Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools PDF

ApacheHVAC User Guide
Part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools

IES Virtual Environment
Copyright © 2017 Integrated Environmental Solutions Limited. All rights reserved.
No part of the manual is to be copied or reproduced in any form without the express agreement of
Integrated Environmental Solutions Limited.
VE 2016 ApacheHVAC User Guide part A: Overview and fundamentals i

Contents
1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................5
2 ASHRAE Loads ............................................................................................................................6
2.1 Internal Gain Inclusion and Saturation .................................................................................6
2.2 Diversity Factors ..................................................................................................................8
2.3 Design Day Profiles ............................................................................................................ 10
3 Reporting New Variables .......................................................................................................... 12
3.1 Duct Leakage ..................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Fan Configuration .............................................................................................................. 13
4 Generating Loads Reports ......................................................................................................... 14
4.1 Select results file................................................................................................................ 16
4.2 Select report sections to generate ...................................................................................... 16
4.3 Report generator settings .................................................................................................. 17
4.3.1 Select report sections to generate ............................................................................................................ 17
4.3.2 Oversizing .................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.4 HTML Reports .................................................................................................................... 20
4.5 Content Manager ............................................................................................................... 21
5 Room and Zone Loads Reports .................................................................................................. 23
5.1 Project and Climate ........................................................................................................... 23
5.2 Space Loads and Ventilation .............................................................................................. 27
5.3 Zone and Room Loads Reports ........................................................................................... 31
5.3.1 Cooling Zone/Room Peak .......................................................................................................................... 35
5.3.2 Heating Zone/Room Peak .......................................................................................................................... 38
5.3.3 Cooling Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 39
5.3.4 Heating Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 40
5.3.5 Areas & Thermal Transmittance ................................................................................................................ 40
5.3.6 Temperatures & Setpoints ......................................................................................................................... 42
5.3.7 Airflow ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
5.3.8 Checks ........................................................................................................................................................ 45
6 HVAC Loads and Sizing Reports ................................................................................................. 47
6.1 Project and Climate ........................................................................................................... 48
6.2 Plant Loops and Equipment ............................................................................................... 51
6.3 Space Loads and Ventilation .............................................................................................. 55
6.4 Space Conditioning Loads Reports...................................................................................... 59
6.4.1 Cooling Coil Peak ....................................................................................................................................... 64
6.4.2 Cooling System/Zone/Room Peak ............................................................................................................. 70
6.4.3 Heating Coil Peak ....................................................................................................................................... 71
6.4.4 Cooling Coils and Room Units .................................................................................................................... 72
6.4.5 Heating Coils and Room Units ................................................................................................................... 73
6.4.6 Areas .......................................................................................................................................................... 74
6.4.7 Temperatures ............................................................................................................................................ 75
VE 2016 ApacheHVAC User Guide part A: Overview and fundamentals ii

6.4.8 Airflow ....................................................................................................................................................... 79
6.4.9 Checks ........................................................................................................................................................ 84
VE 2016 ApacheHVAC User Guide part A: Overview and fundamentals iii

ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools
The ApacheHVAC User Guide is divided into five parts—five separate documents—each of which covers a
set of related topics. Ten ApacheHVAC User Guide Appendices provide additional information.
A: Overview and Fundamentals

Part A describes general functions, toolbars, tree, canvas, drawing tools, overlays and annotations,
HVAC prototypes library, constructing systems, multiplexing basics, types of components and
controllers, essential rules, Integrated System Management (ISM) basics, overview of the System
Parameters UI, typical workflow, and results view.
Many of these topics are appear again in parts B–E where they are covered in greater detail.
B: Equipment, Loops, Components, and Controls

 Plant Equipment and Water Loops
 Airside Components and Controllers
 Room Unit Components and Controllers
C: Working with Prototype HVAC Networks

 Prototype HVAC Systems Library
 Rooms, Zones, Layers, and Multiplexing
 Integrated System Management (ISM), emphasizing broader VE context as in ISM phases 1b and 2,
and productivity tools in phase 3; will cover phases 1-3 as they are released.
 System Setup, System Parameters, Zones Tabular Edit, Loads, Ventilation, Autosizing, Loads
Reports, and Results Analysis workflow and essential steps.
D: System Parameters Interface for HVAC Networks

 Description of each individual parameter and control in the System Parameters dialog.
 See also Appendix B: System Parameter Dialog Data Mapping.
E: Prototype Systems
 System types and common features of Prototype Systems in the HVAC Systems Library
F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools

 Loads Analysis tools and system loads and sizing Report Generator
 Loads Report data sources and descriptions for all VE2017-format loads reports
Appendix A: Rules for Air Flow Specification

Appendix B: System Parameter Dialog Data Mapping
Appendix C: ApacheHVAC Component and Controller Limits
Appendix D: HVAC Systems Modeling Guidance for the ASHRAE 90.1 Performance Rating Method
Appendix E: Ground-Source Heat Pump Modeling with ApacheHVAC and Gaia Geothermal GLD
Appendix F: VRF systems in ApacheHVAC
Appendix G: Hydronic Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems in ApacheHVAC
Appendix H: UFAD and Displacement Ventilation in ApacheHVAC
Appendix I: Solar Hot Water Applications in ApacheHVAC
Appendix J: Pre-ISM Zone Loads, Ventilation, and Autosizing using the Loads Data Spreadsheet and original
System Schedules interface (VE2015 and earlier version
VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide Part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools iv
1 Introduction
For VE 2017 the loads reporting structure has been overhauled and new functionality has been added to
allow for more user control over loads runs.
To enhance the load runs, ASHRAE Loads now supports flexible user control and differentiation between
Room & Zone Loads and System Loads. The following can be independently determined for the different
types of loads analyses, with settings for each being retained by the software:
 Inclusion of internal gains

 Diversity for internal gains
 Saturation of profiles for internal gains, and if so, during all hours of non-zero profile values or
just during occupied hours
 Use of Design Day profiles when specialize gain profiles are needed specifically for loads analyses
Section 2 of this user guide discusses the details of these load run options and settings.
As well as improvements to the loads runs, functionality has also been added which allows new variables
to be reported i.e. duct leakage and fan configuration. These new features give further insight into the
impact of system sizing runs, which had not been previously possible with the VE, see Section 3.
Finally, a new reporting structure provides new report types and uses a single page PDF format, which
allows the user to quickly interrogate their room, zone, and system loads run at different levels easily and
effectively. This new format also allows reports to be easily shared and printed if needed, see Section 4 and
Section 5.
VE 2017 ApacheHVAC User Guide part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools 5
2 ASHRAE Loads
ASHRAE loads includes flexible user control settings, which can be independently configured for Room &
Zone Loads and System Loads. The new functionality is detailed in the following sections.
2.1 Internal Gain Inclusion and Saturation

ASHARE loads allows the user to include/exclude internal gains from a heating loads run, see Figure 2-1. By
default, the internal gains are not included for either the Room & Zone heating loads or the System heating
loads.
Figure 2-1: ASHRAE Room and Apache System loads dialog with the option to include internal gains for the
heating loads engaged
Once internal gains are included (optional for heating loads, always included for cooling loads) then the
user has the ability to set saturation conditions for these gains. Here we will discuss the ability to saturate
internal gains both for heating and cooling loads runs.
Figure 2-2: ASHRAE Room and Apache System loads dialog with the option to saturate internal gains profiles
for peak heating and cooling loads
The following options are available:

 No
This leaves all internal gain profiles unchanged (default for both Room & Zone and System Loads
for heating and cooling runs)
 Yes
This interprets all internal gain profile values that are greater than zero as being equal to 1.0
(100%) during sizing runs. However, this only occurs if the appropriate setting has been engaged
in the internal gain either through building template manager or via space data, see Figure 2-3.
The ‘Allow profiles to saturate for loads analysis?’ is checked by default.
 System occupied hours

This option increases non-zero internal gain profile values to 100% just during System Occupied
Hours thus avoiding any increase of non-zero values maintained outside of those hours. The
system occupied hours are generated from the data entered for the system (HVAC network) on
the Schedules tab of the System Parameters dialog.
Figure 2-3: Internal gains dialog, accessed from the Building Template Manager, with the option to allow
profile saturation for loads analysis engaged
2.2 Diversity Factors

If internal gains are included in the loads analysis, then the user has the ability to include/exclude diversity
factors as setup for each gain in either building template manager or room data as shown in Figure 2-4.
Figure 2-4: Internal gains dialog, accessed from the Building Template Manager, with the Diversity factor
set to 0.8 for the selected lighting gain
This option is available for both heating and cooling loads calculations. By default, diversity factors are excluded
for Room & Zone Loads and included for System Loads.
Figure 2-5: ApacheHVAC System loads and sizing dialog with the Diversity Factors not applied to internal
gains for heating loads, but applied to internal gains for cooling loads
2.3 Design Day Profiles

In ApachePro, two new day types have been added to allow for the definition of specific heating and cooling
design day profiles.
Figure 2-6: Sample heating & cooling design day profiles shown as part of a weekly profile in ApPro
These design day profiles are the default reference in the Room & Zone loads and System Loads dialogs. By
unchecking the “Default” box in the loads dialog for heating and/or cooling loads, users can select a day of
the week for use in load calculation runs in place of the design day profiles if desired.
Figure 2-7: ASHRAE ApacheHVAC Room and HVAC Zone Loads dialog with the default selection of heating
& cooling design day profiles shown
3 Reporting New Variables
In order to provide a full and informative report, new functionality has been added into the VE to cater for
new variables. These are detailed as follows:
3.1 Duct Leakage

Duct leakage can be an important consideration when evaluating a system configuration. The ‘Duct thermal
properties’ component contains a user option to specify duct leakage as a percentage of the entering
airflow rate that will be leaked. By default, the value for “Duct Leakage rate (%)” is 0%.
Options for specifying the location defines where the air will leak. The following options are available:
 Duct external to the building = leakage to the external environment
 Duct within Return Air Plenum = leakage to the selected return air plenum
 Duct within Supply Air Plenum = leakage to the selected supply air plenum
 Duct within Zone - leakage to the selected HVAC Zone (enabled when zones exist in the
ApacheHVAC file)
 Duct within Room - leakage to the selected room
The plenum, room and zone locations can be assigned from a group if appropriate.
Figure 3-1: Duct thermal properties dialog shown with 10% of airflow leaking into the zone where the
component is located.
See ApacheHVAC User Guide part B for more information about the Ductwork thermal properties
component.
3.2 Fan Configuration
The loads reports are now able to report the fan location relative to the AHU cooling coil. The ‘Fan
Configuration’ is reported in multiple locations in the system loads reports see Section 5 for more
information. The following terminology is used in the reports:
 Fan is downstream of cooling coil = Draw-Through configuration

