CHAPTER 7-Centroid Inertia

CHAPTER 7
CENTROIDS AND MOMENT OF INERTIA
7.1 INTRODUCTION TO CENTROIDS
Definition of Center of Gravity;

 also known as center of mass.
 refers to masses or weights.
 The force acted at the single point which the weight could be held and balance
in all directions.
Definition of Centroid;
 found by ignoring weight and considering only volume.
 due to different densities of materials. The center of gravity and centroid do
not always coincide.
 but if the weight or object were homogeneous, the center of gravity and
centroid would be coincide.
 three main types of centroid;
a) centroid of lines
- one dimension object.
- measured in length only. Eg; rope, wire, cable.
- the curve object, the center of gravity is not located in the object.
can be determined using formula of derivation.
b) centroid of areas
- two dimension object.
- measured in length and width which is area,A is considered.
- the centroid of coordinates; x and y .
c) centroid of volumes
- three dimension object.
- the centroid of coordinates; x , y and z which is volume, V is
considered.
7.2 Centroid of areas

In this sub-topic, two types of areas are discussed here;
a) Centroid of simple areas.
b) Centroid of composite areas.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1
DFC 1033- Static and Dynamic
7.2.1 Centroid of simple areas.
The centroid of simple areas are more easily to locate. Table 7.1 can be used as
the guidance in order to calculate the centroid of areas.
Table 7.1 Centroid of Areas
SHAPE x y A
Triangle b h 1
h bh
3 3 2
y
x
b
Semicircle 4r r 2
0 3 2
4r 4r r 2
Quarter circle 3 3 4
b h
Rectangle 2 2 bh
Parabolic 3b 3h bh
spanderl h x 4 10 3
y
b x
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2
EXAMPLE 7.1
The most important in determining the centroid is the location of reference axis.
These three locations will be discussed here.
4cm
5cm
Solution;
a) y b) y c) y
y y x
x x
x
x=0 x=0
The location of centroid
is the center of object. y = 4/2 = 2cm y=0
x = 5/2 = 2.5cm
y = 4/2 = 2cm
Note:
Eventhough the values of x and y are different, the location of centroid of

the object is same.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3
7.2.2 Centroid of Composite Areas
Composite areas are the combination of simple areas. The determination of
centroid is more easier if calculate in the table.
1st Step: Divide the areas into several parts.

2nd Step: State the reference axis in the figures.
3rd Step: Find x1, x2 and y1, y2 from the reference axis that you stated.
4th Step: Find the centroid.
Ax = A1x1 + A2x2
Ay = A1y1 + A2y2
Total area, ΣA = A1 + A2
x = ΣAx , y = ΣAy
A A
EXAMPLE 7.2
Determine the centroid of composite areas as shown in the figure.
120mm
24mm
100mm
24mm
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4
Solution;
1st Case;
y
1
y1
2
y2
x
x1=x2
PART AREA(mm2) y(mm) x(mm) Ay (103)(mm3) Ax (103) (mm3)

1 120 x 24= 24/2 + 120/2 = 60 322.56 172.8
2880 100 = 112
2 24 x 100 = 100/2 = 48 + 24/2 120 144
2400 50 = 60
Σ: 5280 Σ: 442.56 x 103 Σ: 316.8 x 103
 Ax  Ay
x y
A A
= 60 mm = 84 mm
120mm
24mm
centroid is also known as neutral

axis
100mm
24mm
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
2nd Case;
1
y
y1
2
y2
x
x1=x2=0

1 120 x 24= 24/2 + 0 322.56 0
2880 100 = 112
2 24 x 100 = 100/2 = 0 120 0
2400 50
Σ: 5280 Σ: 442.56 x 103 0
 Ax  Ay
x y
A A
= 0 mm = 84 mm
120mm
24mm
N.A
100mm
24mm
If there are no reference axis in the figure, please stated the reference axis.
If the reference axis is stated in the figure, determine the centroid from the reference axis
given.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6
EXAMPLE 7.3
Determine the centroid of the shaded area shown in the figure.

