SERIAL DATA

COMMUNICATION I
Outline

 CONCEPT
 Pararel vs Serial
 Asycronous
 Syncronous

 EIA/RS 232 STANDARD

 RS-423 STANDARD

 EIA/RS 485 STANDARD

 RS-422 STANDARD

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Concept

Serial Communication

Transmitter Receiver
Parallel Communication

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Concept

K (ASCII Code = 4B hex)

 Serial Transmission
 Bits in register move out one
bit at a time, over the same
line
Transmitter Receiver
 Low data rate (bit per
second)
 Used for long distance
transmission

11 01 0 01 0

Transmitter Receiver

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Concept

 Parallel Transmission
• All bits in register move out at once,
over individual lines
• Faster data rate than serial
• Typically higher price
• Used usually only for short
distances, often within equipment
1
1
0
1
Transmitter Receiver Transmitter 0 Receiver
0
1
0
K (ASCII Code = 4B hex)
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 Asynchronous Communication

 Transmission is performed data

transm itter
using “start - stop” signal.

receiver
 Data are sent in frame of 5-8
bits. si g n a l g ro u n d

+ separated clock of
transmitter & receiver, tra n sm i t re ce i ve
precisely equal clock-rate of cl o ck cl o ck
is not necessary
+ simple equipment and lower K ( ASCII Code = 4B hex)
price
+ can handle communication
between slow and fast
equipment
- Low data-rate, requires
overhead (start bit, stop bit,
parity) in every transmitted
character

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 Synchronous Communication

 Transmission is tied to a
common clock.
data  Clock-rate is given either by
Transmitter

transmitter or by receiver,

Receiver
signal ground or embedded in the data
signal
clock + High data-rate, data are
sent in packet frame
- Higher price

- Only handle communication

between equipment of same
capability

preamble data postamble

01111110 10011..00 01111110

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 Equipment Definition

 DTE (Data Terminal Equipment): end device that

originates or receives data; e.g. computer, terminal,
(serial) printer, measuring instrument

 Transmission Medium, e.g. direct cable, public

telephone line, radio, optic fibre, etc

 DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment): device that

perform the encoding of data into signal suitable to
transmission medium and method, and vice versa;
e.g. telephone modem, radio modem, network interface
card

Modem Modem
Computer PSTN (Public Switching Computer
+ RS-232 Telephone Network) DCE + RS-232
DCE
DTE DTE

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 Point-to-point Communication

A B
 Simplex: uni-directional

Simplex

 Half Duplex: bi-

directional, but not
simultaneously Half Duplex

 Full Duplex: bi- Full Duplex

directional and
simultaneously

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 Multipoint Communication

 One master, many slaves

 One way communication: slaves can only
receive commands

Multidrop Communication
 One master, many slaves
 Two way communication: slaves can also
transmit response

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 EIA/RS-232 Standard
EIA/RS-232 is standard of interface between DTE and
DCE (e.g. the well-known serial port of PC),

What are defined

> Mechanical specification
> Electrical specification
> Functional specification
> Precedural specification

What are not defined

> Character encoding
> The framing of characters in the data stream
> Protocols for error detection
> Algorithms for data compression
> Bit rates for transmission

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Pelatihan Industrial Data Communications
 RS232 Mechanical Specification

DCE Ready Receive Line Signal Detector

Receive Data
Sheild Request To Send
Secondary Transmitted Data Transmitted Data
Transmit Data Clear To Send
Transmitter Signal Element Timing Data Terminal Ready
Receive Data Ring Indicator
Secondary Receive Data Signal Ground (Common)
Data To Send
Receiver Signal Element Timing
Clear To Send
Local Loopback
DCE Ready
Secondary Request To Send
Signal Ground (Common)
DTE Ready
Receive Line Signal Detector
Remote Loopback DB9 connector
Reserved
Ring indicator
Reserved
Data Signal Rate Selector
Unassigned
Transmit Signal Element Timing
Secondary Rcvd Line Sig Det
Test Mode
Secondary Clear To Send

DB25 connector

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RS232 Electrical Specification

Transmitter Receiver
+15,0 V +15,0 V

‘0’
‘0’
+5,0 V

+3,0 V

-3,0 V

-5,0 V

‘1’ ‘1’
-15,0 V -15,0 V

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 RS232 Functional Specification

Ditinjau dari sisi DTE :

Type Pin In/Out Name Function
Data 3 Out TX/TXD Transmitted data
2 In RX/RXD Received data
Control 7 Out RTS Requested To Send
8 In CTS Clear To Send
4 Out DTR Data Terminal Ready DTE DCE
6 In DSR Data Set Ready (COMPUTER) (MODEM)
1 In CD Carrier Detect CD (1) (1) CD
9 In RI Ring Indicator RXD (2) (2) RXD
Ground 5 SG Signal Ground TXD (3) (3) TXD
DTR (4) (4) DTR
GND (5) (5) GND
DSR (6) (6) DSR
RTS (7) (7) RTS
CTS (8) (8) CTS
RI (9) (9) RI

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RS232 Procedural Specification
(handshaking example)

............ Logic1
PIN 7
RTS
Logic 0

PIN 8
Transmitter CTS Receiver
Transmitter Receiver

PIN 3
TXD DATA

Time

RTS : Ready To Send

CTS : Clear To Send

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 EIA/RS-485 Standard
Terminator, to prevent reflection

R = Receiver G = Generator

 Define only the electrical specification:

Balance transmission, every signal requires a pair of
twisted cable
Signal level:  200 mV to  6 V , distance up to 1,2 km

 RS-485Features
 multi drop connection, up to 32 device
 a pair of cable (2 wires) for half-duplex communication
 two pair of cables (4 wires) for full-duplex communication

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 Termination

 To match transmission line impedance

 Depends on transmission line impedance.
For twisted pair cable (UTP) ~ 120 Ω
 Should be placed at the last transceiver on
the line (bus)
 Example :

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 Biasing

 Ensure receiver output remains “1” when

the bus is tristated
 Example (Fail/Safe Biasing) :

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 RS-232 vs RS-485
 RS-232:  RS-485:
 unbalanced  balanced
 point-to-point  multi-point/multi-drop
 full-duplex  half-duplex (2 wires)

A B

P Q R
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 RS-422 STANDARD

 Serial transmission
 Balanced, differential signal

 Higher data rate and more transmission

lenght than RS-232
 For multi-point communication network

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 RS-485 vs RS-422

RS-485 RS-422
 Multi-drop  Multi-point

 Up to 32 devices  Up to 10 slave

 Slave can send  Slave can only

and receive receive

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