Project Report On

IOT BASED SMART FIRE EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
BCA
by
SARANYA P 16BCA0103
SUMA Y M 16BCA0126

Under the guidance of

Prof Shanthi k

SITE

Vit,vellore

School of Information Technology and Engineering

MARCH 2019
DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “IOT BASED SMART FIRE
EMERGENCY SYSTEM” submitted by me, for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Computer Application (BCA) VIT is a record of bonafide work carried out by me under
the supervision of Prof. SANTHI K

I further declare that the work reported in this thesis has not been submitted and will
not be submitted, either in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or diploma in
this institute or any other institute or university.

Place: Vellore
Date: 11/04/2019 Signature of the Candidate
DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “IOT BASED SMART FIRE
EMERGENCY SYSTEM” submitted by me, for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Computer Application (BCA) VIT is a record of bonafide work carried out by me under
the supervision of Prof. SANTHI K

I further declare that the work reported in this thesis has not been submitted and will
not be submitted, either in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or diploma in
this institute or any other institute or university.

Place: Vellore
Date: 11/04/2019 Signature of the Candidate
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “IOT BASED SMART FIRE
EMERGENCY SYSTEM” submitted by SARANYA P(16BCA0103),
SUMA YM(16BCA0126), SCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND
ENGINEERING, VIT, for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Computer Application
(BCA) is a record of bonafide work carried out by him/her under my supervision.

The contents of this report have not been submitted and will not be submitted
either in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or diploma in this institute
or any other institute or university. The Project report fulfils the requirements and
regulations of VIT and in my opinion meets the necessary standards for submission.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD

Internal Examiner External Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my pleasure to express with deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Santhi K, Assistant

Professor (Senior), SITE, Vellore Institute of Technology, she constant guidance,
continual encouragement and understanding; more than all, he taught me patience in
my endeavour. My association with he is not confined to academics only, but it is a
great opportunity on my part of work with an intellectual and expert in the field of
computer science.
I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. G. Viswanathan, G.V. Selvam, Dr.
AnandA. Samuel, Dr. S. Narayanan, Balakrushna Tripathy,School of Information
Technology and Engineering, for providing with an environment to work in and for
his inspiration during the tenure of the course.
In jubilant mood I express ingeniously my whole-hearted thanks toProf.Ramkumar
T,Head Department of Computer Applications and Creative Media and Associate
Professor, all teaching staff and members working as limbs of our university for their
not-self-centred enthusiasm coupled with timely encouragements showered on me with
zeal, which prompted the acquirement of the requisite knowledge to finalize my course
study successfully. I would like to thank my parents for their support.
It is indeed a pleasure to thank my friends who persuaded and encouraged me to take
up and complete this task. At last but not least, I express my gratitude and
appreciation to all those who have helped me directly or indirectly toward the
successful completion of this project.

Name of the student

Place: Vellore
Date:05/03/2019
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
The smart fire emergency response system reduce the loss in terms of life, cost… when
the fire accidents occurs this system specifies the time and location using to address the
problems in times of fire. In this project ,we will work with a flame sensor, Raspberry
Pi, Arduino, GPS (Global Positioning System) to intimate the occurrence of fire and
its location through a text message to Fire station and owner of the house. In this
project the flame sensor detects the fire and it activates the GPS which finds the
current location of fire accident area. The location is stored in the cloud and activating
message is send to the destination point by the GSM module. So that we can reduce the
cost and we can save the human life before getting more damage. In generic cases we
all find that fire accident known when half or more lost is happened, so we can reduce
this all by this project.The thesis consists of various chapters in which it defines how
the complete system works. Introduction to the IOT, WSN technologies and the
background is given in chapter one. The chapter two consists of the proposed system
and its goals. Following the chapter three, it has the technical specification of the
project. The various sectors of the project such as design, coding, result,
implementations are put under chapters four, five, six and seven. Finally ended with
references .
 CONTENTS Page
No.
Acknowledgement i

Executive Summary ii

Table of Contents ii

List of Figures ix

List of Tables xiv

Abbreviations xvi

Symbols and Notations xix

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Objective

1.3 Motivation

1.4 Background

1.5 Literature Survey

1.6 Literature Overview

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND GOALS 3

3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 3

4 DESIGN APPROACH AND DETAILS (as applicable) .

4.1 Design Approach / Materials & Methods .

4.2 Codes and Standards .

5 SCHEDULE, TASKS AND MILESTONES .

6 PROJECT DEMONSTRATION .

7 COST ANALYSIS / RESULT & DISCUSSION (as applicable) .

8 SUMMARY
9. REFERENCE
List of Figures

Figure No. Title Page No.