0.4
0.1
0.1x0.1
0.6 0.5
All units in meter
0.7
Solution;
0.1
0.6 minus plus 0.4

1 2
0.5 3
0.3
0.4
PART AREA(m2) y(m) x(m) Ay (m3) Ax (m3)

1 0.24 0.3 0.2 0.072 0.048
2 -0.01 0.5 0.1 -0.005 -0.001
3 0.09 h/3 = 0.6/3 = b/3 + 0.4 0.018 0.045
= 0.2 = 0.3/3 + 0.4
= 0.5
Σ: 0.32 Σ: 0.085 Σ: 0.092
 Ax  Ay
x y
A A
= 0.288m = 0.266m
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7
EXAMPLE 7.4
The cross sectional area of beam with semicircle at top and bottom of flange. Find
the centroid for the shaded area with given reference axis.
y
4m
4m
5m
4m
x
4m
4m -
12m
Solution;
y y
1 4
2 minus
3 5
x x
4m
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8
PART A(m2) x(m) y(m) Ax(m3) Ay(m3)
1 12 x 4 = 48 6 4/2 + 9 288 528
= 11
2 5 x 4 = 20 6 5/2 + 4 120 130
= 6.5
3 12 x 4 = 48 6 4/2 288 96
=2
4 -πr2 /2 6 13 – 8/3π -37.68 -76.31
=-6.28 =12.15
5 = -6.28 6 8/3π -37.68 -5.34

=0.85
Σ103.44 Σ620.64 Σ672.35
 Ax  Ay
x y
A A
= 6.0m = 6.5m
EXAMPLE 7.5
Determine the centroid of the composite area of an I-beam and a channel welded
together as shown in the figure.
Solution;
PART AREA(in2) y(in) x(in) Ay (in3) Ax (in3)

1 6.77 4+2.25=6.25 0 42.31 0
2 5.49 2.25- 0 9.22 0
0.57=1.68
Σ: 12.26 Σ: 51.53 0
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9
 Ay
y = 4.2 inch
A
EXAMPLE 7.6
Determine the centroid of the shaded area shown in the figure.
y
3 9
All units in cm
4
x
6
Solution;
3 9 3 9
1
= +
4
4
6 7.5
4r
3 3
2 _ 4r
12 
3
h/3 4
b/3+3
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10
PART AREA(cm2) y(cm) x(cm) Ay (cm3) Ax (cm3)
1 9(8)=72 4 7.5 288 540
2 ½(9)(6)=27 -2 6 -54 162

-ve
3 r 2  (4 2 ) 4 10.3 -100.56 -258.94
 
2 2
 25.14
Σ: 73.86 Σ: 133.44 Σ: 443.06
 Ax  Ay
x y -ve sign indicated the
A A distance is located at the
opposite axis
= 6 cm = 1.8 cm
TUTORIAL 7.1
7.1 Determine the centroid for area in the figure.
[Ans: x = 4.02in, y = 5.96in]
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11
7.2 Determine the centroid of the shaded area shown in the figure.
[Ans: x = 29.1mm, y = 76.5mm]
7.3 Locate the centroid in the given figure.
[Ans: x = 0, y = 3.57in]
7.4 Determine the centroid for the area shown in the figure.
[Ans: x = 54.4mm, y = 11.2mm]
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12
7.5 Locate the centroid, x and y and for the area given.
[Ans: x = 48.6mm, y = 180mm]
7.6 Locate the centroid for the area in the given figure.
[Ans: x = 102mm, y = 62.5mm]
7.7 Determine y for the combined area of a channel and angle joined as shown in the
figure. The individual areas and centroidal distances are given.
[Ans: y = 84.6mm]
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13
7.8 Determine the location of the centroidal horizontal axis of the combined structural
shapes shown in figure.
[Ans: y = 112mm]
7.9 Determine the location of the centroidal horizontal axis from the bottom of the
combined structural shapes shown in the figure.
[Ans: y = 51.8mm]
7.10 Locate the centroid of the extruded shape shown in the figure.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14
7.3 INTRODUCTION TO MOMENT OF INERTIA
Definition of Moment of Inertia:

