Project

Author Nithish M
Subject Analysis of knuckle joint
Prepared for To develop safest design for knuckle joint
First Saved Friday, April 19, 2019
Last Saved Friday, April 19, 2019
Product Version 19.2 Release
Save Project Before Solution Yes
Save Project After Solution Yes
Contents
• Units

• Model (A4)
◦ Geometry
◾ Parts
◦ Materials
◾ Structural Steel
◦ Coordinate Systems
◦ Connections
◾ Contacts
◾ Contact Regions
◦ Mesh
◾ Hex Dominant Method
◦ Transient (A5)
◾ Initial Conditions
◾ Modal (None)
◾ Analysis Settings
◾ Loads
◾ Solution (A6)
◾ Solution Information
◾ Results
◾ Stress Tool
◾ Safety Factor

• Material Data
◦ Structural Steel

Units
TABLE 1
Unit System Metric (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA) Degrees rad/s Celsius
Angle Degrees
Rotational Velocity rad/s
Temperature Celsius

Model (A4)
Geometry
TABLE 2
Model (A4) > Geometry
Object Name Geometry
State Fully Defined
Definition
 Source C:\Users\nithish gwd\Music\New folder\joint_files\dp0\SYS-1
\DM\SYS-1.agdb
Type DesignModeler
Length Unit Meters
Element Control Program Controlled
Display Style Body Color
Bounding Box
Length X 260.46 mm
Length Y 117.43 mm
Length Z 99.263 mm
Properties
Volume 4.0053e+005 mm³
Mass 3.1442 kg
Scale Factor Value 1.
Statistics
Bodies 5
Active Bodies 5
Nodes 303483
Elements 80022
Mesh Metric None
Update Options
Assign Default Material No
Basic Geometry Options
Parameters Independent
Parameter Key
Attributes Yes
Attribute Key
Named Selections Yes
Named Selection Key
Material Properties Yes
Advanced Geometry Options
Use Associativity Yes
Coordinate Systems Yes
Coordinate System Key
Reader Mode Saves Updated File No
Use Instances Yes
Smart CAD Update Yes
Compare Parts On Update No
Analysis Type 3-D
Clean Bodies On Import No
Stitch Surfaces On Import No
Decompose Disjoint Geometry Yes
Enclosure and Symmetry
Yes
Processing

TABLE 3
Model (A4) > Geometry > Parts
Object Name coller eye fork knuckle pin pin
State Meshed
Graphics Properties
Visible Yes
Transparency 1
 Definition
Suppressed No
Stiffness Behavior Flexible
Coordinate System Default Coordinate System
Reference
By Environment
Temperature
Behavior None
Material
Assignment Structural Steel
Nonlinear Effects Yes
Thermal Strain
Yes
Effects
Bounding Box
Length X 56.437 mm 134. mm 180.81 mm 56.393 mm 37.662 mm
Length Y 37.857 mm 55.435 mm 89.133 mm 117.43 mm 19.37 mm
Length Z 55.179 mm 65.03 mm 82.101 mm 99.263 mm 29.774 mm
Properties
1.2299e+005 2.055e+005
Volume 8414.9 mm³ 62775 mm³ 854.1 mm³
mm³ mm³
6.6057e-002
Mass 0.96545 kg 1.6132 kg 0.49278 kg 6.7047e-003 kg
kg
Centroid X 84.895 mm 52.065 mm 136.3 mm 84.895 mm
Centroid Y 18.033 mm 54.441 mm 54.767 mm 58.57 mm 18.033 mm
Centroid Z -36.725 mm -57.674 mm -57.087 mm -59.195 mm -36.725 mm
10.472 519.57
Moment of Inertia Ip1 211.77 kg·mm² 840.33 kg·mm² 1.092 kg·mm²
kg·mm² kg·mm²
18.735 2.0714e-002
Moment of Inertia Ip2 1373.7 kg·mm² 4275. kg·mm² 55.43 kg·mm²
kg·mm² kg·mm²
9.8933 519.41
Moment of Inertia Ip3 1311.1 kg·mm² 3850.2 kg·mm² 1.092 kg·mm²
kg·mm² kg·mm²
Statistics
Nodes 7948 88079 138679 67370 1407
Elements 1880 23254 35877 18660 351
Mesh Metric None