 Fan is upstream of cooling coil = Blow-Through configuration
For any system wherein either one or both of the two required links (AHU Cooling Coil and Supply fan) is
not present or the flow-path node configuration makes it impossible to determine the relative location of
these two components, the Fan configuration row in the report will read “undetermined”.
Further details about the fan component can be found in ApacheHVAC User Guide part B.
4 Generating Loads Reports
The ‘Generate loads and sizing reports’ dialog is available from the following locations:
 ASHRAE Loads dialog
 ApacheHVAC toolbar button
 VistaPro (selecting a .clg, .htg, .cln, or .htn file in VistaPro, or selecting multiple files and clicking
“Room and Zone Loads / System Loads and Sizing for ApacheHVAC” button)
 Selected navigators (PRM and Prototype system sizing)
Figure 4-1: Generate loads and sizing reports dialog access within the ASHRAE Loads dialog
Figure 4-2: Generate loads and sizing reports dialog accessed from the ApacheHVAC toolbar
Figure 4-3: Generate loads and sizing reports dialog access within VistaPro
Figure 4-4: Generate loads and sizing reports dialog within the VE, shown with a pair of .clg and .cln files
selected in VistaPro
Note that system level sizing using ASHRAE Loads analysis must be completed to provide the .cln and .htn
results files necessary for generating system loads reports. This can be done via ApacheHVAC, the 90.1 PRM
Navigator, or directly from the ASHRAE Loads dialog.
4.1 Select results file

This section of the dialog allows the user to select a results file that will be used to generate the reports.
One file can be selected at a time with the default selection always being the first one on the list.
4.2 Select report sections to generate

The Room & Zone Loads reports are presented as a series of single page PDFs broken down over the
following four types:
 Project and Climate

This is presented as a single page report for each file selected. It details model, location, weather
and calculation data as well as giving a building loads summary. Further details can be found in
Section 5.1.
 Space loads and ventilation

This report displays zone and room level loads and airflows that are the coincident peaks taken
from the Room & Zone Loads run or System Parameters UI as appropriate. This selection is not
available if an ApacheHVAC file is not associated with the Room Loads run. Further details can
be found in Section 6.35.2.
 Zone loads
A single page report is presented for each zone within the selected results file. This page shows
a detailed breakdown of each zone in terms of peak heating & cooling loads, as well as displaying
ancillary information like temperatures, airflows, engineering checks etc. based on the Room &
Zone Loads run. This selection will be greyed out if HVAC zones do not exist in the project.
Further details can be found in Section 5.3.
 Room loads
Similar to the zone loads report, this page shows the peak heating & cooling loads at a room
level. Further details can be found in Section 5.3.
The HVAC Loads & Sizing reports are presented as a series of single page PDFs broken down over the
following six types:

This is presented as a single page report for each file selected. It details model, location, weather
and calculation data as well as giving a building loads summary. Further details can be found in
Section 6.1.
 Plant loops & equipment
This report presents data for each active plant loop and associated equipment in a series of
frames. Depending on the amount of active loops, this may flow across multiple pages. Further
details can be found in Section 6.2.

This report displays system, zone and room level loads and airflows that are the coincident peaks
taken from the Room & Zone Loads run, System Loads run or System Parameters UI as
appropriate. Further details can be found in Section 6.3.
 System loads
A single page report is presented for each system within the selected results file. This page
shows a detailed breakdown of each system in terms of peak coil performance as well as
displaying ancillary information like temperatures, airflow, engineering checks etc. based on the
System Loads run. Further details can be found in Section 6.4.
 Zone conditioning loads

Similar to the system loads report, this page shows the breakdown at a zone level. This selection
will be greyed out if HVAC zones do not exist in the ApacheHVAC file. Further details can be
found in Section 6.4.
 Room conditioning loads

Similar to the system and zone loads report, this page shows the breakdown at a room level.
Further details can be found in Section 6.4.
The user can select which reports are generated by checking or unchecking each report. By default, no
reports are included.
4.3 Report generator settings

This section of the dialog includes two user options:
 Set peak time for reporting
 Include/exclude oversizing for coils, equipment, and zone loads
4.3.1 Select report sections to generate

This applies to the System, Zone conditioning and Room conditioning loads reports and allows the user to
set the appropriate peaking devices (and thus peak time) for use in the cooling and heating coil peak frames
of these reports. The dialog is launched by selecting the “Peak time for loads reporting…” button.
Figure 4-5: Peak Time for Loads Reporting dialog where user can select relevant peaking device to
determine peak time for loads reporting
If the results file has more than one HVAC system then these are listed and are individually selectable. Once
the system is selected the dialog will auto select the most appropriate heating and cooling peaking device
based on the system type and configuration e.g. in this case the system is 07a VAV with Reheat and the
software has auto selected the AHU cooling coil and the Zone reheat coils as the relevant peaking devices.
These selections can be overridden by the user by simply selecting from the appropriate dropdown for each
load report type (system/zone/room).
It should be noted that room units cannot currently be selected as a peaking device.
4.3.2 Oversizing
A dropdown selector has been provided to allow the user to determine, at the time of report generation,
whether the reported values will include the application of oversizing factors. For coils and equipment, this
applies to the oversizing factors for each of these items within the ApacheHVAC interface.
In the case of zone loads, the inclusion of oversizing factors reports values for zone cooling loads and zone
heating loads in the Space loads and ventilation report after the application of oversizing factors set for
each zone on the Zone Loads & Supply Airflows tab of the System Parameters dialog in ApacheHVAC. When
Room components are used (rather than Zone components) in ApacheHVAC, each Room is equivalent to
an HVAC Zone. When this is true, the loads for Rooms on each system within the Space loads and Ventilation
report are similarly affected.
This does not affect the contributing loads on the detailed Room Loads and Zone Loads reports.
Figure 4-6: Generate system loads and sizing reports dialog with option to include or exclude oversizing
factors for coils, equipment, and zone loads highlighted
The inclusion/exclusion of oversizing factors has the following impact on the different report types:
Regardless of the toggle, the project cooling and heating loads are coincident peak values for all
conditioned spaces without oversizing.
 Plant loops & equipment

All equipment and loop capacities will include or exclude oversizing factors during report
generation depending on the user selection.
Zone loads for cooling and heating are each coincident peak values with respect to constituent
rooms with/without oversizing factors applied. Zone airflows are design values that include
oversizing and other influences as set for individual zones in System Parameters.
 System, Zone conditioning and Room conditioning loads

Coil and room unit capacities will include or exclude oversizing factors during report generation
depending on the user selection.
Dynamic notes have been added to each report to reflect the user selection in this dialog.
4.4 HTML Reports

The Generate system loads and sizing report dialog gives access to the VE2016 HTML based sizing reports
and the ASHRAE 62.1 ventilation reports. These are not included by default.
Figure 4-7: Generate system loads and sizing reports dialog with options for HTML reports highlighted
4.5 Content Manager
When the user selection is complete, the selected reports can be generated by clicking the ‘OK’ button. The
PDF containing these reports will be generated and has the same name as the .clg, .htg, .cln, and .htn files
from the Loads run. It is saved to the project scripts folder and is added to content manager for future
viewing.
Figure 4-8: Content Manager alert that appears following the generation of any loads reports
Content manager is the reports repository in the VE and can be accessed via a popup after the report
generation process is complete as shown above or via the tools menu at anytime, as well as accessed from
some navigators.
Content manager lists the available reports on the left hand side frame and displays the contents on the
right hand side. Reports can be fully investigated, filtered, deleted, or opened externally in a local PDF
viewer.
Figure 4-9: Content manager and PDF viewer showing an example loads report page
5 Room and Zone Loads Reports
Four report types are available for loads and sizing:
 Space Loads and Ventilation
 Zone Loads
 Room Loads
These new reports types are based around a single page PDF format, with report pages organized according
to a linear scheme. This means that, where applicable, the information pertaining to the building (as is the
case in the Project and Climate report) or a zone or room (as it the case for the loads reports) are contained
on a single page. This makes the interrogation of the reports quick, easy and effective.
In the case of the Space Loads and Ventilation report the report may overlap onto multiple pages depending
on the size of the project.
The header within each report references the report type (left hand side), the project name (center) and
the VE version (right hand side). The following reports have additional information in the header:

The name of the system is displayed under the project name
 Zone Loads Report

The name of the zone is displayed under the project name and the parent system (if applicable)
is displayed under the report type
 Room Loads Report

The name of the room is displayed under the project name and the parent system (if applicable),
the HVAC Methodology chosen is displayed under the parent system (if shown), and parent zone
(if applicable) is displayed under the report type
In each report the notes to the right hand side of the footer contains the following information:
 Results file name
 Date and time of generation
 Reference to the report type
 Page number relative to the total pages for that report type
Notes specific to the report type are contained on the left hand side of the footer.
For all reports where data is not available or applicable a dash (-) is used.
5.1 Project and Climate

The project and climate report is the first report to be displayed unless it is unchecked. It shows a
breakdown of model, location, weather and calculation data for the selected results file as well as giving a
project loads summary. It is a single page report generated for each results file. It contains the following six
frames:
 Model Data
 Location Data
 Design Weather Data
 Heating Calculation Data
 Cooling Calculation Data
 Project Loads Summary
Figure 5-1: Project and Climate report page
Model Data:
The model data frame contains the following information:
Data label Data source