 Types;
1) Area moment of inertia
 Called as the second moment of area.
 I is the symbol of area moment of inertia and Ix, Iy and Iz shows the
axis of action.
 It measures the effect of the cross sectional shape of a beam on the
beam’s resistance to a bending moment.
 The strength of structural embers depends to a large extent in the
properties of their cross sections particularly on the moment of
inertia of area.
 The purpose of calculating I, is used in the determination of
stresses in beams and columns.
 Units are mm4, m4 or cm4.
 In Chapter 5, first moment of area is defined as the certain area, A
namely are Ay or Ax. If we take the moment against the axis, it
will be (Ay) y = Ay2.
7.4 MOMENT OF INERTIA OF AREA
In determining the area moment of inertia, firstly the location of centroid must be
determined.
x dA
y
x
Figure 7.1
The first moment of inertia about the x and y axes were defined as;
  y dA,   x dA
where A is the area of the region and x and y are the coordinates of the
differential area element dA as shown in Figure 7.1.
The second moment of inertia or moment of inertia of area about the x and y axes
are defined as;
Ix =  y2 (dA), Iy =  x2 (dA)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15
For rectangular or square area with b and h dimension as shown in Figure 7.2.
x
dy dx
h/2 h/2
y
h/2 C h/2 C
b/2 b/2 b/2 b/2
Figure 7.2 (a) Figure 7.2(b)
Referring to Figure 7.12(a);

Area of shaded area, dA = b(dy)
The moment of inertia of area about the x axes defined as;
Ix =  y2 (dA) =  by2 dy
For limit –h/2 to h/2 ;
h/2 h/2
by 3 bh 3
I x   by dy 
2

h / 2
3 h / 2
12
Referring to Figure 7.2(b);

Area of shaded area, dA = h(dx)
The moment of inertia of area about the y axes are defined as;
Iy =  x2 (dA) =  hx2 dx
For limit –b/2 to b/2 ;

b/2 b/2
hx 3 hb3
I y   hx dx 
2

b / 2
3 b / 2
12
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 16
EXAMPLE 7.7
Referring to the figure below, prove the moment of inertia of area about x and y
axes are;
Ix = bh3/36
Iy = hb3/36
y
2h/3
x
C h/3
2b/3
2b/3 b/3
Solution;
y
2h/3-y
dy
y
x
x
C
h/3
2b/3
2b/3 b/3
Area of shaded area, dA = x(dy)
The moment of inertia of area about the x axes are defined as;
Ix =  y2 (dA) =  xy2 dx
x value can be obtained from;

x b b  2h 
 → x   y
(2h / 3)  y h h 3 
For limit –h/3 to 2h/3 ;

2h / 3
b  2h 
I x   y2   y dy
h / 3
h 3 
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 17
2h / 3
b  2hy 3 y 4 
   
h 9 4  h / 3
b  2h  2h  1  2h    2h   h  1   h   
3 4 3 4
               
h  9  3  4  3    9  3  4  3   
bh3
= …. It is proven.
36
dx
2h/3
x
y C h/3
2b/3-x
2b/3 x b/3
Area of shaded area, dA = y(dx)
The moment of inertia of area about the y axes are defined as;
Iy =  x2 (dA) =  yx2 dx
y value can be obtained from;

y h h  2b 
 → y    x
(2b / 3)  x b b 3 
For limit b/3 to -2b/3 ;
b/3
h  2b 
I y   x 2   x dx
2 b / 3
b 3 
b/3
h  2bx 3 x 4 
   