2.1 Figure caption 13
2.2 Figure caption 15

(In the chapters, figure caption should come below the figure and table caption should come above the table. Figure
and table captions should be of font size 10.)
List of Tables

Table No. Title Page No.

1.4 LITERATURE SURVEY 28

X.X SAMPLE FORECASTING TABLE

List of Abbreviations

GPS Global Positioning System

WCM Wireless Communication Modules

WSN Wireless Sensor Network

VCC Voltage collector to collector

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction:
The “Internet of Things” (IoT) may sound complex, but in actuality, is a fairly simple
concept to understand. On a very high level, IoT is the ability for things that contain
embedded technologies to sense, communicate, interact, and collaborate with other
things, thus creating a network of physical objects. In recent years this concept has
gained enormous momentum, and is now one of the most talked about things in the
world of technology today. At this rapid rate of growth, it is projected that there will be
approximately 26 billion connected devices by 2020. Internet of Things applications can
be found in every industry with a diversity of application for smart homes, smart
buildings, travel and transportation, health and personal care, retail, agriculture,
construction etc. The industrial Internet of Things revolves around automation and
logistics.
Increasingly we will see Internet of Things creating smarter solutions,
programmatically adjusting to the human behaviour. The driving forces are efficiency
and convenience. There are still some barriers to adoption however, for example
battery life of devices and cost of devices.
GSM and 4G networks are used more and more for IoT applications and
new advancements recently made in the network software and device stack will greatly
improve on these aspects. Finding the right ideas and business model, how to go to
market and secure ROI for Internet of Things applications are the most critical issues
to solve for most companies in the coming years.
The original goal of the Raspberry Pi (Rpi) was to get inexpensive
computers into the hands of kids, so they could tinker and learn to code. Since its
inception it has been picked up by engineers, designers, and everybody in between. But
did they succeed at their original goal? I’ve been unable to find solid figures on the
number of RP is finding their way into schools and the hands of children, however they
have now sold over five million, so presumably at least some of these are reaching the
intended market. I do think it’s very important that children get their hands on RP is,
and here’s the reason why.
When my family got our first computer it was something we all used,
and was in the lounge, and later the dining room. It wasn’t something you messed
around with —if the computer was put out of comission through a hack gone wrong, it
would’ve meant my sister couldn’t have done her homework for example.
The computer was an appliance. You used it, but certainly didn’t
experiment with it. A flame sensor is an important safety feature on your gas heating
equipment. During the ignition sequence, your gas furnace enters a process where
either a spark or a hot surface igniter will ignite the gas. Once the gas is ignited, the
flame sensor produces a current of electricity. This is measured in micro amps. If the
furnace’s control board does not read the right level of micro amps, the furnace will no
longer give the system fuel to avoid an explosion.
Over time, if the flame sensor is not cleaned properly, oxidation or
carbon buildup can interfere with the flame sensor’s ability to work properly, which
can end up causing the heating system to malfunction. The way to establish if a soiled
flame sensor is causing a furnace malfunction is to take a micro amp draw reading,
which an expert furnace technician can give you.
If a dirty flame sensor is the guilty party, the furnace expert will clean the sensor with
steel wool. If dirt was the only factor, we will see a notably higher amp reading. If the
reading shows no change, the technician will carry on with the heating equipment
repair diagnostic process.
1.2 OBJECTIVE
The device used for monitoring the fire when occurred in homes and apartments and
provide precautions and alert the house holder and fire station nearby. The system
divided into main system called raspberry pi and sub system called GPS module and
fire detecting sensors.it alerts the house holder and nearby police station through an
SMS containing the location where the fire has occur. The putty software act has as a
intermediary between hardware devices .
The user may get the information through Twilio app. Twilio allows software
developers to programmatically make and receive phone calls and send and receive text
messages using its web service APIs. This device can be developed with minimal cost.
This can be placed in home, market, hotel , industry ,apartments ,schools college and
other places were wireless monitoring of fire detecting and monitoring is needed. This
system is most useful in the places where mass fire occurs and can be altered to monitor
other types of disaster which caused by fire.

