ADJUSTABLE MULTI NUT TIGHTENER AND

REMOVER

PROJECT REPORT 2016-2017

Submitted by:
(Team name)

COLLEGE LOGO

Guided by:

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Award of Diploma

in ----------------------------------------- By the State Board of

Technical Education Government of TamilNadu.On, Chennai.

Department:
College name:
Place:
 COLLEGE NAME

COIMBATORE

DEPARTMENT

PROJECT REPORT-2015-2016

This Report is certified to be the Bonafide work done by

Selvan/Selvi ---------------- Reg.No. ------------ Of VI
Semester class of this college.

Guide Head of the Department

Submitter for the Practical Examinations of the board of
Examinations, State Board of Technical Education,
Chennai, TamilNadu.On -------------- (date) held at the
------------ (college name), Coimbatore

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At this pleasing movement of having successfully

completed our project, we wish to convey our sincere thanks
and gratitude to the management of our college and our
beloved chairman------------------------.who provided all the
facilities to us.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our

principal ------------------for forwarding us to do our project and
offering adequate duration in completing our project.

We are also grateful to the Head of Department

prof…………., for her/him constructive suggestions
&encouragement during our project.

With deep sense of gratitude, we extend our earnest

&sincere thanks to our guide --------------------, Department of
Mechanical for her/him kind guidance and encouragement
during this project we also express our indebt thanks to our
TEACHING staff of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT,
---------- (college Name).
ADJUSTABLE MULTI NUT TIGHTENER

AND REMOVER
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE

SYNOPSIS
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Introduction
2 Literature review
3 Description of equipments
3.1 Chain drive
3.2 Bearing
3.3 Spanner
3.4 Lead screw
3.5 DC motor
4 Design and drawing
5 Working principle
6 Merits & demerits
7 Applications
8 List of materials
9 Cost Estimation
10 Conclusion
Bibliography
photography
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure
Number Title

1 Overall Diagram

SYNOPSIS
 The main concept of the proposed system is bolt/nut fitting &

removing. The heart of the project is lead screw handle which has

to perform the tightening (or) loosening path function and motor is

used to tightening (or) loosening the nut. The mechanical parts are

used here for driving operation. The components used here for

efficient function is handle, chain drive arrangement, bearing block

and tighter or remover.

 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER-1
 INTRODUCTION

Vehicle is an important machine in human daily life.

Nowadays, each family has at least one vehicle to make the

transportation easy and faster. For a vehicle, the tool set-up for

each vehicle is a T-nut wrench and vehicle jacker which is hard to

use for a women or teen to open their vehicle nut. In 2006, a tire

nut removal with pitch circle diameter has been developed to

replace T-nut wrench that can reduce the force and torque needed

to open the nuts and open all four nuts simultaneously. This tool

used mild steel as the main material to fabricate a gearing system,

this nut removal has been improved about the weight, cost of

production. The new nut removal has gear ratio that converts the

force and torque better than the first tire but removal with total

weight. The main material to fabricate the spur gear has been

changed to thermoset plastic material that is Nylatron GSM Blue

with lighter weight and cheaper compared to the mild steel

material. The new gear ratio has convert the torque to that can be
supported by power window motor that will be used to help the

pitch circle diameter car user. The design of this product is

demanded to be smaller and compact to make it easy and

comfortable for the user. A nut removal has been designed to make

the tire nut removal smaller, lighter and efficient. Westinghouse

Company.
 CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE SURVEY

CHAPTER-2
 LITERATURE SURVEY

NUT:

A nut is a type of hardware fastener with a threaded hole.

