$$?

The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006
MPNP'20M 1NP-50

peripheral interactions of colliding nuclei, and do not contain the useful information on dynamics
of the initial act of the interaction.
The present work contains the intermediate results on investigations of processes of the
oxygen fragmentation in interactions with protons at 3.25 A GeV/s and is devoted to the study of
inclusive cross sections of formation of 3Hi, 3He2, and 4He2 nuclei at different topological
channels of the initial nucleus decay and identification of mechanisms of production of the few-
nucleon nuclei based on the experimental material consisting of 13759 measured 16Op-events.
The momentum spectra of the formed deuterons were investigated, and their multiplicities
and inclusive cross sections determined. It is shown, that in formation of the deuterons flying
back, the main contribution comes from the "evaporation" process and the Fermi-break-up
mechanism. In formation of the deuterons flying forward, besides the above mentioned
mechanisms, the mechanisms of coalescence of cascade nucleons, the decays of the relatively fast
excited light fragments, and the direct knock-out of the deuterons from the oxygen nucleus can be
the reasons for the hardness of the process and for formation of the irregularities at their
momentum spectrum. The mechanism of capturing one of the neutrons of the oxygen nucleus by
the leading proton is also possible.
The momentum spectra of the formed 3H], and 3He2 nuclei were investigated, and their
multiplicities and inclusive cross sections determined. The correlations of multiplicities of the
fragments and Tt-mesons with formation of the few-nucleon isotopes were investigated. The
difference in mechanisms of formation of 4He2, and few-nucleon nuclei 3H], and 3He2 was
established, that is, the formation of 3H]5 and 3He2 nuclei proceeds at conditions of high
excitations of the oxygen nucleus. It was shown that the process of coalescence of the cascade
nucleons, knocked out quasi-elastically from the oxygen nucleus, is the main mechanism of
formation of the fast fragments with A=3, whereas for the slow fragments the mechanisms of the
Fermi-break-up of the excited oxygen nucleus and the knocking-out one of the nucleons of an a-
cluster of the initial nucleus are responsible for their production.

UZ0603062

PRODUCTION OF CUMULATIVE PROTONS IN HADRON- AND

NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS AT HIGH ENERGIES
Olimov K.1, Olimov Kh.K.1, Petrov V.I.1, Olimov A.K.1, Lutpullaev S.L.1,
Bekmirzaev R.N.2, Sattarov A.R.1, Yuldashev B.S.3
1
Physical-Technical Institute of SPA "Physics-Sun ", Tashkent, Uzbekistan
2
State Pedagogical University, Djizakh, Uzbekistan
3
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The present report is devoted to the investigation of the singularities of formation of the
cumulative protons in interactions ofri~mesons, protons, 4He2, and 12C nuclei with carbon nuclei
at high energies. The interest to the study of formation of the particles in the kinematically
forbidden region, called as the cumulative particles, is caused by the principal possibility to
investigate the properties of the nuclear matter at ultra-short distances to detect the quark degrees
of freedom, which is extremely important for the progress in the hadron physics.

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Section I. Physics of Particles and Nuclei
 The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006
MPNP'2006

The experimental data analyzed here were obtained in conditions of 4 % -geometry with the
use of 2-m propane bubble chamber of the laboratory of high energies of JINR (Dubna),
irradiated by %~ -mesons having the momentum 40 GeV/c at Serpukhov accelerator U-70, and
irradiated by protons, 4He2 and 12C nuclei with the momentum 4.2 A GeV/c at Dubna
Synchrophasotron. The methodological questions, connected with the analysis of stereo-photos,
determination of the kinematical characteristics of the secondary particles and their identification,
and inclusions of corrections due to the loss of protons ejected at high angle relative to the plane
of the photo-shooting, are described in [1-4]. The separation of protons (of target) and 7t+ -
mesons was done visually by their ionization in the region p<0.8 GeV/c. The total experimental
statistics is 67073 events, which is the quite high number for the bubble chamber experiments.
The protons with the cumulative parameter [3>1.2, where p=(E-P*cose)/mn ( E - total energy, P -
total momentum, 0 - ejection angle of the proton, mn - nucleon (proton) mass), and having the
momentum P>0.2 GeV/c (i.e. excluding the «evaporation» protons) were considered as the
cumulative ones.
As an example, the distributions of the protons on the cumulative number P in the region
p>1.2 in CC and TCC - interactions at 4.2 A GeV/c and 40 GeV/c, respectively, are given in
figure. There the results of approximation of the experimental data by the expression fifi) —
aexp(-bfi) (1) are shown by the straight lines.

