DC Compound Wound Motor UKM

DC COMPOUND WOUND MOTOR

1. Objectives
1. To understand the load characteristics of DC compound motor with normal
compounding.
2. To understand the load characteristics of DC compound motor with under
compounding.
3. To determine the nominal torque on load characteristics curve with normal
compounding and deduce the nominal value.
4. To determine the nominal torque on load characteristics curves with under
compounding and deduce the charges in the nominal data.

2. Introduction
The DC shunt motor demonstrates a principle of a current-carrying conductor
coil in a magnetic field. The resultant magnetic field formed by the exciter field and the
armature field produces a torque at the armature of the motor. This torque, M is
proportional to the magnetic field,  (flux) and the armature current, IA:

M ~ IA
In the moving armature conductors, a voltage, U 0 is induced according to the law
of induction. This voltage is opposed to the applied terminal voltage, U KL according to the
Lenz’s law. The induced voltage is called “back e.m.f.” (electromotive force). Back e.m.f.
depends on the magnetic field and the speed of the armature:

U0 ~ n

As for the speed, the equation can be restated as:

U0
n~


Let Ri represents resistance between armature terminals, which includes

resistance of the winding plus the contact resistance between brushes and commutator.
Effective voltage across armature is equal to VKL – U0 volts. Applying Ohm’s law to
armature circuit, voltage drop across the armature is:

I A R i  VKL - U 0

U 0  VKL  I A R i

 VKL  I A  R i 
n~


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DC Compound Wound Motor UKM

The voltage drop IARi between no-load and load, at constant terminal voltage,
only represents a small value.

In DC compound wound motors, two different exciter windings produce the

exciter magnetic field and thus designated as compound wound motor. The shunt
component is connected parallel to the armature and either supply by the same voltage
source when self-excited or by its own source when separately excited. The component of
the exciter field for this configuration is independent of varying load and therefore the
speed remains constant. An additional exciter winding is connected in series to the
armature circuit. The armature current determines the component of the exciter field
produced by this exciter winding. Unlike shunt wound motor, this component of the
exciter field is load dependent. Therefore, the speed of the series wound motor is subject
to the load’s value.

In standard compound wound motors, the series wound exciter winding is

connected so that its magnetic field has the same direction as the magnetic field of the
shunt winding. At no-load the compound motor behaves like a shunt wound motor. Under
load the speed of the compounded motor decreases somewhat more severely since the
main magnetic flux also becomes greater on account of the stronger armature current.

Should the series wound exciter field be designed with somewhat weaker
features then this is called “under-compounding”. In this case, shunt wound behaviour
prevailed. For another design where the series wound exciter field is made stronger, the
series winding will predominates and this case is called “over-compounding”. The
behaviour of the compound motor then tends to be like a series wound motor.

When the series wound exciter winding is connected so that its magnetic field
weakens the magnetic field of the shunt winding, then the motor is “counter-
compounded”. A counter-compounded motor is unintentionally produced, if, during
reversal of rotation, the poles of the motor are incorrectly charged, for example, by
changing the poles of the series circuit from IC1 to D2 instead of IC1 to 2C2. In this
situation, the speed increases under load because the main field becomes weaker.
Consequently, Counter-compounded motors have a tendency to race and they are
unstable. Therefore, the configuration of this circuit is avoided.

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Figure 1: Circuit of a separately-excited DC compound wound motor with

commutating and compensation windings and starter for clockwise rotation

Counter-compounding

Shunt wound motor

Speed, n

Sub-compounding
Compounding

Over-compounding

Torque, M

Figure 2: Speed torque characteristic of a separately-excited DC compund wound

motor
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Load Characteristics

The curves are drawn by plotting rotor speed, n, armature current, I A, consumed
power, P1, delivered power, P2, and efficiency, , with respect to load torque and hence
representing the motor load characteristics. The characteristics of the nominal ratings can
be obtained at the intersection points, by drawing a perpendicular line parallel to the
ordinate and through the nominal torque of the motor, see Figure 3.

 n IA P1 P2
P1

IA

P2


MN M

Figure 3: Load characteristics of the DC compound wound motor

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DC Compound Wound Motor UKM

Figure 4: DC compound wound motor with field shunt rheostat for under-
compounding for the clockwise rotation of the motor

Load Characteristics When Under Compounding

In order to demonstrate the influence of the series wound component in the total
excitation of the DC compound wound motor, the characteristics of load are recorded
with various levels of under-compounding. By connecting a field shunt rheostat parallel
to the series wound winding, a step to weaken the series wound field can be carried out. –
See Figure 4. Since this shunt rheostat has to conduct almost entire armature current, a
starter resistor must be used in the experiment.

Reliable and appropriate nominal operation values can be taken from the rating
plate of the motor. Using the measurements from this experiment, it can be shown that
how these values change under smaller or larger loads. The characteristics of the load
give information concerning with the behaviour of the armature current consumption, I A
from the mains, consumed power, P1, delivered power, P2, speed, n and efficiency,  at
various load torques. The values for U, I A, IE and n are measured from the measuring
circuit. As such the values for ITOT, P1, P2 and  can be calculated.

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DC Compound Wound Motor UKM

Motor Load
The load is set using a magnetic powder brake with control unit according to the
information in the results table. The values are measured for each setting and entered into
the result table. The DC voltage of the DC stabilizer is to be kept constant at 220 V
during the measurements.

Consumed Power
The consumed power, P1 is calculated from the measured values of U, IA and IE.