Nuts are almost always used opposite a mating bolt to fasten a

stack of parts together. The two partners are kept together by a

combination of their threads' friction, a slight stretch of the bolt,

and compression of the parts. In applications where vibration or

rotation may work a nut loose, various locking mechanisms may

be employed: Adhesives, safety pins or lockwire, nylon inserts, or

slightly oval-shaped threads. The most common shape is

hexagonal, for similar reasons as the bolt head - 6 sides give a

good granularity of angles for a tool to approach from (good in

tight spots), but more (and smaller) corners would be vulnerable to

being rounding off. Other specialized shapes exist for certain

needs, such as wing nuts for finger adjustment and captive nuts for

inaccessible areas.

NUT GRADE:
 Nuts are graded with strength ratings compatible with their

respective bolts; for example, an ISO property class 10 nut will be

able to support the bolt proof strength load of an ISO property

class 10.9 bolt without stripping. Likewise, an SAE class 5 nut can

support the proof load of an SAE class 5 bolt, and so on. The proof

strength of the most common property classes is listed at bolted

joint.

TYPES OF NUT:

 Barrel nut

 Cap Nut (acorn nut)

 Cage Nut

 Clip-on nut (J-nut or U-nut)

 Coupling Nut

 Crushed Nut

 Flange Nut (collar nut)

 Insert Nut

 Internal Wrenching Nut (Allen nut)

 Knurled Nut (thumb nut)

 Lug Nut

 Panel Nut

 Plate nut (nut plate)

 PEM nut (for metal)

 Rivet nut or blind nut

 Self-aligning nut

 Sex bolt

 Swage nut

 Slotted Nut

 Split Nut

 Square Nut

 Staked/welded nut (for plastic)

 Nut-type MJT

 T-nut

 T-slot nut (T-groove) nut

 Weld Nut

 Well Nut

 Wing Nut
SCREW OR BOLT:

There is not a universally accepted definition of the word,

screw. It generally refers to a smaller threaded fastener with a

tapered shaft. The section Differentiation between bolt and screw

above for a more detailed discussion.

TYPES OF SCREW OR BOLT

(1)WOOD SCREW:

Generally has an unthreaded portion of the shaft below the

head. It is designed to attach two pieces of wood together.

(2)LAG SCREW (LAG BOLT):

Similar to a wood screw except that it is generally much

larger running to lengths up to 15 inches (381 mm) with diameters

from ¼" to ½" (6.4–12.25 mm) in commonly available (hardware

store) sizes (not counting larger mining and civil engineering lags

and lag bolts) and it generally has a hexagonal head drive head.

Lag bolts are designed for securely fastening heavy timbers (post

and beams, timber railway trestles and bridges) to one another, or

to fasten wood to masonry or concrete. Lag bolts are usually used

with an expanding insert called a lag in masonry or concrete walls,

the lag manufactured with a hard metal jacket that bites into the

sides of the drilled hole, and the inner metal in the lag being a

softer alloy of lead, or zinc amalgamated with soft iron. The coarse

thread of a lag bolt and lag mesh and deform slightly making a

secure near water tight anti-corroding mechanically strong

fastening.

(3)SHEET METAL SCREW (SELF-TAPPING SCREW,

THREAD CUTTING SCREWS)

Has sharp threads that cut into a material such as sheet metal,

plastic or wood. They are sometimes notched at the tip to aid in

chip removal during thread cutting. The shaft is usually threaded

up to the head. Sheet metal screws make excellent fasteners for

attaching metal hardware to wood because the fully threaded shaft

provides good retention in wood.

(4)SELF-DRILLING SCREW (TEKS SCREW):

 Similar to a sheet metal screw, but it has a drill-shaped point

to cut through the substrate to eliminate the need for drilling a pilot

hole. Designed for use in soft steel or other metals.

(5)DRYWALL SCREW:

Specialized screw with a bugle head that is designed to attach

drywall to wood or metal studs, however it is a versatile

construction fastener with many uses. The diameter of drywall

screw threads is larger than the shaft diameter.

(6)PARTICLE BOARD SCREW (CHIPBOARD SCREW)

Similar to a drywall screw except that it has a thinner shaft

and provides better holding power in particle board.