Coordinate Systems
TABLE 4
Model (A4) > Coordinate Systems > Coordinate System
Object Name Global Coordinate System
State Fully Defined
Definition
Type Cartesian
Coordinate System ID 0.
Origin
Origin X 0. mm
Origin Y 0. mm
Origin Z 0. mm
Directional Vectors
X Axis Data [ 1. 0. 0. ]
Y Axis Data [ 0. 1. 0. ]
Z Axis Data [ 0. 0. 1. ]
Connections
TABLE 5
Model (A4) > Connections
Object Name Connections
State Fully Defined
Auto Detection
Generate Automatic Connection On Refresh Yes
Transparency
Enabled Yes

TABLE 6
Model (A4) > Connections > Contacts
Object Name Contacts Joints
State Fully Defined
Definition
Connection Type Contact Joint
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Auto Detection
Tolerance Type Slider
Tolerance Slider 0.
Tolerance Value 0.75614 mm
Use Range No
Face/Face Yes
Face Overlap Tolerance Off
Cylindrical Faces Include
Face/Edge No
Edge/Edge No
Priority Include All
Group By Bodies
Search Across Bodies Parts
Fixed Joints Yes
Revolute Joints Yes
Statistics
Connections 7 0
Active Connections 7 0

TABLE 7
Model (A4) > Connections > Contacts > Contact Regions
Contact Contact Contact Contact Contact Contact Contact
Object Name
Region Region 2 Region 3 Region 4 Region 5 Region 6 Region 7
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Contact 1 Face 2 Faces 1 Face 3 Faces 1 Face
Target 1 Face 2 Faces 1 Face 2 Faces 1 Face
Contact Bodies coller eye fork knuckle pin
Target Bodies fork knuckle pin pin fork knuckle pin pin
Protected No
Definition
 Type Bonded
Scope Mode Automatic
Behavior Program Controlled
Trim Contact Program Controlled
Trim Tolerance 0.75614 mm
Suppressed No
Advanced
Formulation Program Controlled
Small Sliding Program Controlled
Detection Method Program Controlled
Penetration
Program Controlled
Tolerance
Elastic Slip
Program Controlled
Tolerance
Normal Stiffness Program Controlled
Update Stiffness Program Controlled
Pinball Region Program Controlled
Geometric Modification
Contact Geometry
None
Correction
Target Geometry
None
Correction

Mesh
TABLE 8
Model (A4) > Mesh
Object Name Mesh
State Solved
Display
Display Style Use Geometry Setting
Defaults
Physics Preference Mechanical
Solver Preference Mechanical APDL
Element Order Program Controlled
Element Size 2.0 mm
Sizing
Use Adaptive Sizing Yes
Resolution Default (2)
Mesh Defeaturing Yes
Defeature Size Default
Transition Fast
Span Angle Center Coarse
Initial Size Seed Assembly
Bounding Box Diagonal 302.46 mm
Average Surface Area 959.05 mm²
Minimum Edge Length 1.6404 mm
Quality
Check Mesh Quality Yes, Errors
Error Limits Standard Mechanical
Target Quality Default (0.050000)
Smoothing Medium
 Mesh Metric None
Inflation
Use Automatic Inflation None
Inflation Option Smooth Transition
Transition Ratio 0.272
Maximum Layers 5
Growth Rate 1.2
Inflation Algorithm Pre
View Advanced Options No
Advanced
Number of CPUs for Parallel Part Meshing Program Controlled
Straight Sided Elements No
Number of Retries Default (4)
Rigid Body Behavior Dimensionally Reduced
Triangle Surface Mesher Program Controlled
Topology Checking Yes
Pinch Tolerance Please Define
Generate Pinch on Refresh No
Statistics
Nodes 303483
Elements 80022

TABLE 9
Model (A4) > Mesh > Mesh Controls
Object Name Hex Dominant Method
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 5 Bodies
Definition
Suppressed No
Method Hex Dominant
Element Order Use Global Setting
Free Face Mesh Type Quad/Tri
Control Messages No

FIGURE 1
Model (A4) > Mesh > Figure
Transient (A5)
TABLE 10
Model (A4) > Analysis
Object Name Transient (A5)
State Solved
Definition
Physics Type Structural
Analysis Type Transient
Solver Target Mechanical APDL
Options
Environment Temperature 22. °C
Generate Input Only No

TABLE 11
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Initial Conditions
Object Name Initial Conditions
State Fully Defined