P1 = U(IA + IE)

Delivered Power
If the torque, M and the speed, n have been determined for various loads, the
corresponding delivered power, P2 of the motor can be determined.

P2  M  ω

P2 = delivered power in Watt

M = torque in Nm

1
ω  angular velocity
s

The following relationship exists between angular velocity and rotor speed, n

n
ω  2π
60

2 3.14 
ω n
60

n
ω
9.55

MN
Therefore, P2 
9.55

Efficiency
The efficiency is given by the ratio between delivered power and consumed
power.

P2
η
P1

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DC Compound Wound Motor UKM

3. Pre-Laboratory
1. Identify types of DC motor.
2. Describe the behaviour of DC compound wound motor.
3. Show an equivalent circuit for :
a. Compounded DC motor
b. Shunt DC motor
c. Separately Excited DC motor

4. Equipment
1. Mains/Supply Unit 415
2. DC Stabilizer 240/15
3. Control Unit
4. Multimeter Zero Point Left
5. ON/OFF Switch 3 Ploe
6. Magnetic Powder Brake
7. Tacho Generator
8. DC Multi-Function Machine with Coupling, Shaft End Guard and Coupling Guard
9. Starter

5. Experiment
A. Load Characteristics Determination

1. Assemble the circuit as shown in Figure 5.

2. After the instructor has checked and approved the connections, switch on the
circuit.
3. Adjust the DC stabilizer output until DC voltage is 220V.
4. Load the motor from no-load operation to 4 Nm torque with 0.5 Nm step.
5. Measure the speed, n, the armature current, I A and the exciter current, I E and fill
up Table 1.
6. Adjust the DC stabilizer output until DC voltage is 0V. Switch off the circuit.
7. Plot the load characteristics curve. Draw a vertical line for the nominal torque
which intersects with curves lines on the graph.
8. Describe the armature current, IA curve.

Important
Conduct this experiment as fast as possible because under load operation, the
nominal current is exceeded and thus the motor is temporarily highly overloaded
which leads to the deactivation of the braking action via the thermal switch.

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DC Compound Wound Motor UKM

Figure 5 : The load characteristics circuit

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DC Compound Wound Motor UKM

Measurement Calculation
M N IA IE Itot P1 P2 
(Nm) (min-1) (A) (A) (A) (W) (W)

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DC Compound Wound Motor UKM

Table 1: Measurement and calculation values for load characteristics

B. Load Characteristics Determination for Under

Compounding at Various Resistance, RFN

1. Assemble the circuit as shown in Figure 6.

2. Due to the possibility of high current presence, a starter is used as a field
regulator, RFN. Set the field regulator, RFN to 0.65.
3. After the instructor has checked and approved the connections, switch on the
circuit.
4. Adjust the DC stabilizer output until DC voltage is 220V.
5. Load the motor from no-load operation and to 4 Nm torque with 0.5 Nm step.
6. Measure the speed, n, the armature current, I A and the exciter current, I E and fill
up Table 2.
7. Adjust the DC stabilizer output until DC voltage is 0V. Switch off the circuit.
8. Repeat step 3 to 7 with another unit of field regulator, R FN (1.5 and 2.6) and
fill up Table 3 and 4 respectively.
9. Plot the load characteristics curves for the DC compound wound motor with
under-compounding at various resistance of R FN and also draw a vertical line for
the nominal torque on the graphs.
10. From the load characteristics, describe how the nominal values can be deduced.

Important

Conduct this experiment as fast as possible because under load operation, the
nominal current is exceeded and thus the motor is temporarily highly overloaded
which leads to the deactivation of the braking action via the thermal switch.

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DC Compound Wound Motor UKM

Figure 6: The load characteristics circuit for under-compounding at various resistances of

RFN

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DC Compound Wound Motor UKM

Field Regulator RFN in Position (0.65 )

Measurement Calculation
M N IA IE Itot P1 P2 
(Nm) (min-1) (A) (A) (A) (W) (W)

Table 2: Measurement and calculation values for load characteristics for under-
compounding at RFN = 0.65

Field Regulator RFN in Position (1.5 )

Measurement Calculation
M N IA IE Itot P1 P2 
(Nm) (min-1) (A) (A) (A) (W) (W)

Table 3: Measurement and calculation values for load characteristics for under-
compounding at RFN = 1.5

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DC Compound Wound Motor UKM

Field Regulator RFN in Position (2.6 )

Measurement Calculation
M N IA IE Itot P1 P2 
(Nm) (min-1) (A) (A) (A) (W) (W)

Table 4: Measurement and calculation values for load characteristics for under-
compounding at RFN = 2.6

6. Discussion
1. Describe the efficiency curve of the DC compound wound motor.
2. From the load characteristics, deduce the changes in the values on the graph caused
by under-compounding at load with nominal torque. In terms of:
 Consumed power, P1:
 Delivered power, P2:
 Current consumption in the armature circuit, IA:
 The shunt exciter current, IE:
 Speed, n:
 Efficiency, :
3. Describe how the delivered power of a DC compound wound motor change when the
load of the torque increases.

7. Reference
1. Stephen J. Chapman, Electrical Machinery Fundamentals, 2nd Ed. 1991, Mc-Graw
Hill Inc.
2. Wildi T. Electric Machines, Drives and Power Systems,5 th Ed. 2002, Prentice Hall,
New Jersey.
3. Sen, P. C. Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics. 1997, John Wiley
and Sons.

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