b 9 4  2 b / 3
hb3
= …. It is proven.
36
Ix and Iy can be determined from the various shapes.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18
Table 7.1 shows the equation of moment of inertia for different shapes.
SHAPE Equation
Triangle bh3 b 3h
h Ix  ,Iy 
36 36
x
b
1
Semicircle I x  I y  r 4
4r
8
3 1 4
J  r
4
1 4
Ix  Iy  r
16
Quarter 1
circle J  r 4
8
bh3 b 3h
Rectangle Ix  ,Iy 
12 12
1
J  bh(b 2  h 2 )
12
y
1 4
Circle r Ix  Iy  r
4
x 1
J  r 4
2
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 19
7.5 PARALLEL-AXIS THEOREMS
There is relationship between the moment of inertia about two parallel axes which
is not passes through the centroid of the area.
x
h y
x
bh 3 b 3h
From Table 7.1; Ix = and Iy =
12 12
The centroid is, ( x , y ) = (b/2, h/2)
Moment of inertia about x-x axis, Ixx = Ix + Ad2
d is taken as the y
y
x
Moment of inertia about y-y axis, Iyy = Iy + As2
s is taken as the x
x
h
x
Formula;
i) Moment of inertia about x-x axis, Ixx = Ix + Ad2
ii)Moment of inertia about y-y axis, Iyy = Iy + As2
d and s are called the transfer distance- the distance through which moment of
inertia is to be ‘transferred’.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 20
EXAMPLE 7.8
Determine the second moment of the shaded area shown in figure with respect to
x and y-axes through the centroid of the area.
140mm
60mm
60 160 60 (mm)
Step 1: Divide the component into several parts
Step 2: State the reference axis at the figures.

y
1 3
2
x
Step 3: Determine the centroid

1 60(200) = 200/2 = 60/2 = 30 1200 360
12000 100
2 160(60)=9600 60/2 = 30 60 + 288 1344
[160/2] =
140
3 60(200) = 200/2 = 220 1200 3000
12000 100 +60/2=
250
Σ: 33 600 Σ: 2688 x 103 Σ: 4704 x 103
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 21
 Ax  Ay
x y
A A
= 140 mm = 80 mm
s1 s3
d1 = d3
d2
1
_
y  80mm 2
x
Centroid of the composite
_
x  140mm areas/ neutral axis
d and s are the distance between the centroid of simple area to the centroid of
composite area about x and y axes. Refer to the figure above, s1 and s3 is parallel
to x axis and meanwhile d1, d2 and d3 parallel to y axis.
Step 4: Determine the second moment of inertia
bh 3
PART AREA(mm ) 2 Ix = d (mm) Ad2(106)(mm4)
12
(106)
(mm4)
1 60(200) = 60(2003 )
12000 12 120-100=20 4.8
= 40
2 160(60)=9600 160(603 )
12 80-60/2= 50 24
= 2.88
3 60(200) = 60(2003 )
12000 120-100=20 4.8
12
= 40
Σ: 33 600
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 22
 I xx  [Ix + Ad2]1 + [Ix + Ad2]2 +[Ix + Ad2]3
= [44.8 + 26.88 + 44.8] x106
= 116.48 x 106 mm4
b 3h
PART AREA(mm ) 2 Iy = s (mm) As2(106)(mm4)
12
(10 ) (mm4)
6
1 60(200) = 603 (200 ) 140-60/2

12000 =110 145.2
12
=3.6
2 160(60)=9600 1603 (60 )
0 0
12
=20.48
3 60(200) = 603 (200 ) 140-60/2
12000 =110 145.2
12
=3.6
Σ: 33 600
 I yy  [Iy + As2]1 + [Iy + As2]2 +[Iy + As2]3

= [148.8 + 20.48 + 148.8] x106
= 318.08 x 106 mm4
EXAMPLE 7.9
Determine the moment of inertia of the shaded area shown in the figure with
respect to x and y-axes through the centroid of the area.
y
0.4
0.1
0.1x0.1
0.6 0.5
All units in meter
x
0.7
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 23
Solution;
Refer to EXAMPLE 7.3;
 Ax  Ay
x y
A A
= 0.288m = 0.266m
0.1
0.1x0.1
1
minus plus
0.6 2 0.4
0.5 3
0.4 0.3
y
0.4
0.1
d1
d2
N.A
 d3
y =0.266
x
0.7
PART AREA(m2) Ix (10-3) m4 d (mm) Ad2(10-3)(m4)