1.3MOTIVATION:
The project proposed here is basically attracted , when at the time of fire named
BAWANA and Mumbai hospital fire accident and this system works as a safety
precaution. The ultimate motivation of proposing this project is that it helps in saving
human lives and valuable things like files, money, etc. It will alert the house holder by
giving the message through twilio app.

1.4 BACKGROUND:

The background of the proposed system revolves around the existing system named fire
detection alarm which monitors and manages the various type of disaster using sensor
which has attached to the system. But the system that we are proposing is completely
advanced .it alerts the authorized person and local fire station so that people can be get
alert .
 1.5 LITERATURE SURVEY:

NO. TOOLS OR
TITLE & YEAR METHODOLOGIES SUMMARY
IOT Based Smart Raspberry pi 3 B+ This paper suggests an Internet of
1 Fire Emergency Flame detecting sensor Things(IOT)-based intelligent fire
Response System, GPS (global positioning emergency response system that can
2018 system) control
directional guidance intelligently
according to the time andlocation of a
disaster and the design of an integrated
controlsystem using wireless sensor
networks to address the
problems with existing fire emergency
response systems intimes of fire or
building collapse.

2 Efficient Smart MQ-2 sensor, In this paper, providing a quality public

Emergency Response MQ-5 sensor, safety services it is very important to
System for Hazards Flame sensor, adopt leveraged data driven emergency
Using IOT, 2018 GPS model, response system. A smart emergency
ESP32 micro controller response system for fire hazards is
designed and implemented with
required IOT standards which prioritize
the immediate rescue operations by
pushing relevant information to the
public safety managements.
This paper advocates an Internet of
3 Intelligent fire Micro contoller Things (IoT) based intelligent fire
emergency response Smoke detector emergency response system including
system, 2017 Temprature sensor WMSN, and information fusion
Image sensor technology based on
Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. This
system can detect the exact location and
status of fire and people trapped in the
building using CMOS image sensors. All
the information gathered by CMOS
image sensors will
be automatically fast processed using
DSP chips.
This paper also discusses about the
4 Internet of Things Software based requirements of user and key main
Technology for Sensors for smoke, light, issues of wireless sensor network
fire monitoring temprature and other hardware and software for monitoring
system, information. fire. It discusses in elaborate the
2017 function of each module and
implementation of that module in a
detailed way. It also discusses
application features of IoT technology
 and Wireless Sensor Network
technology for according to fire-fighting
requirements.
This paper proposes a simple tracking
5 Near Real-Time Self-organizing Software scheme of Internet of Things (IoT)
Tracking of IoT platform Router devices. On the basis of timed snapshots
Device Users (SoSpR) of IoT devices, the
movements and locations of the devices’
owners can be traced indirectly and
efficiently. To reduce the overhead
incurred by real-time tracking of
the(mobile) IoT devices, the proposed
scheme adopts quasi-real-time tracking
utilizing the LIDx protocol and its
period, and collects only a small amount
of information in each snapshot, such as,
time, remaining energy in the mobile
device, and the
type of wireless communications
interface.
1.5 Literature Overview
Modern buildings around the world have become complex and augmented. Given
the structural characteristics of modern buildings, quick evacuation using emergency
exits or evacuee guidance markers during blackouts due to fire, building collapse,
earthquakes, or aging of buildings need to be possible. This paper suggests an Internet
of Things(IoT)-based intelligent fire emergency response system that can control
directional guidance intelligently according to the time and location of a disaster and
the design of an integrated control system using wireless sensor networks to address the
problems with existing fire emergency response systems in times of fire or building
collapse.

[1] The Internet of Things pertains to connecting currently unconnected things and
people. It is the new era in transforming the existed systems to amend the cost effective
quality of services for the society. To support Smart city vision, Urban IoT design plans
exploit added value services for citizens as well as administration of the city with the
most advanced communication technologies. To make emergency response real time,
IoT enhances the way first responders and provides emergency managers with the
necessary up-to-date information and communication to make use those assets. IoT
mitigates many of the challenges to emergency response including present problems like
a weak communication network and information lag. In this paper it is proposed that
an emergency response system for fire hazards is designed by using IoT standardized
structure. To implement this proposed scheme a low-cost Espressif wi-fi module ESP-
32, Flame detection sensor, Smoke detection sensor (MQ-5), Flammable gas detection
sensor and one GPS module are used. The sensors detects the hazard and alerts the
local emergency rescue organizations like fire departments and police by sending the
hazard location to the cloud-service through which all are connected. The overall
network utilizes a light weighted data oriented publish-subscribe message protocol
MQTT services for fast and reliable communication. Thus, an intelligent integrated
system is designed with the help of IoT.