Project file The project .mit file name
HVAC file The project .asp file used to generate the report (if
applicable)
Model floor area Total building floor area
Building floor area Building conditioned floor area
Building Volume Building conditioned volume
Number of conditioned Total number of rooms served by a system
rooms
Load analysis ASHRAE Heat Balance Method as per Apache Loads
methodology
Calculated Date and time of calculation
Version No. IES VE Version Number
Location Data:
The location data frame contains the following information:
Location Taken from the ‘Location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
Latitude Taken from the ‘Location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
Longitude Taken from the ‘Location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
Altitude Taken from the ‘Location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
Time Zone Taken from the ‘Location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
Design Weather Data:
The design weather data frame contains the following information:
Source Taken from the ‘Design Weather Data’ tab in ApLocate
Monthly percentile - Taken from the ‘Design Weather Data’ tab in ApLocate
heating
cooling
Barometric pressure This is atmospheric pressure taken from the design
weather data
Air density Taken from the ‘Location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate.
This is one of the following:
 Standard value which is the same for all locations
(default)
 Custom value which can be entered by the user
 Derived value. Here the user can enter elevation and
reference dry bulb and relative humidity values to
derive the air density
Air specific heat Constant value of 1019J/kgK in SI and 0.7886 Btu/lb·°F in
IP
Density-spec heat Product of air density and specific heat
product
Summer Ground Taken from the ‘Location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
reflectance
Winter Ground Taken from the ‘Location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
reflectance
Carbon dioxide Taken from the ‘Location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
(ambient)
Cooling Calculation Data:

The cooling calculation data frame contains the following information:
Results file Name of associated .clg file
Profile Month Taken from Apache System Loads settings
Max. outdoor temp dry Taken from the ‘Design Weather Data’ tab in ApLocate
bulb
Max. outdoor temp wet Taken from the ‘Design Weather Data’ tab in ApLocate
bulb
Heating Calculation Data:
The heating calculation data frame contains the following information:
Results file Name of associated .htg file
Outdoor winter design Taken from the ‘Design Weather Data’ tab in ApLocate
temp
Project Loads Summary Data:

The project loads summary data frame contains the following information:
Cooling loads peak Coincident peak cooling design load from the .clg file,
accounting for all rooms
Cooling load density Cooling design load density associated with the peak
shown above.
Heating loads peak Coincident peak heating design load peak from the .htg
file, accounting for all rooms
Heating load density Heating design load density associated with the peak
shown above.
5.2 Space Loads and Ventilation

The space loads and ventilation report is the third report to be displayed unless it is unchecked or an
ApacheHVAC file is not associated with the Room and Zone Loads run. This report shows a high-level
breakdown of the space loads and ventilation values for each system within the results file. It can flow onto
multiple pages if the HVAC file contains more than one system.
The data shown in this table is consistent with that shown for the Zone Airflow Distribution table within
ApacheHVAC, and thus includes only those spaces/zones assigned to Principal Room/Zone components.
Therefore, the Space Loads and Ventilation report is a summary of loads for the Principal Room/Zone spaces
on each system, and not a listing of coil loads, which might include additional loads for non-principal spaces,
outdoor air ventilation, etc.
This table is populated via the associated ApacheHVAC .asp file, and therefore is included with the Room &
Zone Loads reports only when an ApacheHVAC system has been set up and the relevant .asp file is selected
for association with the Room & Zone Loads run. The loads values obtained via ApacheHVAC for this report
are, however, originally sourced from the results for the Room & Zone Loads run (.clg or .htg file), and the
reported design airflows are calculated for each zone and room based upon those loads.
The report also shows zone and room level loads and airflows. Zone loads are the coincident peak for all
rooms in each zone, and are set by the Room & Zone Loads run. Zone airflows are the zone cooling and
heating max airflows from the System Parameters UI. Room level loads data in the table are the non-
coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run for the room.
Both Room Loads and Zone Loads (the coincident peak for the rooms in each zone) in this report are
populated from the System Parameters dialog and Zone Airflow Distribution table in the .asp file. These
values are typically generated from the Room & Zone loads analysis run––i.e., normally using ‘saturated’
gain profiles, without diversity factors, and before any influence from system operation and controls.
System Loads in this report are the sum of peak values from the Room & Zone loads analysis run––i.e.,
before system sizing has been performed.
One report is shown per system with the system name in the header. In the case of PTAC and Single Zone
systems the name also includes a layer number for easier cross reference.
Figure 5-2: Space Loads and Ventilation report page
System Level:
The following information is provided for the system:
Sensible Cooling Load Sum of peak values from the Room & Zone Loads run for
all zones on the system
Latent Cooling Load Sum of peak values from the Room & Zone Loads run for
all zones on the system
Total Cooling load (also Sum of the above
provided per unit floor
area)
Cooling Airflow (also Sum of peak values from the Room & Zone Loads run at
provided per unit floor the time of peak cooling load
area)
Heating load (also Sum of peak values from the Room & Zone Loads run for
provided per unit floor all zones on the system
area)
Heating Airflow (also Sum of peak values from the Room & Zone Loads run at
provided per unit floor the time of peak heating load
area)
Outdoor Airflow Req. This is system minimum outdoor ventilation requirement
(also provided per unit before considering the possibility of a greater requirement
floor area) for outside air to make up for total system exhaust airflow
and is equivalent to Vot in the System Parameters UI
Min OA Airflow (also Not populated when System loads have not been
provided per unit floor calculated
area)
Zone Level:
The following information is provided for each zone served by the system:
Sensible Cooling Load Coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run
as recorded in the System Parameters dialog, subject to
user edit, for all rooms in the zone
Latent Cooling Load Coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run
user edit for all rooms in the zone
area)
Cooling Airflow (also The Zone Cooling Max Airflow from the System
provided per unit floor Parameters UI
area)
Heating load (also Coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run
provided per unit floor as recorded in the System Parameters dialog, subject to
area) user edit for all rooms in the zone
Heating Airflow (also The Zone Heating Max Airflow from the System
area)
Outdoor Airflow Req. Zone Ventilation Max/Total Required from the System
(also provided per unit Parameters UI
floor area)
Min OA Airflow (also Not populated when System loads have not been
provided per unit floor calculated
area)
Figure 5-3: Zone Airflow Distribution table showing a system 7a with completed system sizing and user edits
(orange text) and a system 5b with completed room & zone level sizing, but without completed system sizing
(blue text). All autosized values appear in green text.
Room Level:
The following information is provided for each room served by the system:
Sensible Cooling Load Peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded
in the System Parameters dialog, subject to user edit for
the room
Latent Cooling Load Peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded
the room
area)
provided per unit floor Parameters UI multiplied by the room airflow apportioning
area) factor (%) as per the Zone Airflow Distribution table.
Heating load (also Peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run for the room
area)
area) factor (%) as per the Zone Airflow Distribution table
5.3 Zone and Room Loads Reports

The zone and room loads reports show the breakdown of peak heating and cooling loads at two different
levels across a series of single page reports. The two levels shown are
 Zone
 Room
If HVAC zones do not exist in the model then this report will not be available for generation. If they exist
only for a select number of spaces within the model then only the reports relevant to these spaces will
contain zone level reports.
Zone Loads and Room Loads values in this set of reports are taken from the Zone and Room loads analysis
run at the time of the relevant room or zone peak load––i.e., using the gain profiles and diversity factors
set in the loads dialog, and excluding the influences of system operation and controls.
The reports are split into three columns, which are further split into relevant frames within each column as
follows:
Cooling
 Cooling Peak
This is the breakdown of all the gains and losses contributing to the peak zone or room load.
 Cooling Summary
This shows peak load information of the room or zone
Heating
 Heating Peak
This is the breakdown of all the gains and losses contributing to the peak zone or room load.
 Heating Summary
This shows peak load information of the room or zone
Supplementary information
 Areas & Thermal Transmittance
Areas of components of the room or zone, with area-weighted U-values shown
 Temperatures & Setpoints
Zone or room temperatures and setpoints
 Airflow
Zone or room airflows (only infiltration information will be displayed if an ApacheHVAC file is
not associated with the Zone & Room Loads run).
 Checks
Engineering checks relevant to the zone or room accordingly
The following images show examples of zone and room loads reports.
Figure 5-4: Zone Loads report page
Figure 5-5: Room Loads report page
5.3.1 Cooling Zone/Room Peak
Figure 5-6: Cooling Peak section of Zone and Room Loads report pages
This frame itemizes gains contributing to the peak cooling load in a room or zone. The name of this frame
is dynamic and will update depending on whether a room or zone load report is generated.
This frame is broken down across the series of rows and columns, which are detailed as follows:
Rows (reported gain classes):
 Envelope Gains/Losses
These are the gains/losses associated with the envelope e.g. external walls, roofs, solar,
ventilation associated with the envelope, etc.
 Internal Building Gains/Losses
These the gains/losses associated with the internal structures
 Internal Gains
These the gains/losses associated with internal contributions within the room/zone e.g. lights,
people, equipment
Columns:
 Zone/Room Sensible/Latent
These are the gains/losses associated with the room or zone itself
 Net Value
These are the gains/losses that directly contribute to the peak load
 Per Floor Area
Displays, for each row, the value in the adjacent ‘Net Value’ column expressed per floor area of
the reported room or zone
 Percent of total
Displays, for each row, the value in the ‘Net Value’ column expressed as a percentage of the
total appearing at the bottom of that column (or a dash if the ‘Net Value’ column contains a
dash).
The time of peak load is shown at the top of this frame along with the outside air dry bulb (DB), outside air
wet bulb (WB) and the outside air relative humidity (RH) at that time.
Envelope Gains/Losses:
External Walls Conduction gain - external wall from the .clg file
Roofs Conduction gain – roof from the .clg file
Ground/Exposed Floors Conduction gain - ground floor from the .clg file
External Doors Conduction gain – external doors from the .clg file
Windows Conduction Conduction gain - external glazing from the .clg file
Skylight Conduction Conduction gain – rooflights from the .clg file
Solar Solar gain from the .clg file
Infiltration Infiltration gain from the .clg file
Nat/Aux Vent Natural vent gain + Aux mech vent gain from the .clg file
Internal Building Gains/Losses:

Internal Walls/ Openings Conduction gain - internal wall + Conduction gain -
internal door + Conduction gain - internal glazed from the
.clg file
Internal Floors Conduction gain – floor from the .clg file
Internal Air & Furniture Air & furniture dynamic gain from the .clg file
Ceilings Conduction gain – ceiling from the .clg file
Internal Gains:
Lights Lighting gain from the .clg file
People People gain from the .clg file
Misc,Computers,Equip Equipment gain from the .clg file
5.3.2 Heating Zone/Room Peak
Figure 5-7: Heating Peak section of Zone and Room Loads report pages
This section itemizes gains (reported gain classes) contributing to the peak heating load in the room or zone.
As with the cooing peak, this determines the wording of the header.
The derivations of entries in this part of the report (under the headings ‘Room’ or ‘Zone’ and ‘Net Total’)
follow the same procedures as those in the cooling room or zone peak section, with the following
exceptions:
 Inputs are taken from the .htg file rather than the .clg file.
 So long as the ‘Default’ box is checked in the Heating Loads section of the ASHRAE Loads dialog,
the ‘Time of peak’ on the report shall display ‘Heating Design’.
 The column for Latent Load is not relevant and therefore is omitted
5.3.3 Cooling Summary
Figure 5-8: Cooling Summary section of Room and Zone Loads report pages
This frame summarizes the peak cooling load values for the room or zone. Details of reported values are as
follows:

Sensible cooling load Sensible cooling load from the *.clg file
(Btu/h)
Latent cooling load Latent cooling load from the *.clg file
(Btu/h)
Sensible heat ratio Ratio of sensible load to total load (sensible + latent load)
Design Supply Airflow Taken from the System Parameters dialog, this field
calculated per indicates whether design airflows in the report were
calculated using sensible or latent loads data. A dash will
appear where Design Supply Airflow is not calculated
because an ApacheHVAC file was not associated with the
Room & Zone Loads calculation
Design zone air temp for Taken from the System Parameters dialog to reflect the air
Supply Airflow temperature used for calculating Design Supply Airflow; A
calculation (°F/°C) dash will appear where Design Supply Airflow is not
calculated because an ApacheHVAC file was not
associated with the Room & Zone Loads calculation
5.3.4 Heating Summary
Figure 5-9: Heating Summary section of Room and Zone Loads report pages
This frame summarizes the peak heating load values for the room or zone. Details of reported values are as
follows:
Sensible heating load Sensible cooling load from the *.htg file
(Btu/h)
Design zone air temp for Taken from the System Parameters dialog to reflect the air
Supply Airflow temperature used for calculating Design Supply Airflow; A
calculation (°F/°C) dash will appear where Design Supply Airflow is not
calculated because an ApacheHVAC file was not
5.3.5 Areas & Thermal Transmittance
Figure 5-10: Areas & Thermal Transmittance section of Zone & Room Loads report pages
This frame details the gross surface areas of the zones or rooms. The frame also outlines the glazing area in
the relevant surfaces and shows this as a percentage. This frame is broken down into rows of external and
internal areas, across the series columns, which are detailed as follows:
Columns:
 Total Area
The area of the surface, for each row, for the relevant room or zone
 Glazing
The area of the surface, for each row, that is glazed for the relevant room or zone
 Glazing %
Displays, for each row, the value in the adjacent ‘Glazing’ column expressed as a percentage of
the total area
 U-value
Displays, for each row, the area-weighted U-value for the relevant room or zone

External
Walls External wall area + external glazing area (excluding doors
and holes)
External glass area in associated wall as area and

percentage of gross wall area
Windows External glazing area (excluding doors and holes)
Door External door area
Floors Area of ground and exposed floors
Roofs External roof area + external skylight area (excluding holes)
External skylight area in associated roof as area and

percentage of gross roof area
Internal
Ceilings Internal ceiling area
Floors Internal floor area
Partitions Internal vertical partition and door area (including glazing &
holes)
5.3.6 Temperatures & Setpoints
Figure 5-11: Temperatures & Setpoints section of Zone Loads report pages
This frame reports relevant temperatures at zone and room level, in columns for cooling and heating,
detailed as follows:
Zone level:
Supply air (design) This is the zone level design temperature and is obtained
from the system parameters UI for heating and cooling
(‘Zone loads & airflows tab’ - cooling and heating design
zone air temperatures)
A dash will appear when an ApacheHVAC file was not

Master Room Setpoint The setpoint of the master room within a zone obtained
(design) from the space data.
Master Room (actual) The actual temperature in the master room is obtained
from the .clg and .htg files.
Mean Radiant This is the actual mean radiant temperature from the .clg
Temperature and .htg files
Dry Resultant This is the actual dry resultant temperature from the .clg
RH (Design Max This parameter is shown only when a relative humidity
Setpoint) (%) setpoint is specified.
Room level:
Supply air (design) This is the room level design temperature and is obtained
(‘Room loads & airflows tab’ - cooling and heating design
room air temperatures)

Room Setpoint (design) The setpoint of the room obtained from the space data.
Room (actual) The actual temperature in the room is obtained from the
.clg and .htg files.
Mean Radiant This is the actual mean radiant temperature from the .clg
Dry Resultant This is the actual dry resultant temperature from the .clg
RH (Design Max This parameter is shown only when a relative humidity
Setpoint) (%) setpoint is specified.
5.3.7 Airflow
Figure 5-12: Airflow section of Room & Zone Loads report pages
This frame reports relevant airflows at zone and room level as detailed below:
Note, for rooms in zones the zone flow is distributed among the rooms as per the proportioning in the zone
airflow distribution table (ZAD)
Supply (design) This is the room level design airflow and is obtained from
the system parameters UI for heating and cooling. (‘Zone
loads & Supply Airflows tab’)

Reheat Minimum This is the minimum primary airflow for the room, obtained
(design) from the system parameters UI

Leakage at Design Flow This is the room leakage airflow and is obtained by
multiplying the percentage leakage by the supply design
flow.

Ventilation (requirement) This is the room ventilation requirement and is taken from
the system parameters dialog (‘Max req.’ from the ‘Zone
Ventilation & Exhaust’ tab).

Exhaust (requirement) This is the room exhaust requirement and is taken from
the system parameters dialog (‘Exhaust airflow’ from the
‘Zone Ventilation & Exhaust’ tab).

Infiltration This is the infiltration rate for the room and is obtained
from the .clg and .htg files
5.3.8 Checks
Figure 5-13: Checks section of Room & Zone Loads report pages
This frame provides a series of engineering checks, which can be used to verify performance at zone and
room level.

Number of people Sourced from the space data for each room and summed to
get the value at zone level.
ft2/person Sourced from the space data for each room and summed to
get the value at zone level (room floor area and peak
occupancy).
Average Ceiling Sourced directly from the room or rooms within a zone
Height
Btu/h/ft2 – Cooling & Calculated from the peak room/zone load from the *.clg or
Heating *.htg file and room/zone floor area
ft2/ton – Cooling & Calculated from the peak room/zone load from the *.clg or *.htg
Heating file and room/zone floor area
cfm/ft2 – Cooling & Calculated from the room/zone airflow from the Zone Airflow
Heating Distribution table (ZAD) and room/zone floor area

% Outdoor Air - The necessary parameters required to calculate % outdoor air
Cooling & Heating are taken from the Zone Airflow Distribution table (ZAD)
(ventilation and room airflow)

Outdoor air cfm/ft2 The outdoor air flow is taken from the Zone Airflow Distribution
table (ZAD) (ventilation airflow) and along with floor area is used
to calculate the required values.

Outdoor air The outdoor air flow is taken from the Zone Airflow Distribution
cfm/person table (ZAD) (ventilation airflow) and along with No. of people is
used to calculate the required values.

6 HVAC Loads and Sizing Reports
Six report types are available for loads and sizing:
 Plant Loops and Equipment
 System Loads
 Zone Conditioning Loads
 Room Conditioning Loads
These new reports types are based around a single page PDF format, with report pages organized according
to a linear scheme. This means that, where applicable, the information pertaining to the building (as is the
case in the Project and Climate report) or a system, zone or room (as it the case for the loads reports) are
contained on a single page. This makes the interrogation of the reports quick, easy and effective.
In the case of the Loops & Equipment report or the Space Loads and Ventilation report the report may
overlap onto multiple pages depending on the size of the project.
The header within each report references the report type (left hand side), the project name (center) and
the VE version (right hand side). The following reports have additional information in the header:

 System Loads Report

 Zone Conditioning Loads Report

The name of the zone is displayed under the project name and the parent system is displayed
under the report type
 Room Conditioning Loads Report

The name of the room is displayed under the project name and the parent system and parent
zone (if applicable) is displayed under the report type
In each report the notes to the right hand side of the footer contains the following information:
 Results file name
 Date and time of generation
 Reference to the report type
 Page number relative to the total pages for that report type
Notes specific to the report type are contained on the left hand side of the footer.
For all reports where data is not available or applicable a dash (-) is used.
6.1 Project and Climate
The project and climate report is the first report to be displayed unless it is unchecked. It shows a
breakdown of model, location, weather and calculation data for the selected results file as well as giving a
project loads summary. It is a single page report generated for each results file. It contains the following six
frames:
 Model Data
 Location Data
 Design Weather Data
 Cooling Calculation Data
 Heating Calculation Data
 Project Loads Summary
Figure 6-1: Project and Climate report page
Model Data:
The model data frame contains the following information:

Project file The project .mit file name
HVAC file The project .asp file used to generate the report
Model floor area Total building floor area
Building floor area Building conditioned floor area
Building Volume Building conditioned volume
Number of conditioned Total number of rooms served by a system
rooms
Load analysis ASHRAE Heat Balance Method as per Apache Loads
methodology
Version No. IESVE Version Number
Location Data:
The location data frame contains the following information:
Location Taken from the ‘location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
Latitude Taken from the ‘location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
Longitude Taken from the ‘location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
Altitude Taken from the ‘location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
Time Zone Taken from the ‘location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
Design Weather Data:
The design weather data frame contains the following information:
Source Taken from the ‘Design Weather Data’ tab in ApLocate
heating
cooling
Barometric pressure This is atmospheric pressure taken from the design
weather data
Air density Taken from the ‘location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate.
This is one of the following:
 Standard value which is the same for all locations
(default)
 Custom value which can be entered by the user
 Derived value. Here the user can enter elevation and
reference dry bulb and relative humidity values to
derive the air density
Air specific heat Constant value of 1019J/kgK in SI and 0.7886 Btu/lb·°F in
IP
Density-spec heat Product of air density and specific heat
product
Summer Ground Taken from the ‘location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
reflectance
Winter Ground Taken from the ‘location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
reflectance
Carbon dioxide Taken from the ‘location & Site Data’ tab in ApLocate
(ambient)
Cooling Calculation Data:

The cooling calculation data frame contains the following information:
Results file Name of associated .clg file
Max. outdoor temp dry Taken from the ‘Design Weather Data’ tab in ApLocate
bulb
Max. outdoor temp wet Taken from the ‘Design Weather Data’ tab in ApLocate
bulb
Heating Calculation Data:
The heating calculation data frame contains the following information:
Results file Name of associated .htn file
Outdoor winter design Taken from the ‘Design Weather Data’ tab in ApLocate
temp
Project Loads Summary Data:

The project loads summary data frame contains the following information:
Cooling loads peak This is the cooling design load peak taken from the
System Parameters dialog for all active systems and
summed to give the project cooling load peak. Note that
this may potentially be a non-coincident peak if the
systems are loaded at differing times.
Cooling load density This is the cooling design load density associated with the
peak shown above.
Heating loads peak This is the heating design load peak taken from the
System Parameters dialog for all active systems and
summed to give the project heating load peak. Note that
this may potentially be a non-coincident peak if the
systems are loaded at differing times.
Heating load density This is the heating design load density associated with the
peak shown above.
6.2 Plant Loops and Equipment

The plant loops and equipment report is the second report to be displayed unless it is unchecked. It shows
a breakdown of the water loops and equipment in the selected results file. It can flow onto multiple pages
if the HVAC file contains many water loops. This report contains details for the following three water loop
types:
 Chilled water loop;
 Hot water loop;
 Heat transfer loop
Only active loops are displayed in the report.

The data for each loop is contained within a single frame, which is named after the loop type and is
numbered relative to the total amount of loops in the results file of that type.
Figure 6-2: Plant Loops and Equipment report page
Chilled Water Loop:

The chilled water loop frame contains the following information:
Name Chilled water loop reference name from the .asp file
Cooling capacity Chilled water loop capacity from the .asp file
Primary design flow rate Chilled water loop primary flow rate from the .asp file
Primary pump power Chilled water loop primary flow rate multiplied by the
relevant specific pump power, both from the .asp file
Secondary design flow Here the capacity for each coil on the secondary loop is
rate summed and the flowrate is calculated using the loop
temperature difference
Secondary pump power This is the flow rate calculated above multiplied by the
relevant specific pump power
Condenser loop design Condenser water loop heat rejection capacity taken from
capacity the .asp file
Condenser loop design Condenser water loop flow rate taken from the .asp file
flow rate
Condenser loop pump Condenser water loop flow rate multiplied by condenser
power water loop specific pump power both taken from the .asp
file
Pre-cooling loop Chilled water loop pre-cooling capacity taken from the
capacity .asp file
Equipment name and Taken from the .asp file for each chiller:
capacities - Chiller Name: Reference name from the .asp file
Capacity: Design condition cooling capacity, Qdes
Equipment name and Taken from the .asp file
capacities – Cooling Name: Cooling tower (set label)
Tower Capacity: Heat rejection, Qhrdes
Equipment name and Taken from the .asp file
capacities – Fluid cooler Name: Fluid Cooler (set label)
Capacity: Heat rejection, Qhrdes
Hot Water Loop:

The hot water loop frame contains the following information:
Name Hot water loop reference name from the .asp file
Heating capacity Hot water loop capacity from the .asp file
Pre-heating condenser Combination of two parameters - source multiplied by max
heat recovery capacity heat recovery with HX. Source is the design capacity of
either a specified part load chiller or condenser water
loop. The HX parameters taken from the heat recovery
dialog. Note if the user chooses an explicit heat transfer
model, the calculation is source multiplied by heat
exchanger design effectiveness. All parameters taken
from the .asp file
Pre-heating water to As above but the calculation is extended due to the heat
water heat pump pump capacity rating i.e. Source multiplied by max. heat
Capacity recovery with HX multiplied by heat pump capacity.
In the case of explicit heat transfer model the calculation
is: Source multiplied by heat exchanger design
effectiveness X heat pump capacity as a percentage of
source loop capacity. All parameters taken from the .asp
file
Pre-heating air to water Combination of two parameters - referenced air-to-water
heat pump capacity heat pump dialog output multiplied by the percent of auto
sized heat source capacity. All parameters taken from the
.asp file
Pre-heating combined This parameter comes from heat output in the CHP
heat & power capacity generator dialog
Primary design flow rate Hot water loop primary flow rate from the .asp file
Primary pump power Combination of two parameters - Hot water loop primary
flow rate multiplied by the relevant specific pump power,
both from the .asp file
Secondary design flow Here the capacity for each coil on the secondary loop is
rate summed and the flowrate is calculated using the loop
temperature difference. Thus is then summed for all
secondary loops
Secondary pump power Combination of two parameters - Hot water loop
secondary flow rate multiplied by the relevant specific
pump power summed for all secondary loops
Equipment name and Taken from the .asp file for each boiler:
capacities - Boilers Name: Reference name from the .asp file
Capacity: Design condition heating capacity, Qdes
Heat Transfer Loop:

The heat transfer loop frame contains the following information:
Name Heat transfer loop reference name from the .asp file
Heating capacity Heat transfer loop heating capacity from the .asp file
Cooling capacity Heat transfer loop cooling capacity from the .asp file
Design flow rate Heat transfer loop flowrate from the .asp file
Primary pump power Combination of two parameters - flow rate multiplied by
primary circuit specific pump power. All parameters taken
from the .asp file
Secondary pump power Combination of two parameters - flow rate multiplied by
secondary circuit specific pump power. All parameters
taken from the .asp file
Heat acquisition - As per condenser heat recovery for hot water loops
condenser heat recovery
capacity
Heat acquisition – water As per WWHP for hot water loops
to water heat pump
capacity
Heat acquisition – air to As per AWHP for hot water loops
water heat pump
capacity
Heat acquisition – As per CHP for hot water loops
combined heat & power
thermal capacity
Water-source heat Heat transfer loop water-source heat exchanger heating
exchanger - heating capacity from the .asp file
capacity
Water-source heat Heat transfer loop water-source heat exchanger heating
exchanger - cooling capacity from the .asp file
capacity
Heating equipment Taken from the .asp file for each boiler:
capacity - Boilers Name: Reference name from the .asp file
Capacity: Design condition heating capacity, Qdes
Heat rejection equipment Taken from the .asp file
capacity – Cooling tower Name: Cooling tower (set label)
Heat rejection equipment Taken from the .asp file
capacity – Fluid cooler Name: Fluid Cooler (set label)
6.3 Space Loads and Ventilation
The space loads and ventilation report is the third report to be displayed unless it is unchecked. This report
shows a high-level breakdown of the space loads and ventilation values for each system within the results
file. It can flow onto multiple pages if the HVAC file contains more than one system.
The data shown in this table is consistent with that shown for the Zone Airflow Distribution table within
ApacheHVAC, and thus includes only those spaces/zones assigned to Principal Room/Zone components.
Therefore, the Space Loads and Ventilation report is a summary of loads for the Principal Room/Zone spaces
on each system, and not a listing of coil loads, which might include additional loads for non-principal spaces,
outdoor air ventilation, etc.
It should be noted that this table is populated via the ApacheHVAC .asp file either via the system loads run
results (.clg file or .htn file) or the via the Room & Zone Loads run results (.clg or .htg file) depending on the
level being reported.
The report also shows zone and room level loads and airflows. Zone loads are the coincident peak for all
rooms in each zone, and are set by the Room & Zone Loads run. Zone airflows are the zone cooling and
heating max airflows from the System Parameters UI. Room level loads data in the table are the non-
coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run for the room.
Both Room Loads and Zone Loads (the coincident peak for the rooms in each zone) in this report are
populated from the System Parameters dialog and Zone Airflow Distribution table in the .asp file. These
values are typically generated from the Room & Zone loads analysis run––i.e., normally using ‘saturated’
gain profiles, without diversity factors, and before any influence from system operation and controls.
System Loads in this report are coincident peak values from the System loads analysis run––i.e., normally
using the same gain profiles and diversity factors as in the full dynamic simulation, and including the
influences of system operation and controls.
One report is shown per system with the system name in the header. In the case of PTAC and Single Zone
systems the name also includes a layer number for easier cross reference.
Figure 6-3: Space Loads and Ventilation report page
System Level:
The following information is provided for the system:
Sensible Cooling Load Coincident peak value from the System Loads run for all
zones on the system
Latent Cooling Load Coincident peak value from the System Loads run for all
zones on the system
area)
Cooling Airflow (also The system airflow peak from the System Loads run at the
provided per unit floor time of peak cooling load
area)
Heating load (also Coincident peak value from the System Loads run for all
provided per unit floor zones on the system
area)
Heating Airflow (also The system airflow peak from the System Loads run at the
provided per unit floor time of peak heating load
area)
Outdoor Airflow Req. This is system minimum outdoor ventilation requirement
(also provided per unit before considering the possibility of a greater requirement
floor area) for outside air to make up for total system exhaust airflow
and is equivalent to Vot in the System Parameters UI
Min OA Airflow (also Minimum outdoor air from the System Loads run at
provided per unit floor cooling vs. heating peak times
area)
Zone Level:
The following information is provided for each zone served by the system:
Sensible Cooling Load Coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run
user edit, for all rooms in the zone
Latent Cooling Load Coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run
user edit for all rooms in the zone
area)
area)
Heating load (also Coincident peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run
provided per unit floor as recorded in the System Parameters dialog, subject to
area) user edit for all rooms in the zone
area)
Outdoor Airflow Req. Zone Ventilation Max/Total Required from the System
(also provided per unit Parameters UI
floor area)
Min OA Airflow (also Minimum outdoor air from the System Loads run at
provided per unit floor cooling vs. heating peak times
area)
Figure 6-4: Zone Airflow Distribution table showing a system 7a with completed system sizing and user edits
(orange text) and a system 5b with completed room & zone level sizing, but without completed system sizing
(blue text). All autosized values appear in green text.
Room Level:
The following information is provided for each room served by the system:
Sensible Cooling Load Peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded
the room
Latent Cooling Load Peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run as recorded
the room
area)
area) factor (%) as per the Zone Airflow Distribution table.
Heating load (also Peak value from the Room & Zone Loads run for the room
area)
area) factor (%) as per the Zone Airflow Distribution table
6.4 Space Conditioning Loads Reports