1 0.6(0.4) bh3 0.4(0.63 ) 0.3-0.266
=0.24  = 7.2 =0.034 0.277
12 12
0.1(0.1) bh3 0.1(0.13 ) 0.334-0.1
2 = -0.01  = -0.0083 =0.234 -0.548
12 12
½(0.3)(0.6) bh3 0.3(0.63 ) 0.266-

3 =0.09  = 1.8 1 0.392
36 36 (0.6) =0.066
3
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 24
Σ: 0.32
 I xx  [Ix + Ad2]1 - [Ix + Ad2]2 +[Ix + Ad2]3
= [7.48 – 0.56 + 2.19] x10-3 = 9.11 x 10-3 m4
y
s1
s3
0.1
N.A

y =0.266
x
s2
x  0.288m
PART AREA(m2) Iy (10-3) m4 s (mm) As2(10-3)(m4)

1 0.24 b3h 0.43 (0.6) 0.288-0.2 1.86
 = 3.2 =0.088
12 12
2 b3h 0.13 (0.1) 0.288-0.1
-0.01  = -0.0083 =0.188 -0.35
12 12
b3h 0.33 (0.6) 0.112+0.1

3 0.09  = 0.45 =0.212 4.04
36 36
Σ: 0.32
 I yy  [Iy + As2]1 - [Iy + As2]2 +[Iy + As2]3

= [5.06 – 0.36 + 4.49] x10-3 = 9.2 x 10-3 mm4
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 25
EXAMPLE 7.10
Prove the location of centroid is x , y  (125,170)mm.
Determine the moment of inertia about the x and y axis for the area shown in figure with
respect to x and y-axes through the centroid of the area.
20
20 300
All units in mm
20
x
250
Solution;
Students have to prove the centroid is x , y  (125,170)mm.
1
d1
N.A
2
d2
y  170
3
x  125
bh 3
PART AREA(mm ) 2 Ix = d Ad2(106)(mm4)
12
(mm)
(10 ) (mm4)
6
1 250(203 ) 160 128

250(20)=5000
12
=0.167
20(3003 ) 0 0
2 300(20)=6000
12
=45
250(203 ) 160 128
3 250(20)=5000 12
=0.167
 I xx  [Ix + Ad2]1 + [Ix + Ad2]2 +[Ix + Ad2]3

= [128.17 + 45 + 128.17] x106 = 301.33 x 106 mm4
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 26
b 3h
PART AREA(mm ) 2 Iy = s As2(106)(mm4)
12
(mm)
(10 ) (mm4)
6
1 2503 (20) 0 0
250(20)=5000
12
=26.04
203 (300) 0 0
2 300(20)=6000
12
= 0.2
2503 (20) 0 0
3 250(20)=5000
12
=26.04
 I yy  [Ix + As2]1 + [Ix + As2]2 +[Ix + As2]3

= [26.04 +0.2 +26.04] x106
= 52.28 x 106 mm4
EXAMPLE 7.11
Determine the second moment of inertia about the horizontal and vertical axis for
the shaded area as shown in figure with respect to x and y-axes through the
centroid of the area
y
110
x
25 50 All units in mm
100
Solution;
The reference axis in the figure is the reference to illustrate the second moment of
inertia about the horizontal and vertical axis. To determine the centroid, assume
the reference axis locate at the bottom of figure.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 27
y
160mm ‘minus’
25 50mm
x
100mm
PART AREA(mm2) y(mm) x(mm) Ay (106)(mm3) Ax