2] Internet of Things is an emerging technology having the ability to change the way we
live. In IoT vision, each and every 'thing' has the ability of talking to each other that
brings the idea of Internet of Everything in reality. Numerous IoT services can make
our daily life easier, smarter, and even safer. Using IoT in designing some special
services can make a lifesaver system. In this paper, we have presented an IoT enabled
approach that can provide emergency communication and location tracking services in
a remote car that meets an unfortunate accident or any other emergency situation.
Immediately after an accident or an emergency, the system either starts automatically
or may be triggered manually. Depending upon type of emergency (police and security,
fire and rescue, medical, or civil) it initiates communication and shares critical
information e.g. location information, a set of relevant images taken from prefixed
angles etc. with appropriate server/authority.
Provision of interactive real-time multimedia communication, real-time location
tracking etc. have also been integrated to the proposed system to monitor the exact
condition in real-time basis. The system prototype has been designed with Raspberry Pi
3 Model B and UMTS-HSDPA communication protocol.

[3] Nowadays in healthcare monitoring system it is necessary to constantly monitor the

patient’s physiological parameters. This system presents a monitoring system that has
the capability to monitor physiological parameters from patient body at every 10
seconds. A sensor node has attached on patient body to collect all the signals from the
wireless sensors and sends them to the BSN care node. The attached sensors on
patient’s body form a wireless body sensor network (WBSN) and they are able to sense
the heart rate, Temperature of surrounding. This system is mainly to detect abnormal
conditions in human body and abnormal physiological parameters. The main advantage
of this system in comparison to previous systems is to reduce the energy consumption to
prolong the network lifetime, speed up and extend the communication coverage to
increase patient quality of life.

[4] In this paper, we present a new enhancement for an emergency and disaster relief
system called Critical and Rescue Operations using Wearable Wireless sensors
networks (CROW2 ). We address the reliability challenges in setting up a wireless
autonomous communication system in order to offload data from the disaster area
(rescuers, trapped victims, civilians, media, etc.) back to a command center. The
proposed system connects deployed rescuers to extended networks and the Internet.
CROW2 is an end-to-end system that runs the recently-proposed Optimized Routing
Approach for Critical and Emergency Networks (ORACE-Net) routing protocol. The
system integrates heterogeneous wireless devices (Raspberry Pi, smart phones, sensors)
and various communicating technologies (WiFi IEEE 802.11n, Bluetooth IEEE
802.15.1) to enable end-to-end network connectivity, which is monitored by a cloud
Internet-of-Things platform
First, we present the CROW2 generic system architecture, which is adaptable to
various technologies integration at different levels (i.e., on-body, body-to-body, off-
body). Second, we implement the ORACE-Net protocol on heterogeneous devices
including Android-based smart phones and Linux-based Raspberry Pi devices. These
devices act as on-body coordinators to collect information from on-body sensors. The
collected data is then pushed to the command center thanks to multi-hop device-to-
device communication. Third, the overall CROW2 system performance is evaluated
according to relevant metrics including end-to-end link quality estimation, throughput
and end-to-end delay. As a proof-of-concept, we validate the system architecture
through deployment and extracted experimental results. Finally, we highlight motion
detection and links’ unavailability prevention based on the recorded data where the
main factors (i.e., interference and noise) that affect the performance are analyzed.
 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND GOALS

In order to overcome the drawbacks of existing system we are proposing a new system
called SMART FIRE EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM, which is more specific in
detecting fire and more importantly aimed at saving human lives and valuable things.
The proposed system detects the fire at its intial stage using a sensor called flame sensor
and gas sensor, temperature sensor . when it detects the fire it will send SMS to
authorized person and the local fire station. And it will buzzer and intimate the people
surrounded.so the people can migrate to a safer zone. When the fire has been detected
by flame sensor gps will activate, the gps has already connected with cloud. Gps will
send a latitude and longitude location to a person by using twilio service.so the
authorized person and local fire station can get alert and save lives of people.
 3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS :

 raspberry pi

 16 GB memory card

 GPS module(neo6M)

 Flame sensor

 Gas sensor

 Temperature sensor(LM35)

 Buzzer

 16*2 LCD display

 Ethernet cable(RJ45)