1000 c-

I2 100

a
<<.
o
I
i 10 r

1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9

P
Fig. The distribution of the cumulative protons on the cumulative number ft (in the region fi
> 1.2) in CC and %~C- interactions at 4.2 A GeV/c (o) and 40 GeV/c (•), respectively. The
straight lines - the results of approximation of the experimental data by the expression (1)
The results of approximation of all the experimental data on the cumulative number /?
according to the expression (1) are given in table. It is seen from table that the values of the slope
parameter b coincide within statistical uncertainties for all types of the considered interactions
and initial energies. The value of b averaged over all ensembles is 8.1 ± 0.1. It is interesting to
mention that not only the invariant inclusive cross sections of production of the cumulative
protons on the cumulative number, but also the distributions of protons on the same number, have
the exponential character.

133
Section I. Physics of Particles and Nuclei
 The Sixth Internationa) Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006

Table. The slope parameters according to the parameterization (1) and the mean number of the
cumulative and non-cumulative protons for the events with production of the cumulative proton
The type of The mean number of The mean number
The slope X2/deg. of
interaction, non-cumulative of the cumulative
parameter, b freed.
P0(GeV/c) protons protons
if C, 40.0 8.18 ±0.26 1.1 1.23 ±0.03 1.06 ±0.03
pC,4.2 8.09 ± 0.49 1.0 2.03 ± 0.06 1.04 ±0.03
pC, 9.9 8.10 ±0.25 0.9 1.90 ±0.03 1.06 ±0.03
4
HeC, 4.2 A 8.00 ± 0.28 1.2 2.43 ± 0.05 1.06 ±0.05
CC, 4.2 A 8.14 ±0.20 0.4 2.61 ±0.04 1.05 ±0.04
The mean multiplicities of the cumulative and non-cumulative protons in the momentum
region 0.2 < P <0.8 GeV/c for the events with formation of the cumulative proton are also
presented in table. It is seen that the mean multiplicities of non-cumulative protons depend on the
type of projectile, whereas the multiplicities of the cumulative protons depend neither on the type
of projectile nor on the initial energy, within statistical uncertainties, and have the average value
1.05 ±0.02.
Such a behavior of the characteristics of the cumulative protons was predicted by the theory
long ago [5], according to which, upon an increase by the momenta of the constituent quarks of
the confinement threshold (0.3-0.5 GeV/c), the quark degrees of freedom of the colliding objects
start to manifest themselves. Above this threshold, the universality of the behavior of the spectra
of the cumulative particles, which can be characterized as "the nuclear scaling", is observed. That
is, the slopes of the energy spectra of the cumulative particles do not depend on the initial energy,
the type of projectile, and the mass number of the target.
Based on the presented results, one can say about observation of the local properties of the
nuclear matter - the scaling invariance in the cumulative processes.

References:
1. A.U. Abdurahimov et al., Preprint JINR, Pl-6277, Dubna (1972).
2. G.N. Agakishiev et al., Preprint JINR, PI-83-327, Dubna (1983).
3. I.A. Ivanovskaya, Preprint JINR, PI-91-264, Dubna (1991).
4. A.I. Bondarenko et al., Preprint JINR, PI-98-292, Dubna (1998).
5. A.M. Baldin, The short reports on physics of USSR AS, 35 (1971).

UZ0603063

ELECTRON SCATTERING STUDIES BY MEANS

OF VARIOUS NUCLEAR MODELS
Essaniyazov Sh.1, Juraev Sh.1, Ismatov E.I.2
State University, Termez, Uzbekistan
2
State Pedagogical Institute, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

Let us consider a general case of various interaction processes of electrons with nuclei. The
study of the scattering o electrons of nuclei is the source of information on the structure of nuclei.
At collision of fast electrons with nuclei, both elastic and inelastic scattering can be observed.

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Section I. Physics of Particles and Nuclei