Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
GEOLOGY FOR
PETROLEUM EXPLORATION
SHORT COURSE
2008
0
Sea Bed Sea Bed
Growth Sequence 4 Growth Sequence 4
Growth Sequence 3
TWT
(sec)
Growth Sequence 3
2 ???
? ?
Unconformity
Growth
3 Sequence 1 ?
? ?
Footwall Fault
Growth Sequence 2
ʻPull-Upʼ
?
TWT
(sec)
0.0
Sea Floor Crestal Collapse Graben
1.0
2.0 ??
Seismic
Artefact
3.0 ??
??
Poor Imaging ??
4.0
Seismic ??
Seismic Artefact
Pull-Up
5.0
2 km
6.0
2
Seismic Exercises - Extension
TWT
(sec)
1.0
1.5 Bright
Spots
MTC
2.0
2.5
Bright
Spots
3.0
MTC?
2 km
3
Seismic Exercises - Extension
TWT
(sec)
0-
Sea Bed Eocene-Miocene
D7
1-
PR3
PR3
PR2
D1
PR2
2- PR3 Velocity
Pull-Up PR1
Salt
Syn-Rift?
PR1 PR2
?
3-
?
? Syn-Rift
Basement? Basement?
4- ?
?
2 km
4
Seismic Exercises - Extension
TWT
(sec)
0.0
1.0
2.0
Ramp-Flat Detachment
in Basement
2 km
5
Seismic Exercises - Extension
TWT
(sec)
0
Post-Rift 4
1 Lacustrine?
Eroded
Fault
Plane? Granite?
Basement
Inversion
2
Basement
Granite?
Basement Basement
Marginal
Fan System
or Slight Inversion? Lacustrine
Sequence
2 km
6
Seismic Exercises - Extension
SW NE
TWT secs TWT secs
0.0 0.0
Sea Floor
1.0 1.0
2.0 2.0
3.0 3.0
Crystalline Crystalline
4.0 Basement Basement 4.0
5 km
8
Seismic Exercises - Extension
TWT
(sec)
0.0
?
1.0
2.0
3.0 Wedging
Fan Systems?
4.0
5.0
9
Seismic Exercises - Extension
1.0
2.0
3.0
Strongly faulted
2 km basement
4.0
10
Seismic Exercises - Extension
TWT sec
0 Sea Bed
Dyke in Fault
?
2 Strong Reflector
? Fan?
? ?
?
3 ?
Basement
Basement ?
11
Seismic Exercises - Extension
Sea Floor
u/c
u/c
u/c
u/c u/c
Seismic
Artefact
2 km
1.0 u/c
u/c
2.0
3.0
5 km
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
2 km
5.0
14
Seismic Exercises - Extension
TWT
(sec)
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
0 5km
1.0
2.0
3.0
5 km
TWT
(sec)
Sea Floor
1.0
2.0
? ?
?
?
?
3.0 ?
?
4.0
5 km
TWT
(sec)
5.0
Sea Floor
6.0
Basement
Post-Extension ?
7.0
Basement
8.0
Basement Basement
2 km
Exercise ES 18
© K.R. McClay 2008
Basement Syn-Extension ? Post-Extension 1 Post-Extension 2
Deepwater Trubidite Systems
18
Seismic Exercises - Inversion
? TWT
?
(sec)
Multiples
- 1.0
- 2.0
?
?
?
‘Basement’ Pre-Rift
- 3.0
Post-Inversion
‘Basement’ Pre-Rift
Syn-Inversion ? Syn-Rift
Post-Rift 2 Pre/Syn-Rift ?
19
© K.R. McClay 2008 Exercise IS 1
Seismic Exercises - Inversion
TWT
(sec)
1.0
MTC?
Slumps
2.0
2.5 km
3.0
1.0
2.0
2.5 km
TWT
(sec)
0.0
Poor Data Quality
V
0.5 IV IV
II
IIIc Ic
II Ib IIIc
1.0 IIIa
Ia
Ic IIIb
Ic
Ib ? Ib
1.5 Ia Ia
?
? ? ?
22
Seismic Exercises - Inversion
0
Post-Inversion
IId
IId
TWT
(sec)
IIc
1 Post-Rift
IIc
Ib Ic
Ic IIa IIb
Ib
Ia
Ia
2
Basement
23
Seismic Exercises - Inversion
TWT sec
0 Sea Bed
Dyke in Fault
Strong Reflector
?
2 ?
? ? Basement
? ? ?
?
3
?
Basement
24
TWT Seismic Exercises - Inversion
(sec)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
Fluvial
Channels (?)
Footwall
Shortcut
4.0 Intra-Basement
Reflectors
5 km
5.0
TWT
(sec)
1.0
Sea Floor
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Footwall
Shortcut
3.5
4.0
26
Seismic Exercises - Inversion
N S
TWT secs
Steeply
1.0 Dipping
Beds
2.0
3.0
5 km
1.0
Zig-Zag
Faults
2.0 ?