 USB cable

 Jumper wires

3.1.1 RASPBERRY PI(3B+):

The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ is the latest production Raspberry Pi 3 featuring a 64-

bit quad core processor running at 1.4 Ghz..This power supply can power the
Raspberry Pi 3 B+ and other USB accessories (such as most portable hard drives)
without requiring an external powered USB hub.it has onboard Bluetooth and wifi
module in it. It was developed by using python code. The OS used in raspberry pi3 b+
isRaspbian. Raspberry pi3B+ is faster .it has 1.4 GHz processor and a three times
faster gigabit Ethernet (throughput limited to ca. 300 Mbit/s by the internal USB 2.0
connection) or 2.4 / 5.

GHz dual-band Wi-Fi (100 Mbit / s).it also provide Power over Ethernet (PoE), USB
boot and network boot.it all function mainting in 16gb memory card.
The Raspberry Pi device looks like a MOTHERBOARD with the mounted chips and
ports exposed something you'd expect to see only if you opened up your computer and
 looked at its internal boards, but it has all the components you need to connect input,
output, and storage devices and start computing.

Fig 3.1.1 Raspberry Pi 3

The Raspberry Pi measures roughly 3.4 inches by 2.1 inches (8.6 centimeters by 5.3
centimeters), but it is pretty powerful for such a small device. This was made possible
by the ready availability of inexpensive and tiny processors for mobile devices, which
need to pack a decent amount of processing and multimedia capability into a small shell
with the ability to stay relatively cool and not suck power too quickly.

Like many of the earliest home computers, the device comes without peripherals or
internal storage space, and the user will have to attach input, output and storage
peripherals. At a minimum, you'll need a television or monitor for output, a keyboard
(and possibly a mouse) for input, an SD card on which to house the OS and store data, a
power supply and any necessary cables. You can add an external hard drive for
additional storage, but the SD card will still be necessary, as the OS will boot from SD
by default.

The Raspberry Pi's programmability and simplicity make it very like the computers of
yore that spawned so many programmers and system hobbyists. But unlike those
computers, this device can be used for Web surfing. The Internet will make finding
things you can do with the device much easier than back in the day. There's a user
forum on the Raspberry Pi site, and tutorials and other materials are readily available
online. Of course, either the Ethernet connector of Model B or an external WiFi device
attached via USB will be necessary to allow for network connectivity.

3.1.2 FLAME SENSOR

A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence of
a flame or fire, allowing flame detection. Responses to a detected flame depend on the
installation, but can include sounding an alarm, deactivating a fuel line (such as
a propane or a natural gas line), and activating a fire suppression system.
When used in applications such as industrial furnaces, their role is to provide
confirmation that the furnace is working properly; in these cases they take no direct
action beyond notifying the operator or control system. A flame detector can often
respond faster and more accurately than a smoke or heat detector due to the
mechanisms it uses to detect the flam

Fig 3.1.2 flame sensor

3.1.3 GPS MODULE:

GPS stands for Global Positioning System and can be used to determine position, time,
and speed if you’re travelling. We are using gps neo 6m version. It comes with an
external antenna, and does not come with header pins. The NEO-6M GPS module is
also compatible with other microcontroller boards. The NEO-6M GPS module has
four pins: VCC, RX, TX, and GND. This module has an external antenna and built-in
EEPROM. Interface: RS232 TTL , Power supply: 3V to 5V, Default baud rate 9600
bps. It gives logititude and latitude position so that it will connet to the GOOGLE map
and it is easy to find the location.

GPS technology was first used by the United States military in the 1960s and expanded
into civilian use over the next few decades. Today, GPS receivers are included in many
commercial products, such as automobiles, smartphones, exercise watches, and GIS
devices.

The GPS system includes 24 satellites deployed in space about 12,000 miles (19,300
kilometers) above the earth's surface. They orbit the earth once every 12 hours at an
extremely fast pace of roughly 7,000 miles per hour (11,200 kilometers per hour). The
satellites are evenly spread out so that four satellites are accessible via direct line-of-
sight from anywhere on the globe.

In order for a GPS device to work correctly, it must first establish a connection to the
required number of satellites. This process can take anywhere from a few seconds to a
few minutes, dependi. The NEO-6 module series is a family of stand-alone GPS
receivers featuring the high performance u-blox 6 positioning engine.