(7)DECK SCREW

Similar to drywall screw except that it is has improved

corrosion resistance and is generally supplied in a larger gauge.

(8)DOUBLE ENDED SCREW (DOWEL SCREW)

Similar to a wood screw but with two pointed ends and no

head, used for making hidden joints between two pieces of wood.

(8)SCREW EYE (EYE SCREW)

Screw with a looped head. Larger ones are sometimes call lag

eye screws. Designed to be used as attachment point, particularly

for something that is hung from it.

FASTENERS WITH A NON-TAPERED SHAFT

Bolt

There is no universally accepted definition of the word "bolt". It

generally refers to a larger threaded fastener with a non-tapered

shaft. See the section Differentiation between bolt and screw above

for a more detailed discussion.

Cap screw
In places the term is used interchangeably with "bolt". In the past

the term "cap screw" was restricted to threaded fasteners with a

shaft that is threaded all the way to the head, but this is now a non-

standard usage.

Hex cap screw

Cap screw with a hexagonal head, designed to be driven by a

wrench (spanner). An ASME B18.2.1 compliant cap screw has

somewhat tighter tolerances than a hex bolt for the head height and

the shaft length. The nature of the tolerance difference allows an

ASME B18.2.1 hex cap screw to always fit where a hex bolt is

installed but a hex bolt could be slightly too large to be used where

a hex cap screw is designed in.

Hex bolt

At times the term is used interchangeably with "hex cap screw".

An ASME B18.2.1 compliant hex bolt is built to different

tolerances than a hex cap screw.

Socket cap screw

Also known as a socket head cap screw, socket screw or Allen bolt,

this is a type of cap screw with a hexagonal recessed drive. The

most common types in use have a cylindrical head whose diameter

is nominally 1.5 times (1960 series design) that of the screw shank

(major) diameter. Counter bored holes in parts allow the screw

head to be flush with the surface or recessed. Other head designs

include button head and flat head, the latter designed to be seated

into countersunk holes. A hex key (sometimes referred to as an

"Allen wrench" or "Allen key") or hex driver is required to tighten

or loosen a socket screw. Socket screws are commonly used in

assemblies that do not provide sufficient clearance for a

conventional wrench or socket.

MACHINE SCREW

Generally a smaller fastener (less than ¼ inch in diameter)

threaded the entire length of its shaft that usually has a recessed

drive type (slotted, Phillips, etc.). Machine screws are also made
with socket heads (see above), in which case they may be referred

to as socket head machine screws.

SELF-TAPPING MACHINE SCREW

Similar to a machine screw except the lower part of the shaft is

designed to cut threads as the screw is driven into an untapped

hole. The advantage of this screw type over a self-tapping screw is

that, if the screw is reinstalled, new threads are not cut as the screw

is driven.

SET SCREW (GRUB SCREW)

Generally a headless screw but can be any screw used to fix a

rotating part to a shaft. The set screw is driven through a threaded

hole in the rotating part until it is tight against the shaft. The most

often used type is the socket set screw, which is tightened or

loosened with a hex key or hex driver.

TAP BOLT

A bolt that is threaded all the way to the head. An ASME B18.2.1

compliant tap bolt has the same tolerances as an ASME B18.2.1

compliant hex cap screw.

STUD

Similar to a bolt but without the head. Studs are threaded on both

ends. In some cases the entire length of the stud is threaded, while

in other cases there will be an un-threaded section in the middle.

EYE BOLT

A bolt with a looped head.

TOGGLE BOLT

A bolt with a special nut known as a wing. It is designed to be used

where there is no access to side of the material where the nut is

located. Usually the wing is spring loaded and expands after being

inserted into the hole.

CARRIAGE BOLT (COACH BOLT)

Has a domed or countersunk head, and the shaft is topped by a

short square section under the head. The square section grips into

the part being fixed (typically wood), preventing the bolt from

turning when the nut is tightened. A rib neck carriage bolt has

several longitudinal ribs instead of the square section, to grip into a

metal part being fixed.