1 100(160) 160/2=80 0 1.28 0
=16 000
d 2  502
2 -  50 0 0.0982 0
4 4
= -1963.75
Σ: 14036.25 Σ: 1.18 x 106 0
 Ax  Ay
x y
A A
= 0 = 84mm
110
d1
N.A
d2
y  84mm
25 50 All units in mm
100
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 28
The second moment of inertia about the horizontal axis;
Ix
2
PART AREA(mm ) (10 ) (mm4)
6
d (mm) Ad2(106)(mm4)
bh 3
100(160 )3 84-80 0.256
1 16000 = =4
12 12
=34.13
1 4 1 84-50 -2.27
2 -1963.75  r   ( 25) 4
=34
4 4
=- 0.307
Σ: 14036.25
 I xx  [Ix + Ad2]1 - [Ix + Ad2]2

= [34.4 – 2.6] x106
= 31.8 x 106 mm4
The second moment of inertia about the vertical axis;

Iy
PART AREA(mm2) (106) (mm4) s (mm) As2(106)(mm4)
3 3
b h 100 (160)
1 16000 = 0 0
12 12
=13.33
1 4 1
2 -1963.75 r   (25) 4 0 0
4 4
=- 0.307
Σ: 14036.25
 I yy  [Iy + As2]1 - [Iy + As2]2

= [13.33 – 0.307] x106
= 13.02 x 106 mm4
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 29
EXERCISE 7.1
1) Determine the second moment of inertia for the given problem.
120mm
24mm
[Ans: ( x =60, y =84)mm,

100mm  I xx  7170.56 x 103 mm4,  I yy 
3571.2 x 103 mm4]
24mm
2) Determine the second moment of area with respect to x and y axes through
the centroid of the area.
1cm
4cm
1cm
1cm [Ans: Ixx = 56 cm4, Iyy = 11 cm4]
4cm
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 30
EXAMPLE 7.12
Determine the moment of inertia about the x axis of the fabricated area shown in
figure.
Solution;
Reference axis
PART AREA(in2) y(in) x(in) Ay(in3) Ax

1 10(1/2) = 5 10/2 = 5 0 25 0
2 2(3.94)=7.88 0.87 0 6.86
0
Σ: 12.88 Σ: 31.86 0
 Ax  Ay
x y
A A
= 0 = 2.47 in
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 31
PART AREA(in2) Ix (in4) d (in) Ad2(106)(in4)
bh 3 0.5(103 ) 32
1 5 = 5- 2.47=2.53
12 12
=41.67
7.88 2(2.9) 5.8 2.47-0.87 20.17
2 =1.6
Σ: 12.88
 I xx  [Ix + Ad2]1 + [Ix + Ad2]2

= [73.67 + 25.97]
= 99.64 in4
TUTORIAL 7.2
7.11 Determine the moments of inertia about the x axis for the areas shown below.
The plane of x-x is taken as the reference to determine the centroid.
[Ans: Ixx = 95.1 x 106 mm4 ]
7.12 Determine the moment of inertia of the area about its centroidal x axis.
[Ans: Ixx = 7.6 x 10-6 m4 ]
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 32
7.13 The cast frame of a press is subjected to a bending stress and has a cross sectional
area as shown in figure. As a first step in the calculation of bending stress, determine the
moment of inertia about the y axis.
[Ans: Iyy = 535 x 106 mm4 ]
7.14 Determine the moment of inertia about x axis of the composite area.
[Ans: Ixx = 196 in4 ]
7.15 Determine the moment of inertia about the x axis of the cross sectional area of
fabricated beam shown in figure.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 33
[Ans: Ixx = 187 in4 ]
7.16 Determine the moment of inertia about x and y axis for I beam as shown in figure.
[Ans: I xx  13.05x106 mm 4 ,
Iyy = 2.1 x 106 mm4 ]
All units in mm
7.17 Determine the moment of inertia about x and y axis for beam as shown in figure.
7.18 Determine the moment of inertia about x and y axis for L beam as shown in
figure.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 34
40mm
260mm
40mm
240mm
7.19 Determine
the moments of inertia about the x axis for the areas shown below.
The plane of x-x is taken as the reference to determine the centroid.
[Ans: Ixx = 834 in4 ]
7.20 Determine the moments of inertia about the horizontal and vertical axis for the
shaded areas. The reference axis is stated to determine the centroid.
[Ans: Ixx = 15 x 106 mm4,

Iyy = 3.38 x 106 mm4 ]
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 35
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 36

CHAPTER 7-Centroid Inertia

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

CHAPTER 7-Centroid Inertia

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

CHAPTER 7

CENTROIDS AND MOMENT OF INERTIA

7.1 INTRODUCTION TO CENTROIDS

Definition of Center of Gravity;

7.2 Centroid of areas

Table 7.1 Centroid of Areas

Eventhough the values of x and y are different, the location of centroid of

1st Step: Divide the areas into several parts.