These flexible and cost effective receivers offer numerous connectivity options in a
miniature 16 x 12.2 x 2.4 mm package. Their compact architecture and power and
memory options make NEO-6 modules ideal for battery operated mobile devices with
very strict cost and space constraints.

The 50-channel u-blox 6 positioning engine boasts a Time-To-First-Fix0(TTFF) of

under 1 second. The dedicated acquisition engine, with 2 million correlators, is capable
of massive parallel time/frequency space searches ,enabling it to find satellites instantly.

Innovative design and technology suppresses jamming sources and mitigates multipath
effects, giving NEO-6 GPS receivers excellent navigation performance even in the most
challenging environments.

Specification:
1. Supply Voltag : 2.7 to 3.6V
2. Supply curren : 67 mA
3. Antenna gain: 50 dB
4. Operating temperature:-40 to 85°C
5. Antenna Type: Passive and active antenna
6. Interfaces: UART,USB,SPI,DDC
7. Sensitivity-
 Tracking & Navigation:-160 dBm
 Reacquisition:-160 dBm
Fig 3.1.3 GPS MODULE

PIN DISCRIPITION
 Vcc-Supply Voltage
 Gnd-Ground pin

TX and RX-These 2 pins acts as an UART interfng on the strength of the receiver. For
example, a car's GPS unit will typically establish a GPS connection faster than the
receiver in a watch or smartphone. Most GPS devices also use some type of location
caching to speed up GPS detection. By memorizing its previous location, a GPS device
can quickly determine
what satellites will be available the next time it scans for a GPS signal.

Hardware connections
The connections are made as follows:
 Vcc to 3.3V
 Ground to Ground
 TX to Digital pin 11
 RX to Digital pin 10

NOTE: Since GPS receivers require a relatively unobstructed path to space, GPS
technology is not ideal for indoor use. Therefore, smartphones, tablets, and other
mobile devices often use other means to determine location, such as nearby cell towers
and public Wi-Fi signals. This technology, sometimes referred to as the local positioning
system (LPS), is often used to supplement GPS when a consistent satellite connection is
unavailable.

3.1.4 GAS SENSOR:

In this project we are using MQ2 gas sensor. MQ2 is one of the commonly used gas
sensors in MQ sensor series. It is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) type Gas Sensor
also known as Chemiresistors as the detection is based upto change of resistance of the
sensing material when the Gas comes in contact with the material. Using a simple
voltage divider network, concentrations of gas can be detected.
MQ2Gas sensor works on 5V DC and draws
800Mw.Itdetect LPG, Smoke, Alcohol, Propane, Hydrogen, Methane and Carbon Mon
oxide concentrations anywhere from 200 to 10000ppm.

MQ2 GAS SENSOR MODULE:

Since MQ2 Gas Sensor is not breadboard compatible, we do recommend this handy
little breakout board. It’s very easy to use and comes with two different outputs. It not
only provides a binary indication of the presence of combustible gases but also an
analog representation of their concentration in air.
 Fig 3.1.4 gas sensor
The analog output voltage provided by the sensor changes in proportional to the
concentration of smoke/gas. The greater the gas concentration, the higher is the output
voltage; while lesser gas concentration results in low output voltage. The following
animation illustrates the relationship between gas concentration and output voltage.

Fig 1.6 working of Gas sensor

The analog signal from MQ2 Gas sensor is further fed to LM393 High Precision
Comparator (soldered on the bottom of the module), of course to digitize the signal.
Along with the comparator is a little potentiometer you can turn to adjust the sensitivity
of the sensor. You can use it to adjust the concentration of gas at which the sensor
detects it.

Working of GAS Sensor:

When tin dioxide (semiconductor particles) is heated in air at high temperature, oxygen
is adsorbed on the surface. In clean air, donor electrons in tin dioxide are attracted
toward oxygen which is adsorbed on the surface of the sensing material. This prevents
electric current flow.