The space conditioning loads reports show the breakdown of a system at three different levels across a
series of single page reports. The three levels shown are
 System
 Zone
 Room
If HVAC zones do not exist in the model then this report will not be available for generation. If they exist
only for a select number of systems within the model then only the reports relevant to these systems will
contain zone level reports.
System Loads, Zone Loads, and Room Loads values in this set of three reports are taken from the System
loads analysis run at the time of the relevant peaking device or system load––i.e., normally using the same
gain profiles and diversity factors as in the full dynamic simulation, and including the influences of system
operation and controls.
These reports are thus focused on documenting contributions to system and coils loads and the differences
between design airflow rates, ventilation requirements, and temperature and the actual values for these
during the System loads analysis run with the system in operation.
The reports are split into three columns, which are further split into relevant frames within each column as
follows:
Cooling
 Cooling coil peak
This is the breakdown of all the gains and losses contributing to the peak coil load (as selected
in the report generator settings)
 System/Zone/Room peak
This is an equivalent breakdown at the system/zone/room peak time depending on the report
level
 Cooling coils and room units
This shows peak performance information of associated coils and room units relevant to the
report level
Heating
 Heating coil peak
This is the breakdown of all the gains and losses contributing to the peak coil load (as selected
in the report generator settings)
 Heating coils and room units
This shows peak performance information of associated coils and room units relevant to the
report level
Supplementary information
 Areas
Areas served by the system broken down cross all three levels
 Temperatures
System temperatures relevant to the level
 Airflow
System airflows relevant to the level
 Checks
System checks relevant to the level
The following images show an example of a system, zone and room loads report.
Figure 6-5: System Loads report page
Figure 6-6: Zone Conditioning Loads report page
Figure 6-7: Room Conditioning Loads report page
6.4.1 Cooling Coil Peak
Figure 6-8: Cooling Coil Peak section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages
This frame itemizes gains contributing to the load on a cooling coil at a peak time associated with the
peaking device as selected in the report generator settings. The name of this frame is dynamic and will
update depending on the peaking device selected.
This frame is broken down across the series of rows and columns, which are detailed as follows:
Rows (reported gain classes):
 Envelope Gains/Losses
These are the gains/losses associated with the envelope e.g. external walls, roofs, solar,
ventilation associated with the envelope, etc.
 Internal Building Gains/Losses
These the gains/losses associated with the internal structures and other gain/losses from
exchange between neighbouring elements like duct leakage, conduction and non-principle
spaces
 Internal Gains
These the gains/losses associated with internal contributions within the room/zone e.g. lights,
people, equipment
 Mechanical Gains/Losses
These are gains/losses associated with mechanical elements within the system itself
Columns:
 Zone/Room
These are the gains/losses associated with the room or zone itself (aggregated at system and
zone level as appropriate)
 RA Plenum
The RA Plenum column lists the gains/losses associated with the particular Room/Zone at hand
accruing directly to the RA Plenum (or a portion of such gains where the plenum is shared).
These gains include, for example, Lighting Gains fraction to plenum for lights in that particular
Room/Zone, Supply Air Leakage and Duct Heat Gain/Loss
 Net Value
These are the gains/losses that directly contribute to the coil load and in most cases are a sum
of the system/zone/room column and the plenum column. However, there are exceptions,
which will be detailed below.
 Percent of total
Displays, for each row, the value in the adjacent ‘Net Value’ column expressed as a percentage
of the total appearing at the bottom of that column (or a dash if the ‘Net Value’ column contains
a dash).
Where appropriate the room level gains/losses are aggregated to zone level and to system level.
The peak time of the selected peaking device is shown at the top of this frame along with the outside air
dry bulb (DB), outside air wet bulb (WB) and the outside air relative humidity (RH) at that time.
Envelope Gains/Losses:
External Walls Conduction gain - external wall from the .clg file
Roofs Conduction gain – roof from the .clg file
Ground/Exposed Floors Conduction gain - ground floor from the .clg file
External Doors Conduction gain – external doors from the .clg file
Windows Conduction Conduction gain - external glazing from the .clg file
Skylight Conduction Conduction gain – rooflights from the .clg file
Solar Solar gain from the .clg file
Infiltration Infiltration gain from the .clg file
Nat/Aux Vent Natural vent gain + Aux mech vent gain from the .clg file
Internal Building Gains/Losses:

Internal Walls/ Openings Conduction gain - internal wall + Conduction gain -
internal door + Conduction gain - internal glazed from the
.clg file
Internal Floors/Air/Furn. Conduction gain – floor + Air & furniture dynamic gain
from the .clg file
Ceilings Conduction gain – ceiling from the .clg file
Duct Conduction Duct conduction gain from the .clg file. This contributes to
the Net Total column. If the duct is contained within the
same control volume (i.e., within the subject conditioned
space), the space gain will be cancelled by an equal loss
reported on the SA Duct (conduction) line in mechanical
gains/losses
Duct Leakage† Duct leakage sensible gain from the .clg file. This reports
the gain to subject space in Room/Zone column and gain
to RA Plenum serving the subject space in the RA Plenum
column where appropriate depending on the leakage
configuration in the HVAC file.
As designated by the dagger, duct Leakage gain does not
contribute to the Net Value column because it is either
internal to the control volume or already included in the
ventilation gain terms.
Note: not to be confused with ‘SA Duct Leakage’ in
Mechanical Gains/Losses section.
Non-Principal Spaces This is the sensible gains (other than mechanical
ventilation gains) to voids and zones/rooms other than
principal zones/rooms and their associated plenums.
Calculated from the flowrate into and the temperature
across the non-principle space. Any duct leakage sensible
gain is deducted from this figure
Internal Gains:
Lights Lighting gain from the .clg file
People People gain from the .clg file
Misc,Computers,Equip Equipment gain from the .clg file
The budget method makes use of known quantities to determine unknown ones in air flow networks. It
describes a system as a control volume which has inlets and outlets. Net mass flow into a control volume is
zero (that is, outflow is balanced with inflow). Heat flowing into and out of a control volume is tracked by
noting the inlet and outlet temperatures. In addition to the heat flowing into and out of the control volume,
all gains are tracked within the volume. Unknown gains can be determined via difference based upon these
known heat flows.
Mechanical Gains/Losses:
Ventilation (sensible) This is the net sensible heat added to the system by
mechanical ventilation.
At zone level it is apportioned to the zone based on the

proportion of sensible gains in the multiplex layer (all
envelope, internal, non-principle, mechanical and the
subject coil if it’s in the multiplex) compared to the sum of
the gains for all layers.
At room level it is apportioned based on the airflow

percentages from the Zone Airflow Distribution table
(ZAD).
Transfer Air† This is the gain attributable to the intake of air drawn from
other spaces. As designated by the dagger symbol (†),
Transfer Air is not reported in the Net Value column, as it
is moving air and thus loads around within the scope of
the peaking system coil loads.
The contribution is calculated from the transfer air

parameters (flow, transfer air temperature and room
cooling setpoint) set in the relevant layer of the relevant
system.
SA Duct Leakage† This is the gain attributable to the additional load resulting
from air leakage from supply ducts. As designated by the
dagger, this is not reported in the Net Value column. If the
peaking device is at zone or room level this parameter is
not reported as contribution to supply air is assumed to be
upstream of the zone coil.
The contribution is calculated from the leakage

parameters (leakage %, flow, supply air temperature and
room cooling setpoint) set in the relevant layer of the
relevant system.
Fans This is the heat gain from fans i.e. sensible gains from
fans in the zone/room multiplex layer, plus a portion of
gains from fans at system level all apportioned and
aggregated.
The contribution is calculated from the fan parameters i.e.

flow and temperature difference across the fan.
SA Duct (conduction) This is the conduction heat gain to ducts (and thus to
supply air on route to the subject space). This gain
represents a transfer of heat to the system from a space
(possibly the exterior space). If that space is in the same
system, or the same zone, it will be balanced in the
system or zone account by an equal loss from that space
(part of the space’s ‘Duct conduction’ gain, see above). If
the space is exterior or in a different system, the gain
constitutes a net gain to the control volume.
The sensible gain is calculated from the temperature

difference across the duct component and the mass flow
entering it, as leakage is assumed to occur at the duct
outlet.
Supply Air Plenum This is the sensible gain to the supply air plenum if one
exists.
The gain is calculated from flow and temperature

difference characteristics (accounting for the duct
conduction gain) as well as accounting for any leakage.
Room Units, Coils, etc. Sensible gain from eligible components, other than the
peaking device, in the zone/room multiplex layer, plus a
portion of gains from components at the system level all
apportioned and aggregated.
Eligible components are room units, Monodraught heater

batteries, heating and cooling coils, Colorcoat Renew
solar collectors, spray humidifiers (negative gain) and
steam humidifiers (positive gain) and ducts.
Latent Cooling The latent load on the cooling coil, taken the component
output variable in the .clg file
Dehumid Oversizing† This parameter is intended to report the additional coil
capacity resulting specifically from the cooling of the
supply air, as driven by system or zone setpoints for max
RH, to a temperature below the SAT required for sensible
space cooling, which is then followed immediately by
reheating of the supply airflow to the SAT for space
cooling. This added capacity for dehum followed by reheat
(which may be accomplished by a heat pipe, runaround
coil, or similar means between the AHU cooling and
heating coils, with the heating coil as backup) is required
to avoid overcooling any space already at min airflow as
an unintended consequence of controlling humidity.
This should not be confused with the Latent Cooling

parameter above. This is essentially AHU reheat load
(reheat by AHU heating coil or other device immediately
after the AHU cooling coil). This should be permitted only
for sub-cooling the supply air to satisfy dehumidification
requirements, as it would otherwise be a pointless waste
of cooling and heating energy.
As designated by the dagger, this is not reported in the