TABLE 12
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Initial Conditions > Initial Condition
Object Name Modal (None)
 State Fully Defined
Definition
Modal Environment None Available
Pre-Stress Environment None

TABLE 13
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Analysis Settings
Object Name Analysis Settings
State Fully Defined
Step Controls
Number Of Steps 1.
Current Step Number 1.
Step End Time 1. s
Auto Time Stepping On
Define By Time
Initial Time Step 1. s
Minimum Time Step 1. s
Maximum Time Step 1. s
Time Integration On
Solver Controls
Solver Type Program Controlled
Weak Springs Off
Large Deflection On
Restart Controls
Generate Restart Points Program Controlled
Retain Files After Full Solve No
Combine Restart Files Program Controlled
Nonlinear Controls
Newton-Raphson Option Program Controlled
Force Convergence Program Controlled
Moment Convergence Program Controlled
Displacement Convergence Program Controlled
Rotation Convergence Program Controlled
Line Search Program Controlled
Stabilization Off
Output Controls
Stress Yes
Strain Yes
Nodal Forces No
Contact Miscellaneous No
General Miscellaneous No
Store Results At All Time Points
Damping Controls
Stiffness Coefficient Define By Direct Input
Stiffness Coefficient 0.
Mass Coefficient 0.
Numerical Damping Program Controlled
Numerical Damping Value 0.1
Analysis Data Management
Solver Files Directory C:\Users\nithish gwd\Music\New folder\joint_files\dp0\SYS-1\MECH\
Future Analysis None
Scratch Solver Files Directory
 Save MAPDL db No
Contact Summary Program Controlled
Delete Unneeded Files Yes
Nonlinear Solution Yes
Solver Units Active System
Solver Unit System nmm

TABLE 14
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Loads
Object Name Force Fixed Support
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry 1 Face
Definition
Type Force Fixed Support
Define By Components
Coordinate System Global Coordinate System
X Component -25000 N (step applied)
Y Component 0. N (step applied)
Z Component 0. N (step applied)
Suppressed No

FIGURE 2
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Force

FIGURE 3
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Force > Figure
 FIGURE 4
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Fixed Support > Figure
Solution (A6)
TABLE 15
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution
Object Name Solution (A6)
State Solved
Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Max Refinement Loops 1.
Refinement Depth 2.
Information
Status Done
MAPDL Elapsed Time 7 m 18 s
MAPDL Memory Used 2.001 GB
MAPDL Result File Size 148.44 MB
Post Processing
Beam Section Results No

TABLE 16
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Solution Information
Object Name Solution Information
State Solved
Solution Information
 Solution Output Solver Output
Newton-Raphson Residuals 0
Identify Element Violations 0
Update Interval 2.5 s
Display Points All
FE Connection Visibility
Activate Visibility Yes
Display All FE Connectors
Draw Connections Attached To All Nodes
Line Color Connection Type
Visible on Results No
Line Thickness Single
Display Type Lines

TABLE 17
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Results
Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Total
Object Name Shear Stress
Stress Stress pin Stress fork Stress eye Deformation
State Solved
Scope
Scoping
Geometry Selection
Method
Geometry All Bodies 1 Body All Bodies
Definition
Equivalent (von-Mises) Equivalent (von-Mises) Total
Type Shear Stress
Stress Stress Deformation
By Time
Display Time Last
Calculate Time
Yes
History
Identifier
Suppressed No
Orientation XY Plane
Global
Coordinate
Coordinate
System
System
Integration Point Results
Display Option Averaged
Average
No
Across Bodies
Results
3.9897e-002
Minimum 6.5906e-003 MPa -18.23 MPa 0.33264 MPa 0. mm
MPa
Maximum 100.68 MPa 38.968 MPa 5.1999 MPa 100.68 MPa 74.9 MPa 0.15428 mm
-4.1318e-002 6.5946e-002
Average 17.862 MPa 7.8397 MPa 20.415 MPa 23.131 MPa
MPa mm
Minimum
knuckle pin fork eye fork
Occurs On
Maximum
fork knuckle pin fork eye
Occurs On
Information
Time 1. s
Load Step 1
 Substep 1
Iteration
3
Number

FIGURE 5
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Equivalent Stress

TABLE 18
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Equivalent Stress
Time [s] Minimum [MPa] Maximum [MPa] Average [MPa]
1. 6.5906e-003 100.68 17.862