In the presence of reducing gases, the surface density of adsorbed oxygen decreases as it
reacts with the reducing gases. Electrons are then released into the tin dioxide, allowing
current to flow freely through the sensor.
 Here are the complete specifications

MQ2 Gas sensor specifications

Operating voltage 5V

Load resistance 20 KΩ

Heater resistance 33Ω ± 5%

Heating consumption <800mw

Sensing Resistance 10 KΩ – 60 KΩ

Concentration Scope 200 – 10000ppm

Preheat Time Over 24 hour

3.1.5 ETHERNET CABLE:

Ethernet cables resembles a phone cable but are larger and feature more wires. Both
cables share a similar shape and plug but an Ethernet cable has eight wires and a larger
plug than the four wires found in phone cables. Ethernet cables, of course, plug
into Ethernet ports, which again, are larger than phone cable ports. An Ethernet port
on a computer is accessible through the Ethernet card on the motherboard. Ethernet
cables come in different colors but phone cables are usually just grey.
Fig 3.1.5 Ethernet cable
3.1.6 JUMPER WIRES:
Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing them to be
used to connect two points to each other without soldering.Jumper wires are typically
used with breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to make it easy to change a
circuit as needed

Fig 3.1.6 Jumper Wires

It is used for connecting the devices, and the circuits it has three types
1. Male to Male
2. Female to Female
3. Female to Male

3.1.7 BUZZER:
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, uses of buzzers and beepers include
alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or
keystroke.
Fig 3.1.7 Buzzer
3.1.8 USB CABEL:
The term USB stands for "Universal Serial Bus". USB cable assemblies are some
of the most popular cable types available, used mostly to connect computers to
peripheral devices such as cameras, camcorders, printers, scanners, and more

Fig 3.1.8 USB cable

4 .DESIGN APPROACH AND DETAILS

4.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE:

30
Fig4.1 system architecture

The smart fire emergency response system has Raspberry Pi 3 which is used as a
platform to connect sensors like flame detecting sensor,temperature and gas
sensor.

All the sensor has connected with raspberrian pi 3. If any fire occurs the flame
sensor will detect the fire and trigger the gps module that gps module has inbuild
wifi .these information can be send to the user by twiio cloud service which will
run in internet

4.2 FLOW CHAT

FLOWCHAT OF EXISTING SYSTEM

Flame buzzer
sensor

Raspberry processor
module

Flow chat of proposed system:

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IMPLEMENTATION:

The jumper standard wires from respective modules such as gps module and
flame sensor module is connected with necessary pins.
Implementation of flame module

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  The vcc pin of flame sensor module is connected with vcc input pin in
raspberry pi
 The earth pin of flame detector is connected with earth in raspberry pi i.e
pin 6
 The output pin of flame sensor is connected with GP pin with raspberry
pi

Implementation of gps module

 The vcc pin of gps module is connected with vcc input pin raspberry pi
 The earth pin of GPS module is connected with earth in raspberry pi i.e
pin 14
 The transmitter pin in the gps module is connected with receiver pin in
raspberry pi module
 The receiver pin in gps module is connected with transmitter pin in
raspberry pi module

DATABASE DESIGN:

S1

M1 S2
RASPBERRY PI
S3

FLAM CLOUD
F
E SERVER
SENSO
R

SMS ALERT NO FIRE

M1 - GPS MODULE
S1- FLAME SENSOR
S2- GAS SENSOR
S3- TEMP SENSOR SHOW LOCATION
USING GPS
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 4.3 CODES AND STANDARDS

4.3.1 RECEIVER SIDE CODING

'''
EMERGENCY FIRE ALARM WITH GPS INTERFACED IN RASPBERRY PI
'''

#---------------------------Initialize package--------------------
import serial #import serial pacakge
from time import sleep
import sys #import system package
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
#-------------------------TWILIO SERVICE--------------------------
from twilio.rest import Client

account_sid ="AC1d6331e9ae588abfa435442f25e8f83a"
auth_token ="ed4769f8d91a822c195f51d3ec4285c5"
client =Client(account_sid, auth_token)

#--------------------------Setup PINMODE--------------------------
Flame_sensor = 21

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GAS_sensor = 16

piezo = 20

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

GPIO.setup(piezo,GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.setup(Flame_sensor, GPIO.IN)

GPIO.setup(GAS_sensor, GPIO.IN)

#----------------------------GPS---------------------------------
def GPS_Info():
global NMEA_buff
global lat_in_degrees
global long_in_degrees
nmea_time = []
nmea_latitude = []
nmea_longitude = []
nmea_time = NMEA_buff[0] #extract time from GPGGA string
nmea_latitude = NMEA_buff[1] #extract latitude from GPGGA
string
nmea_longitude = NMEA_buff[3] #extract longitude from GPGGA
string

print("NMEA Time: ", nmea_time,'\n')