STOVE BOLT

Similar to a carriage bolt, but usually used in metal. It requires a

square hole in the metal being bolted to prevent the bolt from

turning.

SHOULDER SCREW

Screw used for revolving joints in mechanisms and linkages. A

shoulder screw consists of the shaft, which is ground to a precise

diameter, and a threaded end, which is smaller in diameter than the

shaft. Unlike other threaded fasteners, the size of a shoulder screw

is defined by the shaft diameter, not the thread diameter. Shoulder

screws are also called stripper bolts, as they are often used as

guides for the stripper plate(s) in a die set.

THUMB SCREW

A threaded fastener designed to be twisted into a tapped hole by

hand without the use of tools.

TENSION CONTROL BOLT (TC BOLT)

Heavy duty bolt used in steel frame construction. The head is

usually domed and is not designed to be driven. The end of the

shaft has a spline on it which is engaged by a special power

wrench which prevents the bolt from turning while the nut is

tightened. When the appropriate torque is reached the spline shears

off.

The thread and saving material. A rolled thread can be

distinguished from a thread formed by a die as the outside diameter

of the thread is greater than the diameter of the unthreaded portion

of the shaft. Bicycle spokes, which are just bolts with long thin

unthreaded portions, always use rolled threads for strength.

Various methods of distinguishing bolts and screws exist or

have existed. These methods conflict at times and can be

confusing. Old SAE and USS standards made a distinction

between a bolt and a cap screw based on whether a portion of the

shaft was unthreaded or not. Cap screws had shafts that were

threaded up to the head and bolts had partially threaded shafts.

ASMEB18.2.1 defines a bolt as "an externally threaded

fastener designed for insertion through the holes in assembled

parts, and is normally intended to be tightened or released by

torquing a nut." Using this definition to determine whether a

particular threaded fastener is a screw or a bolt requires that an

assumption be made about the intended purpose of the threaded

fastener, and as a practical matter does not seem to be followed by

most threaded fastener manufacturers. It also conflicts with

common usage such as the term "head bolt", which is a threaded

fastener that passes via clearance hole through a cylinder head to

mate with a tapped hole in the engine block and is not intended to

mate with a nut.

It is possible to find other distinctions than those described

above, but regardless of the particular distinction favored by an

individual or standards body the use of the term screw or bolt

varies. More specific terms for threaded fastener types that include

the word screw or bolt (such as machine screw or carriage bolt)

have more consistent usage and are the common way to specify a

particular kind of fastener.

The US government made an effort to formalize the

difference between a bolt and a screw, because different tariffs

apply to each. The document seems to have no significant effect on

common usage and does not eliminate the ambiguous nature of the

distinction for some fasteners.

ULTIMATE AIM

The ultimate aim of our project is to remove the vehicle tire

nut and bolt with the help of handle it is fabricated model. So here

we are using the handle to run the spanner box.

 CHAPTER 3

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
 CHAPTER-3

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS

The components has used for efficient function of individual

blocks are

 Nut fitting and removing arrangement

 Chain drive arrangements

3.1 CHAIN DRIVE

Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from

one place to another. It is often used to convey power to the wheels

of a vehicle, particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used

in a wide variety of machines besides vehicles. The power is

conveyed by a roller chain, known as the drive chain, passing over

a sprocket gear, with the teeth of the gear meshing with the holes

in the links of the chain. The gear is turned, and this pulls the chain

putting mechanical force.

3.2BEARING

A bearing is any of various machine elements that constrain

the relative motion between two or more parts to only the desired

type of motion. This is typically to allow and promote free rotation

around a fixed axis or free linear movement; it may also be to

prevent any motion, such as by controlling the vectors of normal

forces. Bearings may be classified broadly according to the

motions they allow and according to their principle of operation, as

well as by the directions of applied loads they can handle.