Net Value column.
In the case of plenums, for a principal room (in a Room Loads Report) or a principal zone (in a Zone Loads
Report) which has a dedicated RA plenum in the same multiplex layer, the ‘RA Plenum’ column lists, in each
row, the total gain to the RA plenum.
For a room which forms part of a zone with a dedicated RA plenum in the same multiplex layer, the ‘RA
Plenum’ column lists, in each row, a portion of the total gain to the RA plenum. In this case the gain is
distributed among the rooms for reporting purposes in the usual proportions (based on air supply to the
rooms), with the exception that any lighting gain via light fittings is apportioned to the room from which it
originates.
For a principal room (in a Room Loads Report) or a principal zone (in a Zone Loads Report) which shares an
RA plenum with other principal rooms or zones in the same multiplex the gains are distributed as per the
apportioning logic for the room/zone column.
For a System Report, the RA Plenum column lists the total gains accruing directly to RA Plenums associated
with all principal rooms or zones in the system.
Note: any spaces - including RA plenums – that are not in a multiplex do not generate gains in the ‘RA
Plenum’ column. Their gains contribute to ‘Non-Principal Spaces’ gains for the air handling system.
6.4.2 Cooling System/Zone/Room Peak
Figure 6-9: Cooling System/Zone/Room Peak section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages
This section is headed ‘Room Peak’ in Room Loads Reports, ‘Zone Peak’ in Zone Loads Reports and ‘System
Peak’ in System Loads Reports. It itemizes gains (reported gain classes) to a room or zone (or a set of rooms
or zones in the case of a System Loads Report) at the time of peak room cooling. This is defined as when
the variable ‘Space conditioning sensible’ for the subject room (or in the case of Zone and System Loads
Reports multiple rooms or zones) totaled over all the relevant rooms or zones, is at its maximum negative
value.
The derivations of entries in this part of the report (under the column headings ‘Room’ and ‘Percent of
Total’) follow the same procedures as those in the ‘... COOLING ... PEAK’ section, with the following
exceptions:
 Mechanical Gains/Losses – these do not apply and are reported as dashes (–).
 Values in the ‘Percent of Total’ column refer to the adjacent values in the ‘(Sensible)’ column.
6.4.3 Heating Coil Peak
Figure 6-10: Heating Coil Peak section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages
This section itemizes gains (reported gain classes) contributing to the load on a heating coil or other heating
device at a peak time specified in the report generator settings. As with the cooing coil peak, this determines
the wording of the header.
The derivations of entries in this part of the report (under the headings ‘Room’ (or ‘Zone’) ‘RA Plenum’ and
‘Net Total’) follow the same procedures as those in the cooling coil peak section, with the following
exceptions:
 Inputs are taken from the .htn file rather than the .clg file.
 So long as the ‘Default’ box is checked in the Heating Loads section of the ASHRAE Loads dialog,
the ‘Time of peak’ on the report shall display ‘Heating Design’.
 Setpoints are used in the calculation of some of the mechanical gains/losses, in this case these
are heating setpoints rather than cooling setpoints.
 The rows for Latent Cooling Load and Dehumid Oversizing are not relevant and therefore are
omitted
6.4.4 Cooling Coils and Room Units
Figure 6-11: Cooling Coils and Room Units section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages
This frame shows the design values for the cooling coils and cooling room units in the system. Devices at
system level are shown on the system report and their proportional contribution at zone and room level
are shown on those reports. Devices at zone level are shown on the zone report and their proportional
contribution at room level is shown on the room level report.
The following cooling devices are reported:
 System cooling coil
 Ventilation cooling coil
 Indirect and direct evaporative cooling
 FCU, FPB or Active beam
 Room units. In this case only the capacity and entering/leaving water temperatures are shown
The oversizing toggle affects the capacities displayed in this frame and a note directly under the frame
indicates if oversizing has been included or not.
Total Capacity This is the total capacity taken from the .asp file. In the
case of evaporative cooling this is calculated from
conditions in the .clg file
Sensible Capacity This is the sensible capacity. The proportion of total to
sensible is obtained from the .clg file and this is then
applied to the total from the .asp to get the design
sensible capacity
Airflow This is the airflow from the .asp file. When the .asp is not
a valid source it is taken from the .clg file
Entering DB/WB/RH This is the entering conditions from the .asp file. When the
.asp is not a valid source the values are taken from the
.clg file
Leaving DB/WB/RH This is the leaving conditions from the .asp file. When the
.clg file
6.4.5 Heating Coils and Room Units
Figure 6-12: Heating Coils and Room Units section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages
This frame shows the design values for the heating coils and heating room units in the system. Devices at
system level are shown on the system report and their proportional contribution at zone and room level
are shown on those reports. Devices at zone level are shown on the zone report and their proportional
contribution at room level is shown on the room level report.
The following heating devices are reported:
 System heating coil
 Ventilation heating coil
 Pre-heat coil
 Re-heat coil
 FCU, FPB or Active beam
 Room units. In this case only the capacity and entering/leaving water temperatures are shown
The oversizing toggle affects the capacities displayed in this frame and the same note referenced in the
cooling coil and room units frame indicates if oversizing has been included or not.

Total Capacity This is the total capacity taken from the .asp file
Airflow This is the airflow from the .asp file. When the .asp is not
a valid source it is taken from the .htn file
Entering DB This is the entering dry bulb from the .asp file. When the
.htn file
Leaving DB This is the leaving dry bulb from the .asp file. When the
.htn file
6.4.6 Areas
Figure 6-13: Areas section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages
This frame details the gross surface areas of the zones or rooms served by the system. These are then
summed to give the areas at system level. The frame also outlines the glazing area in the relevant surfaces
and shows this as a percentage.
Wall External wall area + external glazing area (excluding doors
and holes)
External glass area in associated wall as area and

percentage of gross wall area
Roof External roof area + external skylight area (excluding holes)
External skylight area in associated roof as area and

percentage of gross roof area
External Floor Area of ground and exposed floors
Door External door area
Partition/Door Internal vertical partition and door area (including glazing &
holes)
Internal Ceiling Internal ceiling area
Internal Floor Internal floor area
6.4.7 Temperatures
Figure 6-14: Temperatures section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages
This frame reports relevant temperatures at system, zone and room level. The parameters change
depending on the reporting level.
System level:
Note, where appropriate the data source is at the time of peak system cooling and heating loads,
respectively (coincident peak value for all zones on the system).

Supply air (design) This is the system level design temperature and is
obtained from the systems parameters UI for heating and
cooling as follows:
 If a Packaged terminal unit or single zone this is

taken from the ‘Zone loads & airflows tab’ (cooling
and heating design zone air temperatures)
 If a non-DOAS system this is taken from the
System Parameters dialog in SP. (Cooling -
‘System min SAT for space cooling & vent
tempering’, Heating - ‘Heating mode max SAT’)
 If DOAS then it references ‘DOAS ventilation air
tempering max SAT (subject to SAT reset) for
cooling and ‘DOAS ventilation air tempering min
SAT’ for heating.
Supply air (actual) The actual system supply temperature is obtained from the
.clg and .htn respectively. This is determined by querying
the following nodes:
 Packaged and single zone systems: node entering

the room/zone
 All other system: node just before the multiplex
boundary
Return air (actual) The actual system return temperature is obtained from the
.clg and .htn respectively. This is determined by querying
the following nodes:
 Packaged and single zone systems: node leaving

the room/zone
 All other system: node to the RHS of the RA
damper
Plenum (actual) Not applicable at system level therefore is shown as a
dash (-)
Mixed air (actual) The actual system mixing temperature is taken from the
.clg and .htn and references the mixing damper outlet
node.
Fan Motor Temp Rise This is the temperature rise due to the motor and is given
(dT) by:
𝑄𝐹 (𝑉)(1−𝜂𝑀 (𝑉))
Δ𝑇𝑀 = 𝜂𝑀 (𝑉)𝜌𝑉𝑐𝑝
Where,
𝑄𝐹 (𝑉) - is the total fan power at time of peak flowrate 𝑉.
𝜂𝑀 (𝑉) - is the motor efficiency at peak flow rate 𝑉,
𝜌 and 𝑐𝑝 - are the reference air density and specific heat

capacity of air respectively
Fan Blade Temp Rise This is the heat rise due to the fan (everything that isn’t
(dT) the motor and the drive mechanism) and is given by:
Δ𝑇𝐹 = Δ𝑇 − Δ𝑇𝑀 .
Where - Δ𝑇ΔTF is determined by querying the node either

side of the system level fan
Fan Configuration This is determined based on the relative location of the
system cooling coil and the supply fan, see section Error!
eference source not found. for further information
Zone level:
Note, where appropriate the data source is at the time of peak zone cooling and heating loads, respectively
(coincident peak value for all rooms in each zone).
Supply air (design) This is the zone level design temperature and is obtained
zone air temperatures)
Supply air (actual) The actual zone supply temperature is obtained from the
.clg and .htn. This is determined by querying the node
entering the zone
Return air (actual) The actual zone return temperature is obtained from the
leaving the zone
Plenum (actual) This is the actual plenum temperature obtained from the
directly downstream of the plenum component
Mixed air (actual) Same as the system mixing temperature
Zone Fan Temp Rise (dT) This parameter is shown only when there is a zone-level
fan, such as in a fan-coil unit or FPB.
At zone level the reports show the complete fan temp rise
which is obtained from the .clg and .htn file
Room level:
Note, where appropriate the data source is at the time of peak room cooling and heating loads, respectively.
Supply air (design) This is the room level design temperature and is obtained
from the systems parameters UI for heating and cooling
zone air temperatures). Note that for rooms in zones, this
is the same for each room.
Supply air (actual) The actual room supply temperature is obtained from the
entering the room. Note that for rooms in zones, this is the
same for each room.
Room Setpoint (design) This is obtained from the ‘Systems Schedules and
Setpoints’ dialog
Room throttling range This is currently blank (not reported) and may be included
in future versions
Room (actual) The room temperature is obtained from the .clg and .htn
Return air (actual) The actual room return temperature is obtained from the
leaving the room. Note that for rooms in zones, this is the
same for each room.
Plenum (actual) This is the actual plenum temperature obtained from the
directly downstream of the plenum component. Note that
for rooms in zones, this is the same for each room.
Mixed air (actual) Same as the system mixing temperature
Zone Fan Temp Rise (dT) This parameter is shown only when there is a room-level
fan, such as in a fan-coil unit or FPB.
This is not applicable for rooms in zones and is therefore

a dash (-). At room level the reports show the complete
fan temp rise which is obtained from the .clg and .htn file.
6.4.8 Airflow
Figure 6-15: Airflow section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages
This frame reports relevant airflows at system, zone and room level. The parameters change depending on
the reporting level.
System level:
Note, where appropriate the data source is at the time of peak system cooling and heating loads,
respectively (coincident peak value for all zones on the system).

