those chemical products made up of
materials that perform a desired function.
• Formulated products are obtained by mixing selected
components together to get the desired product attributes
Chemical Device
• Feed stream to a chemical device is transformed into an
outlet stream with characteristics specified in the product
attributes by performing reactions, fluid flow,
heating/cooling, and/or separations.
• Example: an indoor air purifier; a home-use reverse osmosis
(RO) module; a water filter, a wine aerator, a hemodialysis
device; and a mosquito repellent dispenser.
Chemical Device
Chemical Device
Chemical Device
Chemical Device
Chemical Device
Functional Products
• Products do not have feed and outlet streams and do not
involve mechanical and electrical parts.
• The performance of functional products depends on the
material properties and the structure, form, shape, or
configuration of the product.
• Functional products serve as barriers (food packaging),
conductors (die attach adhesive), delivery vehicles
(controlled-release granule), absorbers (silica gel).
Functional Products
Functional Products
Formulated Products
• The manufacture and use of formulated products generally
do not involve reaction or separation.
• The formulated product is produced by mixing, but the
constituent components of a formulated product.
• A formulated product can be further developed to be a
device or functional product.
Formulated Products
• A sunscreen lotion may consist of zinc oxide particles and
other ingredients such as emollients
• An inkjet ink is a mixture of key ingredients, such as
pigments or metal nanoparticles, and supporting
ingredients, such as dispersants and solvents.
• A liquid shampoo is a mixture of surfactants, fragrances, and
colorants.
• A detergent powder is carefully formulated with surfactants,
bleach, enzymes, corrosion inhibitors, fluorescent whitening
agents, fabric softeners, and other solid components.
Formulated Products
Formulated Products
Formulated Products
Formulated Products
Product Specifications
• For a chemical device, the product characteristics in product
specifications should include the type and amount of the key
ingredients and the structure.
• The product specifications required for functional products
are the same as those for a device except for the absence of
mechanical and electrical parts, and feed/outlet streams.
• For formulated products, the product characteristics in
product specifications include the composition of the
mixture and the microstructure.
DESIGN OF CHEMICAL DEVICES AND
FUNCTIONAL PRODUCTS
• For chemical devices or functional products, the type and
amount of the key ingredients, and the structure with which
these ingredients are configured are identified.
• Key ingredients refer to those components that are essential
for achieving the desired outcome.
• For devices, product performance is often quantified by the
component concentrations and flow rates of the feed and
outlet streams.
• For functional products, performance is measured by the
degree to which the product achieves its designed function.
DESIGN OF CHEMICAL DEVICES AND
FUNCTIONAL PRODUCTS
The design procedure discussed here can be followed for both
devices and functional products:
1. Specify the product performance.
2. Identify the key ingredients as well as the configurations
that can accomplish the targeted changes to the feed
stream or deliver the desired function. Keep in mind that
more than one set of key ingredients and/or configuration
may provide the product performance, leading to different
product alternatives.
DESIGN OF CHEMICAL DEVICES AND
FUNCTIONAL PRODUCTS
The design procedure discussed here can be followed for both
devices and functional products:
3. Identify the physicochemical phenomena ranging from
reactions to separations involved in the product.
4. Use models, experiments, and available data/knowledge to
identify the product specifications for meeting the desired
product performance and compare product alternatives.
The Use of Models in Design of Devices
and Functional Products
• Models can be used for product analysis and conceptual
product design.
• In product analysis, the type and amount of the ingredients
and the way in which the ingredients are configured are
fixed. The results of modeling are the output information for
given input information.
• In product synthesis, or conceptual product design, the input
and output information are fixed.