 The term "bearing" comes ultimately from the verb "to bear",

and a bearing is thus a machine element that allows one part to

bear another.

The simplest bearings are nothing more than bearing

surfaces, which are surfaces cut or formed into a part, with some
degree of control over the quality of the surface's form, size,

surface roughness, and location (from a little control to a lot,

depending on the application). Many other bearings are separate

devices that are installed into the part or machine. The most

sophisticated bearings, for the most demanding applications, are

very expensive, highly precise devices, whose manufacture

involves some of the highest technology known to human kind.

3.3 SPANNER

A wrench (or spanner) is a tool used to provide grip and

mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objects—usually

rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts—or keep them from

turning. In British English, spanner is the standard term. The most

common shapes are calledopen-ended spanner and ring spanner.

The term wrench refers to various types of adjustable spanner.

3.4LEAD SCREW

A lead screw also known as a power screw or translation

screw is a screw designed to translate radial motion into linear

motion. Common applications are machine slides (such as in

machine tools), vises, presses, and jacks.

A lead screw nut and screw mate with rubbing surfaces, and

consequently they have a relatively high friction and stiction

compared to mechanical parts which mate with rolling surfaces

and bearings. Their efficiency is typically between 25 and 70%,

with higher pitch screws tending to be more efficient. A higher

performing, and more expensive, alternative is the ball screw.

The high internal friction means that lead screw systems are not

usually capable of continuous operation at high speed, as they will

overheat. Due to inherently high stiction, the typical screw is self-

locking (i.e. when stopped, a linear force on the nut will not apply

a torque to the screw) and are often used in applications where

back driving is unacceptable, like holding vertical loads or in hand

cranked machine tools.

Lead screws are typically used well greased, but, with an

appropriate nut, it may be run dry with somewhat higher friction.

There is often a choice of nuts, and manufacturers will specify

screw and nut combinations as a set.

The mechanical advantage of a lead screw is determined by the

screw pitch and lead. For multi-start screws the mechanical

advantage is lower, but the traveling speed is better.

Backlash can be reduced with the use of a second nut to create a

static loading force known as preload; alternately, the nut can be

cut along a radius and preloaded by clamping that cut back

together.

A lead screw will back drive. A lead screw’s tendency to back

drive depends on its thread helix angle, coefficient of friction of

the interface of the components (screw/nut) and the included angle

of the thread form. In general, a steel acme thread and bronze nut

will back drive when the helix angle of the thread is greater than

20°.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

The advantages of a lead screw are:

 Large load carrying capability

 Compact

 Simple to design

 Easy to manufacture; no specialized machinery is required

  Large mechanical advantage

 Precise and accurate linear motion

 Smooth, quiet, and low maintenance

 Minimal number of parts

 Most are self-locking

The disadvantages are that most are not very efficient.

 Due to the low efficiency they cannot be used in continuous

power transmission applications.

 They also have a high degree for friction on the threads,

which can wear the threads out quickly.

 For square threads, the nut must be replaced; for trapezoidal

threads, a split nut may be used to compensate for the wear.

3.5 DC MOTOR

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

In any electric motor, operation is based on simple

electromagnetism. A current-carrying conductor generates a magnetic

field; when this is then placed in an external magnetic field, it will

experience a force proportional to the current in the conductor, and to

the strength of the external magnetic field. As you are well aware of

from playing with magnets as a kid, opposite (North and South)

polarities attract, while like polarities (North and North, South and

South) repel. The internal configuration of a DC motor is designed to

harness the magnetic interaction between a current-carrying

conductor and an external magnetic field to generate rotational

motion.

Let's start by looking at a simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here

red represents a magnet or winding with a "North" polarization, while

green represents a magnet or winding with a "South" polarization).

 Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor (armature),

stator, commutator, field magnet(s), and brushes. In most common

DC motors, the external magnetic field is produced by high-strength

permanent magnets. The stator is the stationary part of the motor --

this includes the motor casing, as well as two or more permanent

magnet pole pieces. The rotor (together with the axle and attached

commutator) rotate with respect to the stator. The rotor consists of

windings (generally on a core), the windings being electrically

connected to the commutator. The above diagram shows a common

motor layout -- with the rotor inside the stator (field) magnets.

The geometry of the brushes, commutator contacts, and rotor

windings are such that when power is applied, the polarities of the

energized winding and the stator magnet(s) are misaligned, and the

rotor will rotate until it is almost aligned with the stator's field

magnets. As the rotor reaches alignment, the brushes move to the

next commutator contacts, and energize the next winding. Given our

example two-pole motor, the rotation reverses the direction of current

through the rotor winding, leading to a "flip" of the rotor's magnetic

field, driving it to continue rotating.

 In real life, though, DC motors will always have more than two

poles (three is a very common number). In particular, this avoids

"dead spots" in the commutator. You can imagine how with our

example two-pole motor, if the rotor is exactly at the middle of its

rotation (perfectly aligned with the field magnets), it will get "stuck"

there. Meanwhile, with a two-pole motor, there is a moment where the

commutator shorts out the power supply. This would be bad for the

power supply, waste energy, and damage motor components as well.

Yet another disadvantage of such a simple motor is that it would

exhibit a high amount of torque "ripple" (the amount of torque it could

produce is cyclic with the position of the rotor).

 So since most small DC motors are of a three-pole design, let's

tinker with the workings of one via an interactive animation

(JavaScript required):

few things from this -- namely, one pole is fully energized at a

time (but two others are "partially" energized). As each brush

transitions from one commutator contact to the next, one coil's field

will rapidly collapse, as the next coil's field will rapidly charge up (this

occurs within a few microsecond). We'll see more about the effects of

this later, but in the meantime you can see that this is a direct result

of the coil windings' series wiring:

 There's probably no better way to see how an average DC

motor is put together, than by just opening one up. Unfortunately this

is tedious work, as well as requiring the destruction of a perfectly

good motor.

The guts of a disassembled Mabuchi FF-030-PN motor (the

same model that Solarbotics sells) are available for (on 10 lines / cm

graph paper). This is a basic 3-pole DC motor, with 2 brushes and

three commutator contacts.

The use of an iron core armature (as in the Mabuchi, above) is

quite common, and has a number of advantages. First off, the iron

core provides a strong, rigid support for the windings -- a particularly

important consideration for high-torque motors. The core also

conducts heat away from the rotor windings, allowing the motor to be

driven harder than might otherwise be the case. Iron core

construction is also relatively inexpensive compared with other

construction types.

But iron core construction also has several disadvantages. The

iron armature has a relatively high inertia which limits motor

acceleration. This construction also results in high winding

inductances which limit brush and commutator life.

In small motors, an alternative design is often used which

features a 'coreless' armature winding. This design depends upon the

coil wire itself for structural integrity. As a result, the armature is

hollow, and the permanent magnet can be mounted inside the rotor

coil. Coreless DC motors have much lower armature inductance than

iron-core motors of comparable size, extending brush and

commutator life.
 The coreless design also allows manufacturers to build smaller

motors; meanwhile, due to the lack of iron in their rotors, coreless

motors are somewhat prone to overheating. As a result, this design is

generally used just in small, low-power motors. Beamers will most

often see coreless DC motors in the form of pager motors.

Again, disassembling a coreless motor can be instructive -- in

this case, my hapless victim was a cheap pager vibrator motor. The

guts of this disassembled motor are available (on 10 lines / cm graph

paper). This is (or more accurately, was) a 3-pole coreless DC motor.