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 print ("NMEA Latitude:", nmea_latitude,"NMEA Longitude:",
nmea_longitude,'\n')

lat = float(nmea_latitude) #convert string into float for calculation

longi = float(nmea_longitude) #convertr string into float for
calculation

lat_in_degrees = convert_to_degrees(lat) #get latitude in degree decimal

format
long_in_degrees = convert_to_degrees(longi) #get longitude in degree
decimal format

#convert raw NMEA string into degree decimal format

def convert_to_degrees(raw_value):
decimal_value = raw_value/100.00
degrees = int(decimal_value)
mm_mmmm = (decimal_value - int(decimal_value))/0.6
position = degrees + mm_mmmm
position = "%.4f" %(position)
return position

gpgga_info = "$GPGGA,"
ser = serial.Serial ("/dev/ttyS0") #Open port with baud rate
GPGGA_buffer = 0
NMEA_buff = 0
lat_in_degrees = 0
long_in_degrees = 0

current_state = 1

36
current_state1 = 1

while True:
time.sleep(1)
current_state = GPIO.input(Flame_sensor)
current_state1 = GPIO.input(GAS_sensor)
if current_state == 0:
#print("Flame is detected")
GPIO.output(piezo,True)
time.sleep(5)
GPIO.output(piezo,False)

message = client.api.account.messages.create(
to="+918072525591",
from_="+19033001109",
body=("Flame is Detected" ',' 'http://maps.google.com/?q=' +
lat_in_degrees + ',' + long_in_degrees))

if current_state1 == 0:
#print("GAS is detected")

GPIO.output(piezo,True)
time.sleep(0.2)
GPIO.output(piezo,False)
time.sleep(0.01)

received_data = (str)(ser.readline()) #read NMEA string received

37
 GPGGA_data_available = received_data.find(gpgga_info) #check for
NMEA GPGGA string
if (GPGGA_data_available>0):
GPGGA_buffer = received_data.split("$GPGGA,",1)[1] #store data
coming after "$GPGGA," string
NMEA_buff = (GPGGA_buffer.split(',')) #store comma separated
data in buffer
GPS_Info() #get time, latitude, longitude

5. SCHEDULES, TASKS AND MILESTONES

Task name Duration Start date End date

1 Notice to proceed 0 days 03/12/18 03/12/18

2 Start project 0 days 04/12/18 04/12/18

3 Components / modules selection 5 days 11/12/18 16/12/18

4 Separate working check of modules 20 days 20/12/18 08/01/19

5 Integrating the modules 10 days 09/01/19 19/01/19

6 Designing the project model 2 days 20/01/19 22/01/19

38
7 Making project model 18 days 25/01/19 12/02/19

8 Assembling the modules in model 2 days 19/02/19 21/02/19

9 Final output checking of whole system 1 day 04/03/19 05/03/19

10 Final completed project 1 day 06/03/19 07/03/19

6 PROJECT DEMONSTION

COMPLETE SYSTEM:

39
 Fig 5.1 Complete system

40
 Fig 6.2 Master device

41
Putty software:

Putty Login page:

42
43
44
Vnc viewer:

45
46
 7. COST ANALYSIS/ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

7.1 SMS ALERT MESSAGE:

Fig 7.1 Alert message

47
7.2 GPS Location:

Fig 7.2 GPS Location

48
7.3 flame and gas detection:

49
 Fig 7.3 Flame and gas detection

8. SUMMARY

8.1 CONCLUSION
The proposed IoT- based smart fire emergency response system can reduce
casualties by determining the point of occurrence of a disaster in a building to
prevent directional confusion of the emergency lights and inappropriate
evacuation guidance. The intelligent emergency evacuation system can also aid
firefighting because it allows for a quick assessment of the exact location of the
fire by integrating the intelligent and automated evacuation system with the
central national emergency management agency.

50
It reduces casualties and the time required for evacuation by guiding evacuees
into dispersed detours that bypass the location of the fire. Future studies will
focus on expanding the applicability of this system to not only building disasters,
but also various fields such as ocean vessels and evacuation within buildings,
disaster safety through Web or mobile application services, and preventive
actions for optimal disaster recover.

51
9. REFERENCE

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282378857_IoT-
based_intelligent_for_fire_emergency_response_systems/amp [1]
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8389132 [2]
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7987600 [3]
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V4/i4/IRJET-V4I4225.pdf [4]
https://res.mdpi.com/jsan/jsan-06-00019/article_deploy/jsan-06-
00019.pdf?filename=&attachment=1 [5]

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