Determine the centroid of composite areas as shown in the figure.

PART AREA(mm2) y(mm) x(mm) Ay (103)(mm3) Ax (103) (mm3)

centroid is also known as neutral

PART AREA(mm2) y(mm) x(mm) Ay (103)(mm3) Ax (103) (mm3)

Determine the centroid of the shaded area shown in the figure.

0.6 minus plus 0.4

PART AREA(m2) y(m) x(m) Ay (m3) Ax (m3)

5 = -6.28 6 8/3π -37.68 -5.34

PART AREA(in2) y(in) x(in) Ay (in3) Ax (in3)

2 ½(9)(6)=27 -2 6 -54 162

[Ans: x = 4.02in, y = 5.96in]

[Ans: x = 29.1mm, y = 76.5mm]

7.3 Locate the centroid in the given figure.

[Ans: x = 54.4mm, y = 11.2mm]

[Ans: x = 48.6mm, y = 180mm]

[Ans: x = 102mm, y = 62.5mm]

Definition of Moment of Inertia:

7.4 MOMENT OF INERTIA OF AREA

b/2 b/2 b/2 b/2

Figure 7.2 (a) Figure 7.2(b)

Referring to Figure 7.12(a);

Referring to Figure 7.2(b);

For limit –b/2 to b/2 ;

Area of shaded area, dA = x(dy)

x value can be obtained from;

For limit –h/3 to 2h/3 ;

Area of shaded area, dA = y(dx)

y value can be obtained from;

The centroid is, ( x , y ) = (b/2, h/2)

Moment of inertia about x-x axis, Ixx = Ix + Ad2

Moment of inertia about y-y axis, Iyy = Iy + As2

Step 1: Divide the component into several parts

Step 2: State the reference axis at the figures.

PART AREA(mm2) y(mm) x(mm) Ay (103)(mm3) Ax (103) (mm3)

Step 4: Determine the second moment of inertia

1 60(200) = 603 (200 ) 140-60/2

 I yy  [Iy + As2]1 + [Iy + As2]2 +[Iy + As2]3

PART AREA(m2) Ix (10-3) m4 d (mm) Ad2(10-3)(m4)

½(0.3)(0.6) bh3 0.3(0.63 ) 0.266-

PART AREA(m2) Iy (10-3) m4 s (mm) As2(10-3)(m4)

b3h 0.33 (0.6) 0.112+0.1

 I yy  [Iy + As2]1 - [Iy + As2]2 +[Iy + As2]3

1 250(203 ) 160 128

 I xx  [Ix + Ad2]1 + [Ix + Ad2]2 +[Ix + Ad2]3

 I yy  [Ix + As2]1 + [Ix + As2]2 +[Ix + As2]3

PART AREA(mm2) y(mm) x(mm) Ay (106)(mm3) Ax

 I xx  [Ix + Ad2]1 - [Ix + Ad2]2

The second moment of inertia about the vertical axis;

 I yy  [Iy + As2]1 - [Iy + As2]2

1) Determine the second moment of inertia for the given problem.

[Ans: ( x =60, y =84)mm,

1cm [Ans: Ixx = 56 cm4, Iyy = 11 cm4]

PART AREA(in2) y(in) x(in) Ay(in3) Ax

 I xx  [Ix + Ad2]1 + [Ix + Ad2]2

[Ans: Ixx = 95.1 x 106 mm4 ]

[Ans: Ixx = 7.6 x 10-6 m4 ]