 CHAPTER-4
DESIGN AND DRAWING
 DRAWING

DRAWING FOR ADJUSTABLE MULTI NUT TIGHTENER AND

REMOVER
 BEARING

TOTAL NO OF BEARINGS USED = 10

SPROCKET
 CHAPTER 5

WORKING PRINCIPLE
 CHAPTER-5

WORKING PRINCIPLE

The main components involved in this project consist of two

Lead screw setup, motor, chain sprocket, bearing and base frame.

If we rotate the DC motor for forward rotation, it helps to fix the

bolt / nut, or else if we rotate the motor for reverse rotation, it helps

to remove the bolt / nut. The efficient function of lead screw

handle for chain adjustment (or) diagonal movement. We can give

the rotation depending on our own purpose (either forward or

reverse movement) of the handle. Also the PCD of the four nuts

and bolt removing arrangement can be adjusted with help of lead

screw and handle.

 SQUARE DC MOTOR CALCULATION

SPECIFICATION:

Speed N = 30 RPM

Voltage V = 12 Volt

Current I = 0.3 A (loading condition)

Current I = 0.06 A (No Load Condition)

Power P =V x I=12x0.3 = 3.6 WATT

P= 0.0048 HP

Motor Efficiency = 36%

FORMULEA
Good science project does not stop with building a motor. It is very

important to measure different electrical and mechanical parameters

of your motor and calculate unknown values using the following

helpful formulas.

This formula could be used in many cases. You may calculate the

resistance of your motor by measuring the consumed current and

applied voltage. For any given resistance (in the motors it is basically

the resistance of the coil) this formula explains that the current can be

controlled by applied voltage.

Electrical power of the motor is defined by the following formula:

Pin = I * V

Where,

Pin – input power, measured in watts (W)

I – current, measured in amperes (A)

V – applied voltage, measured in volts (V)

Motors supposed to do some work and two important values define

how powerful the motor is. It is motor speed and torque – the turning

force of the motor. Output mechanical power of the motor could be

calculated by using the following formula

 Pout = Τ * ω

Where,

Pout – output power, measured in watts (W)

τ – torque, measured in Newton meters (Nm)

ω – angular speed, measured in radians per second (rad/s).

Calculate angular speed if you know rotational speed of the motor in

rpm:

ω = N * 2π / 60

Where,

ω – Angular speed, measured in radians per second (rad/s);

rpm – rotational speed in revolutions per minute;

π – Mathematical constant pi (3.14).

60 – Number of seconds in a minute.

Efficiency of the motor is calculated as mechanical output power

divided by electrical input power:

E = Pout / Pin

Therefore Pout = Pin * E

After substitution we get

Τ*ω=I*V*E

Τ * N * 2π / 60 = I * V * E
Connect the motor to the load. Using the motor from generator kit is

the best way to do it. Why do you need to connect the motor to the

load? Well, if there is no load – there is no torque.

Measure current, voltage and rpm. Now you can calculate the

torque for this load at this speed assuming that you know efficiency of

the motor.

Motor torque changes with the speed. At no load you have maximum

speed and zero torque. Load adds mechanical resistance. The motor

starts to consume more current to overcome this resistance and the

speed decreases. If you increase the load at some point motor stops

(this is called stall). When it occurs the torque is at maximum and it is

called stall torque. While it is hard to measure stall torque without

special tools you can find this value by plotting speed-torque graph.

You need to take at least two measurements with different loads to

find the stall torque.

TORQUE OF THE MOTOR:

And the formula for calculating torque will be

Τ = (I * V * E *60) / (N * 2π)

= (0.3x12x0.36x60)/30x2π

Torque = 0.412 Nm
Torque (T) = 4.2kgcm

DESIGN PROCEDURE OF CHAINDRIVE & SPROCKET

1. Determine the velocity ratio of the chain drive

VELOCITY RATIO = N1/N2

So, N1/N2 = T2/T1, VELOCITY RATIO = 1

2. Select the minimum number of teeth on the smallest

sprocket or pinion MINIMUM NUMBER OF TEETH ON THE

SPROCKET = 18

3. Determine the design power by using the service factor, such

that
Design power = Rated power x Service factor (K s)

