Slides ChildhoodDevelopment Psychiatry

Childhood Development
Special Topics in Psychiatry Child Psychiatry
With Helen M. Farrell, M.D.
Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

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Learning Objectives
• Understand the developmental theories of

children.
• Know some of the most common child

psychiatry diagnoses.
• Be able to treat some of the common child

psychiatry disorders.

Age Groups
High-yield
Each age group is associated with physical, social, sexual
and cognitive changes.

Age Groups Definition
Infancy
The major emotional milestone is attachment.
(Birth 2.5 years)
include:
Egocentricity
Preschool around them.
(2.5 6 years)
Magical thinking the creative weaving of reality and fantasy to
explain how things occur in the world (associative logic).
Body image anxiety integrity.

Age Groups Definition
• Characterized by mastery of skills
• School and peer groups play a fundamental role
•
Latency
peers
(6 12 years)
• Children tend to develop best friends
•
points of view
• Emphasis is on creating a sense of autonomy

Adolescence
• Struggles to create a sense of identity separate from the parents
(12 18 years)
• Attractiveness is a key component of self-esteem
Theories of Development

Definition
Attachment theory is a reciprocal process of bonding that is based on the care and relationship
that develop between the infant and his primary caregiver.
The result of this attachment behavior is an infant who feels protected by his mother.
Despair the infant gives up Detachment infant has

Protest infant is separated
hope that the mother will emotionally separated
and cries
ever return himself from the mother
Mary Ainsworth Definition
Created a model to determine the quality and strength

of the attachment between mother and infant.
Developed the stranger situation to observe the infant in increasingly stressful situations.
Mary Ainsworth Definition

Separation-individuation Process Definition
Separation individuation process occurs between a mother and child
Begins at approximately five months of age and is followed through the first three years of life
Self-awareness
Child can maintain
Physical distance begins to develop.
Physical movement an internal
through walking and The child wants to
away from mother representation of
separation anxiety stay close to the
begins mother even when
occurs mother, but also
she is not there.
wants to explore.
Consolidation/
Differentiation Practicing Rapprochement
Object constancy
(5 10 months) (10 15 months) (18 24 months)
(24 36 months)
Definition
The sexual goal of each stage is to derive pleasure and to relieve pain.
development
Genitals become the
Infant is
focused on Sexual
and satisfaction. Oedipal Genital
sucking at the urges are development
complex child falls in sexuality
breast the centered during this
love with parent of develops and
source of all around phase is
opposite sex and wants to proceeds into
satisfaction bowel relatively
have an exclusive adulthood.
and functioning. stagnant.
possession of that parent
frustration.
and eliminate the other.
Oral phase Anal phase Phallic (genital) phase Latency Adolescence
(birth 1 year) (1 3 years) (3 5 years) (6 11 years) (12 18 years)
Definition
Autonomy vs.
Trust vs. mistrust
shame and doubt
(birth 1 year)
(1 3 years)
Integrity vs. despair Initiative vs. guilt

(65 years +) (3 6 years)
Generativity vs. Industry vs.

stagnation inferiority
(40 65 years) (6 12 years)
Intimacy vs. Identity vs. role

isolation confusion
(20 40 years) (12 20 years)
Piaget Cognitive Development Definition
Child follows a continuous pattern of

behavior of adapting and responding to
various stimuli in the environment.
Described as a schema a pattern or

loop of behavior: stimulus-response-
awareness

Child Assessment Diagnosis
A. Child
B. 1. Tend to report information in concrete terms
C. 2. Give accurate details about emotional state
D.

A. Child
B. Parents
C. 1. issues
D. 2.
3. Ask about family history of psychiatric disorders

A. Child
B. Parents
C. Teachers
D. 1. Good collateral sources
2.

A. Child
B. Parents
C. Teachers
D. Welfare/justice
1. Check-in with these sources if applicable

Mental Retardation/Intellectual Disability Definition
Significantly below-average intellectual

High-yield
functioning (IQ of 70 or below)
Deficits occur in adaptive skills appropriate

for the age

Hearing and Visual Disorders vs. Learning Disorders Diagnosis
High-yield
Hearing and visual disorders must be ruled out before
diagnosing learning disorders.

Learning Disorders Types
Reading disorders Mathematics disorders Written expression

disorders

Mental Retardation/Intellectual Disability Causes Etiology
Genetic Perinatal
Down syndrome, Fragile X Anoxia, prematurity, birth

Causes Trauma
Prenatal infection and

Postnatal
toxins (TORCH)
AIDS, toxoplasmosis, Hypothyroidism,
Syphilis, alcohol/drugs, Malnutrition, toxin exposure,
Herpes, rubella Trauma
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
This document is a property of: Stephan Carlson
Note: This document is copyright protected. It may not be copied, reproduced, used, or
distributed in any way without the written authorization of Lecturio GmbH.


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Childhood Development

Special Topics in Psychiatry Child Psychiatry

With Helen M. Farrell, M.D.

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

• Understand the developmental theories of

• Know some of the most common child

• Be able to treat some of the common child

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

Body image anxiety integrity.

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

• Characterized by mastery of skills

• School and peer groups play a fundamental role

• Emphasis is on creating a sense of autonomy

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

Despair the infant gives up Detachment infant has

Created a model to determine the quality and strength

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

Separation individuation process occurs between a mother and child

Integrity vs. despair Initiative vs. guilt

Generativity vs. Industry vs.

Intimacy vs. Identity vs. role

Child follows a continuous pattern of

Described as a schema a pattern or

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

B. 1. Tend to report information in concrete terms

C. 2. Give accurate details about emotional state

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

3. Ask about family history of psychiatric disorders

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

D. 1. Good collateral sources

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

1. Check-in with these sources if applicable

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

Significantly below-average intellectual

Deficits occur in adaptive skills appropriate

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

Reading disorders Mathematics disorders Written expression

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

Down syndrome, Fragile X Anoxia, prematurity, birth

Prenatal infection and

Stephan Carlson, stephancarlsonmd@gmail.com

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