Supply (design) This is the system level design airflow and is obtained
(‘Zone loads & Supply Airflows tab’ for package and single
zone systems or ‘System supply fan design flow rate,
Vpsd’ for all other systems)
Supply (actual) The actual system supply airflow is obtained from the .clg
and .htn respectively. This is determined by querying the
following nodes:
 Packaged and single zone systems: node entering

the room/zone
 All other systems: node just before the multiplex
boundary
These will normally be coincident with the time system-

level coincident peak cooling and heating loads for all
zones, respectively. There are certain cases for particular
systems, control schemes, and climates, however,
wherein the greatest system airflow in either Cooling or
Heating mode will be required at a point in time that does
not coincide with the peak loads for one or both of these
operating modes. The reported values will always be the
maximum airflow recorded during the Cooling and Heating
design sizing runs, respectively, regardless of coincidence
with peak loads
Reheat Minimum This is the minimum primary airflow for each zone,
(design) obtained from the system parameters UI, summed to get
the system value
Leakage at Design Flow This is the zone leakage airflow, which is obtained by
multiplying the percentage leakage by the zone supply
design flow and summed to get the system value. If the
leakage occurs at system level then this is calculated with
system values.
Return (actual) The actual system return airflow is obtained from the .clg
and .htn respectively. This is determined by querying the
following nodes:
 Packaged and single zone systems: node leaving

the room/zone
 All other system: node to the RHS of the RA
damper
Exhaust and Relief This is the flow out of all the system outlets summed
(actual)
Ventilation (requirement) This is the system ventilation requirement and is taken
from the System Parameters dialog (‘System minimum
outdoor air intake, ‘Vot/make-up’)
Ventilation (actual) This is the actual system ventilation and is obtained from
the .clg and .htn respectively. The source of this data
varies depending on the system configuration i.e.
 DOAS - Heat recovery bypass damper outlet if

present, else the system air inlet
 Package terminal unit and single zone - Multiplex
boundary node for incoming outdoor air supply.
The ‘system’ in this case is the same as the zone.
There may not be an actual ‘inlet’ component if the
user has coupled the PTAC/PTHP inlet to another
system
 Mixing Systems - Flow rate at heat recovery
bypass damper outlet if present, else OA
Economizer damper inlet if present
Note that a flag has been provided to indicate DCV. This

uses dynamic text to append ‘– DCV’ to the ‘Ventilation
(actual)’ label, so that this would read ‘Ventilation (actual)
– DCV’ for any system with DCV
Infiltration The infiltration rate for all room/zones is obtained from the
.clg and .htn and summed to give the system level value
Zone level:
Note, where appropriate the data source is at the time of peak zone cooling and heating loads, respectively
(coincident peak value for all rooms in each zone)
Supply (design) This is the zone level design airflow and is obtained from
Supply (actual) This is the actual system supply airflow into the zone and
is obtained from the .clg and .htn. This is determined by
querying the node entering the zone
Reheat Minimum This is the minimum primary airflow for the zone, obtained
Leakage at Design Flow This is the zone leakage airflow and is obtained by
flow
Return (actual) This is the actual zone return airflow and is obtained from
the .clg and .htn. This is determined by querying the node
leaving the zone
Exhaust (actual) This is the flow on the zone exhaust path obtained from
the .clg and .htn respectively
Ventilation (requirement) This is the zone ventilation requirement and is taken from
Ventilation & Exhaust’ tab)
Ventilation (actual) This is the actual zone ventilation and is obtained from the
.clg and .htn respectively. The source of this data varies
depending on the system configuration i.e.
 DOAS - Flow at node for controller with ‘DOAS

Vent Airflow’ or ‘DOAS Vent Airflow CAV/DCV’ link
 Package terminal unit and single zone - Flow rate
at multiplex boundary node for incoming outdoor
air supply. This may not be an actual ‘inlet’
component if the user has coupled the
PTAC/PTHP inlet to another system
 Mixing Systems - Flow is determined by
determining the system OA fraction (OA flow rate
system level divided by total system supply flow
rate). This is then multiplied by the zone supply
(actual) peak airflow to get the ventilation actual
flow to the zone
Note that a flag has been provided to indicate DCV. This

uses dynamic text to append ‘– DCV’ to the ‘Ventilation
(actual)’ label, so that this would read ‘Ventilation (actual)
– DCV’ for any system with DCV
Infiltration This is the infiltration rate for the zone and is obtained
from the .clg and .htn
Room level:
Note, where appropriate the data source is at the time of peak room cooling and heating loads, respectively.
In addition, for rooms in zones the zone flow is distributed among the rooms as per the proportioning in
the zone airflow distribution table (ZAD)
Supply (design) This is the room level design airflow and is obtained from
Supply (actual) This is the actual system supply airflow into the room and
is obtained from the .clg and .htn. This is determined by
querying the node entering the room
Reheat Minimum This is the minimum primary airflow for the room, obtained
Leakage at Design Flow This is the room leakage airflow and is obtained by
flow.
Return (actual) This is the actual room return airflow and is obtained from
the .clg and .htn. This is determined by querying the node
leaving the room
Exhaust (actual) This is the flow on the room exhaust path obtained from
the .clg and .htn respectively
Ventilation (requirement) This is the room ventilation requirement and is taken from
Ventilation & Exhaust’ tab).
Ventilation (actual) This is the actual room ventilation and is obtained from
the .clg and .htn respectively. The source of this is the
same as for zones.
Infiltration This is the infiltration rate for the room and is obtained
from the .clg and .htn
6.4.9 Checks
Figure 6-16: Checks section of System, Zone, and Loads report pages
This frame provides a series of engineering checks, which can be used to verify performance at system,
zone and room level. Most of these checks already exist in the system parameters UI and are sourced from
there.

Number of people Sourced from the system parameters UI for each zone and
summed to get the value at system level. (Zone airflow,
turndown & engineering checks tab).
In the case of rooms within zones the value is taken directly

from the room.
ft2/person Sourced from the system parameters UI for each zone (Zone
airflow, turndown & engineering checks tab). This data is then
used to calculate system level value.
In the case of rooms within zones the value is calculated

directly from room parameters (room floor area and peak
occupancy)
Btu/hr.ft2 – Cooling Sourced from the system parameters UI for each zone (Zone
& Heating airflow, turndown & engineering checks tab). This data is then

directly from room parameters (room load from the Zone
Airflow Distribution table (ZAD) and room floor area)
ft2/ton – Cooling & Sourced from the system parameters UI for each zone (Zone
Heating airflow, turndown & engineering checks tab). This data is then
In the case of rooms within zones the value is calculated directly

from room parameters (room load from the Zone Airflow
Distribution table (ZAD) and room floor area)
cfm/ft2 – Cooling & Sourced from the system parameters UI for each zone (Zone
Heating airflow, turndown & engineering checks tab). This data is then

directly from room parameters (room airflow from the Zone
Airflow Distribution table (ZAD) and room floor area)
% Outdoor Air - Sourced from the system parameters UI for both zone and
Cooling & Heating system level (Zone airflow, turndown & engineering checks tab).
At room level the necessary parameters required to calculate %

outdoor air are taken from the Zone Airflow Distribution table
(ZAD) (ventilation and room airflow)
Outdoor air cfm/ft2 Sourced from the system parameters UI for system level (Zone
airflow, turndown & engineering checks tab).
At zone and room level the outdoor air flow is taken from the
Zone Airflow Distribution table (ZAD) (ventilation airflow) and
along with floor area is used to calculate the required values.
Outdoor air Sourced from the system parameters UI for system level (Zone
cfm/person airflow, turndown & engineering checks tab).
At zone and room level the outdoor air flow is taken from the
Zone Airflow Distribution table (ZAD) (ventilation airflow) and
along with No. of people is used to calculate the required values.
Peak latent Load This value is determined based on the peak Latent Load at the
(Btu/h) system cooling coil (independent of the overall cooling coil
peak) and is distributed out to the zone and room as per the
proportioning in the Zone Airflow Distribution table (ZAD)

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ApacheHVAC User Guide

Part F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools

Copyright © 2017 Integrated Environmental Solutions Limited. All rights reserved.

VE 2016 ApacheHVAC User Guide part A: Overview and fundamentals i

VE 2016 ApacheHVAC User Guide part A: Overview and fundamentals ii

VE 2016 ApacheHVAC User Guide part A: Overview and fundamentals iii

A: Overview and Fundamentals

B: Equipment, Loops, Components, and Controls

C: Working with Prototype HVAC Networks

D: System Parameters Interface for HVAC Networks

F: Loads Analysis and Reporting Tools

Appendix A: Rules for Air Flow Specification

 Inclusion of internal gains

2.1 Internal Gain Inclusion and Saturation

The following options are available:

 System occupied hours

2.2 Diversity Factors

2.3 Design Day Profiles

3.1 Duct Leakage

 Fan is downstream of cooling coil = Draw-Through configuration

4.1 Select results file

4.2 Select report sections to generate

 Project and Climate

 Space loads and ventilation

 Project and Climate

 Space loads and ventilation

 Zone conditioning loads

 Room conditioning loads

4.3 Report generator settings

4.3.1 Select report sections to generate

 Plant loops & equipment

 System, Zone conditioning and Room conditioning loads

4.4 HTML Reports

 Space Loads and Ventilation

 Zone Loads Report

 Room Loads Report

5.1 Project and Climate

Figure 5-1: Project and Climate report page

Data label Data source

Cooling Calculation Data:

Project Loads Summary Data:

5.2 Space Loads and Ventilation

Figure 5-2: Space Loads and Ventilation report page

5.3 Zone and Room Loads Reports

Internal Building Gains/Losses:

5.3.3 Cooling Summary

Data label Data source

5.3.5 Areas & Thermal Transmittance

Data label Data source

External glass area in associated wall as area and

External skylight area in associated roof as area and

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Data label Data source

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