3.0
2 km
© K.R. McClay 2008 Exercise IS 10
Basement Syn-Rift I Syn-Rift to Post Rift Syn-Inversion I Syn-Inversion II Post-Inversion
28
Seismic Exercises - Inversion
TWT S
Secs N
1.0
2.0
3.0
Volcanics
Volcanics
2 km
29
Seismic Exercises - Inversion
SSE NNW
Sea Floor
Sea Floor
Post-Inversion
U/C Channels?
0.0 IIc IIc
IIb U/C
U/C Post-Rift
Ic IIa
Ic
Ib Ic
2.0 Ib Ia
U/C
Ic Ia
Footwall
Deformation Ib
3.0
Highly Disturbed
Basement Reflectors
?
Approximate Position
of Main Inverted Fault
5 km
Post Inversion IIc IIb IIa Post Rift Syn-Rift Ia, Ib & Ic Basement
Syn-Inversion
© K.R. McClay 2008 Exercise IS 12
30
Seismic Exercises - Inversion
TWT
(sec)
0.0
Sea Floor
Syn-Inversion V
Syn-Inversion IV
Syn-Inversion III
1.0
Syn-Inversion II
Syn-Inversion I
Syn-Rift II
2.0 Syn-Rift I
Basement
2 km
Multiples
1.0
?
? Channels
?
2.0
?
3.0 Steep
Extension
Fault
Post-Inversion
Syn-Inversion
4.0 Post-Rift
Syn-Rift
‘Basement’ - Pre-Rift
‘Basement’ Pre-Rift
‘Basement’ Pre-Rift
2 km
Steeply
Dipping
Beds ?
1.0-
?
?
?
?
2.0-
?
3.0-
2 km
33
Seismic Exercises - Strike-Slip
TWT
(sec)
Drag into Flower Structure
Probable
Syn-Kinematic
Strata
1
?
2
Detached
at Depth ?
?
1 km
34
Seismic Exercises - Strike-Slip
W NE
Springer Fm (Mississippian)
Sycamore Fm (Mississippian)
2 km
Oil Creek Fm (Ordovician)
Basement H=V T A
© K.R. McClay 2008 Exercise SS 4
35
Seismic Exercises - Thrust Systems
TWT
(sec)
0.0
Prograding units
2.0
4.0
?
Imbricate thrusts
6.0
8.0
2 km
Pre-Growth I Pre-Growth II Pre-Growth III Growth I Growth II Growth III Growth IV Post-Growth
5.0
10.0
5 km
Pre-Growth I Pre-Growth II Pre-Growth III Growth I Growth II Growth III Growth IV Growth V Growth VI
37
Seismic Exercises - Thrust Systems
W E
Seabed
TWT
(sec)
4.0
5.0
6.0
2 km
TWT TWT
secs Agip - Budrio 1 Agip - Selva 2 secs
0 0
Quaternary
1 1
Middle Late
Pliocene
2 2
Early
Pliocene
Miocene-
Paleogene
Top of Miocene
3 Sequence 3
4 4
Top of Mesozoic Carbonate Sequence
Detachment Surface
5 5
5 km
6 6
Quartenary
Miocene-Paleogene
Middle Late Pliocene Syn-Kinematic
Growth Strata
Middle Pliocene Mesozoic Carbonates
Early Pliocene
39
Seismic Exercises - Thrust Systems
TWT
(sec) W E
0
Topographic Surface
3
Detachment in Ductile Shales
4
Top Marker Green Marker Brown Marker Carbonate Ductile Shales Footwall Units 1 km
40
Seismic Exercises - Thrust Systems
(km)
0.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Footwall Sequence
1 km
5.0
© K.R. McClay 2008 Exercise TS6
41
Seismic Exercises - Thrust Systems
TWT
(sec)
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
?
2 km
? ?
?
TWT
(sec)
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
?
?
8.0
2 km
Basement Pre-Rift Salt Pre-Growth I Pre-Growth II Pre-Growth III Growth I Growth II Growth III Post-Growth
43
Seismic Exercises - Thrust Systems
TWT
(sec)
4.0
BSR
5.0
6.0
7.0
2 km
Sea Floor
TWT
(sec)
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
2 km
Exercise TS 10
45
Syn-Kinematic I Syn-Kinematic II Syn-Kinematic III © K.R. McClay 2008
Seismic Exercises - Thrust Systems
Sea Floor
TWT
(sec)
4.0
5.0
6.0
2 km
TWT
(sec)
Sea Floor
3.0
4.0
5.0
2 km
6.0
47
Seismic Exercises - Thrust Systems
TWT
(sec)
4.0
6.0
5 km
48
Seismic Exercises - Thrust Systems
TWT
(sec) Ponded
hangingwall basins
3.0 Slumps
Slumps BSR
Poor migration
5.0
6.0
7.0
2 km
49
Seismic Exercises - Thrust Systems
TWT
(sec)
4.0
Sea Floor
BSR
5.0
6.0
5 km
3.0
4.0
5.0
1 km
TWT
(sec)
2.0
3.0
Seabed
4.0
5.0
6.0 2 km
TWT
(sec)
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
2 km
53