Moving from COP to Total Efficiency Ratio

From heat reclaim options

to dedicated units for 4-pipe systems

Jagdeep Singh
There is only one way to reach security, sustainability and
development:
energy saving through a conscious use of resources

Prof. Nebojsa Nakicenovic

General Director of IIASA, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Professor of Energy Economics at the Vienna University of Technology
Director of the GEA, Global Energy Assessment
Market requirements

Modern buildings more and more face simultaneous needs of cooling and heating.

Hospitals

Hotels

Industrial plants
Market requirements

Modern buildings more and more face simultaneous needs of cooling and heating.

Office buildings

Hotels

Industrial plants
Solutions for hydraulic plant

HYDRAULIC PLANT DESIGN

Depending on the building load

profile, several solutions can be
adopted.

Traditional solution:
two separate systems for cooling
and heating requirements
Solutions for hydraulic plant

HYDRAULIC PLANT DESIGN

Depending on the building load

profile, several solutions can be
adopted.

Traditional solution:
two separate systems for cooling
and heating requirements

Smart solution:
a single system capable to
intelligently use the Carnot heat
flows
Solutions for hydraulic plant

HYDRAULIC PLANT DESIGN

Depending on the building load

profile, several solutions can be
adopted.

Traditional solution:
two separate systems for cooling
and heating requirements

Smart solution:
a single system capable to
intelligently use the Carnot heat
flows
Solutions for hydraulic plant

HYDRAULIC PLANT DESIGN

Depending on the building load

profile, several solutions can be
adopted.

Traditional solution:
two separate systems for cooling
and heating requirements

Smart solution:
a single system capable to
intelligently use the Carnot heat
flows
Solutions for hydraulic plant

HYDRAULIC PLANT DESIGN

Depending on the building load

profile, several solutions can be
adopted.

Traditional solution:
two separate systems for cooling
and heating requirements

Smart solution:
a single system capable to
intelligently use the Carnot heat
flows
Free heating solutions

CARNOT MACHINE PRESSION-ENTHAPLY

DIAGRAM
system at temperature T1

HEAT
PUMP

system at temperature T0

BE ABLE TO CONTROL THESE HEAT FLOWS IS THE BASE FOR HIGH ENERGY SAVING
Free heating solutions

CARNOT MACHINE PRESSION-ENTHAPLY

Every time DIAGRAM
OTHER SOURCE
AIR/SOURCE
Pcooling ≥ Pheating
special units able to recover the
condensation heat can be used.

HEAT
CHILLER
PUMP

HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
12/7°C

BE ABLE TO CONTROL THESE HEAT FLOWS IS THE BASE FOR HIGH ENERGY SAVING
Free heating solutions

CARNOT MACHINE PRESSION-ENTHAPLY

Every time DIAGRAM
OTHER SOURCE
AIR/SOURCE
Pcooling ≥ Pheating REFRIGERANT
SUPERHEAT
special units able to recover the AUXILIARY
CIRCUIT
condensation heat can be used.

PARTIAL HEAT RECOVERY OPT CHILLER

heat exchanger before the
condenser in the refrigerant line

10% to 40% of cooling capacity can
be recovered at high T

HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
12/7°C

BE ABLE TO CONTROL THESE HEAT FLOWS IS THE BASE FOR HIGH ENERGY SAVING
Free heating solutions

CARNOT MACHINE PRESSION-ENTHAPLY

Every time DIAGRAM
OTHER SOURCE
AUXILIARY
AIR/SOURCE
CIRCUIT
! Pcooling ≥ Pheating REFRIGERANT
CONDENSING HEAT
special units able to recover the
condensation heat can be used.

TOTAL HEAT RECLAIM OPT CHILLER

heat exchanger in parallel with the
condenser in the refrigerant line

100% of cooling capacity can be
reclaimed

HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
12/7°C

BE ABLE TO CONTROL THESE HEAT FLOWS IS THE BASE FOR HIGH ENERGY SAVING
Free heating solutions

Every time

! Pcooling ≥ Pheating
special units able to recover the
condensation heat can be used.

In all these situations both

“partial” and “total” heat reclaim
can not autonomously satisfy the
building requirements.

An extra heat source has to be installed (boiler) or…

… ANOTHER KIND OF UNIT HAS TO BE CHOSEN!
Free heating solutions

HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
40/45°C T1> T0
system at temperature

UNIT
FOR 4-
UNIT
PIPE
SYSTEM

system
HYDRAULIC
at temperature
CIRCUIT
T0
12/7°C
Units for 4-pipes systems

Operating principle
Hot primary
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT circuit
40/45°C

UNIT
FOR 4-
PIPE
SYSTEM

HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
12/7°C Cold primary
circuit
 Working Principle
climaveneta.exe
TOTAL Efficiency Ratio
Case study. Energetic & economic comparison

The alternatives compared

A1. Dedicated unit for 4-pipes A2. Chiller + condensing boiler
systems.

Chiller +
boiler

Unit for 4-
pipes system

Energy costs have been derived from the Italian Relazione Annuale per l’Energia 2007
 Case in point
• Large Hospital In Delhi
– Tonnage – 4000 TR, Heating 600000 Kcal
– Energy Consumption
– Summer (8 months)
• Electricity – 12 Crores for Cooling
• HSD – 0.9 Crores for Hot Water
– Winter (4 months)
• Electricity - 2 Crores for Cooling
• HSD – 0.8 Crores for Hot Water
 Case in point – with 4 Pipe
• Large Hospital In Delhi
– Tonnage – 3000 TR, 4 PIPE 1000 TR
– Energy Consumption
– Summer (8 months)
• Electricity – 12 Crores for Cooling
• HSD – 0.1 Crores for Hot Water
– Winter (4 months)
• Electricity - 2 Crores for Cooling
• HSD – 0.05 Crores for Hot Water

• Extra Cost for spent in Capital Cost over Chiller + Hot water Generator :
Rs 1.1 Crores
• Yearly Savings : Rs. 1.55 Crores
• Payback : 9 months
• Savings in 25 years : Rs 37.65 Crores
Conclusions

 simultaneous opposite thermal loads are very common in modern

buildings

 when simultaneous opposite loads exist it is not convenient to adopt

decoupled systems for the production of hot and cold water

 there is only one way to reach security, sustainability and development: energy
saving through a conscious use of resources
Thank you for your attention