FIGURE 6
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Equivalent Stress > Equivent stress in knuckle joint
 FIGURE 7
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Equivalent Stress pin
 TABLE 19
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Equivalent Stress pin
Time [s] Minimum [MPa] Maximum [MPa] Average [MPa]
1. 6.5906e-003 38.968 7.8397

FIGURE 8
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Equivalent Stress pin > Figure
 FIGURE 9
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Shear Stress
 TABLE 20
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Shear Stress
Time [s] Minimum [MPa] Maximum [MPa] Average [MPa]
1. -18.23 5.1999 -4.1318e-002

FIGURE 10
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Equivalent Stress fork
 TABLE 21
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Equivalent Stress fork
Time [s] Minimum [MPa] Maximum [MPa] Average [MPa]
1. 3.9897e-002 100.68 20.415

FIGURE 11
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Equivalent Stress fork > equivalent stress in fork
 FIGURE 12
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Equivalent Stress eye
 TABLE 22
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Equivalent Stress eye
Time [s] Minimum [MPa] Maximum [MPa] Average [MPa]
1. 0.33264 74.9 23.131

FIGURE 13
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Equivalent Stress eye > Equivalent stress in eye
 FIGURE 14
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Total Deformation
 TABLE 23
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Total Deformation
Time [s] Minimum [mm] Maximum [mm] Average [mm]
1. 0. 0.15428 6.5946e-002

FIGURE 15
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Total Deformation > Figure
 TABLE 24
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Stress Safety Tools
Object Name Stress Tool
State Solved
Definition
Theory Max Equivalent Stress
Stress Limit Type Tensile Yield Per Material

TABLE 25
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Stress Tool > Results
Object Name Safety Factor
State Solved
Scope
Scoping Method Geometry Selection
Geometry All Bodies
Definition
Type Safety Factor
By Time
Display Time Last
Calculate Time History Yes
Identifier
Suppressed No
Integration Point Results
 Display Option Averaged
Average Across Bodies No
Results
Minimum 2.4832
Minimum Occurs On fork
Information
Time 1. s
Load Step 1
Substep 1
Iteration Number 3

FIGURE 16
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Stress Tool > Safety Factor

TABLE 26
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Stress Tool > Safety Factor
Time [s] Minimum Maximum Average
1. 2.4832 15. 12.495

FIGURE 17
Model (A4) > Transient (A5) > Solution (A6) > Stress Tool > Safety Factor > Figure
Material Data
Structural Steel
TABLE 27
Structural Steel > Constants
Density 7.85e-006 kg mm^-3
Isotropic Secant Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 1.2e-005 C^-1
Specific Heat Constant Pressure 4.34e+005 mJ kg^-1 C^-1
Isotropic Thermal Conductivity 6.05e-002 W mm^-1 C^-1
Isotropic Resistivity 1.7e-004 ohm mm

TABLE 28
Structural Steel > Color
Red Green Blue
132 139 179

TABLE 29
Structural Steel > Compressive Ultimate Strength
Compressive Ultimate Strength MPa
0
 TABLE 30
Structural Steel > Compressive Yield Strength
Compressive Yield Strength MPa
250

TABLE 31
Structural Steel > Tensile Yield Strength
Tensile Yield Strength MPa
250

TABLE 32
Structural Steel > Tensile Ultimate Strength
Tensile Ultimate Strength MPa
460

TABLE 33
Structural Steel > Isotropic Secant Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Zero-Thermal-Strain Reference Temperature C
22

TABLE 34
Structural Steel > S-N Curve
Alternating Stress MPa Cycles Mean Stress MPa
3999 10 0
2827 20 0
1896 50 0
1413 100 0
1069 200 0
441 2000 0
262 10000 0
214 20000 0
138 1.e+005 0
114 2.e+005 0
86.2 1.e+006 0

TABLE 35
Structural Steel > Strain-Life Parameters
Strength Strength Ductility Ductility Cyclic Strength Cyclic Strain
Coefficient MPa Exponent Coefficient Exponent Coefficient MPa Hardening Exponent
920 -0.106 0.213 -0.47 1000 0.2

TABLE 36
Structural Steel > Isotropic Elasticity
Young's Modulus MPa Poisson's Ratio Bulk Modulus MPa Shear Modulus MPa Temperature C
2.e+005 0.3 1.6667e+005 76923

TABLE 37
Structural Steel > Isotropic Relative Permeability
Relative Permeability
10000