= 0.25 x Service factor (Ks)

= 0.25 x ( (Load factor(K1) x (Lubrication factor (K2)

x Rating factor (K3)

= 0.25 x (1.5 x 1 x 1.25)

Design power = 0.45kW

4. Choose the type of chain, number of strands for the design

power and RPM of the sprocket

Types of chain = simple roller chain (06B)

Power rating (in kW) = 0.25

Speed of sprocket or pinion (RPM) = 30

5. Note down the parameters of the chain, such as pitch, roller

diameter, minimum width of roller.

ISO chain number = 06B

Pitch (mm) = 9.525

Roller diameter (mm) = 6.535

Minimum width (mm) = 5.72

Braking load (simple type roller chain) in k N = 8.9

6. Determine the load (W) on the chain by using the following

relation,
Pitch line velocity = dN/60

= (3.14 x 0.06 x 30) / 60

Pitch line velocity = 0.0942 m/s

W= Rated power/pitch line velocity

W = 0.25/ pitch line velocity

W= 0.25 / 0.0942

W = 2.65KN

Load on the chain W= 2650N

7. Calculate the factor of safety by dividing the breaking load (W B)

to the load on the chain (W). This value of factor should be

greater than the value.

Factor of safety = (WB/W)

= 8.9/2.65

Factor of safety = 3.358

LEADSCREW CALCULATION
Torque calculation for Lead screw:

T=Ixα

Let us take mass of whole gear engagement as 1.5 kg

Diameter of the screw rod D = 15mm

Radius r = 7.5 mm

Moment of inertia I = (m x r2) / 2

= (1.5 x 7.52) / 2

= 42.1875 kg – mm2

Velocity of rotational disc in m/sec

For Circular rod in a hand wheel

V = distance of movement in mm / time taken in sec

= (2 x π x r) / t

= (2 x 3.14 x 7.5) / 6 = 7.85 mm/sec

To find the Speed of the circular rod

V = π x D x N / 60

7.85 = 3.14 x 15 x N / 60

N = 10 rpm

Angular acceleration = 2 x π x N / 60

= 2 x 3.14 x10 /60 = 1.046 rad /sec2

The linear velocity of the lead screw = 10 x 7

= 70 mm/min

Angular Acceleration = 2 x π x N / 60

= 2 x 3.14 x10 /60 = 1.046 rad /sec2

Torque T = I x α

= 42.1875 x 1.046 = 44.128 N –mm

Maximum withstanding capacity = torque/radius of lead screw

= 44.128/7.5

= 5.88 N
 CHAPTER-6

MERITS AND DEMERITS

 CHAPTER-6

MERITS AND DEMERITS

MERITS

 Simple size & less weight

 Flexibility

 PCD can be adjusted

DEMERITS

It s difficult to remove if rust is formed since it requires high

torque to unfasten nut / bolt.

CHAPTER-7

APPLICATION
 CHAPTER-7

APPLICATION

APPLICATIONS

The system can used in automobile

 CHAPTER-8

LIST OF MATERIALS
 CHAPTER-8

LIST OF MATERIALS

FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS

The various factors which determine the choice of material are

discussed below.

1. Properties:

The material selected must posses the necessary properties for

the proposed application. The various requirements to be satisfied

can be weight, surface finish, rigidity, ability to withstand

environmental attack from chemicals, service life, reliability etc.

The following four types of principle properties of materials

decisively affect their selection

a. Physical

b. Mechanical

c. From manufacturing point of view

d. Chemical
 The various physical properties concerned are melting point,

thermal Conductivity, specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion,

specific gravity, electrical conductivity, magnetic purposes etc.

The various Mechanical properties Concerned are strength in

tensile, Compressive shear, bending, torsional and buckling load,

fatigue resistance, impact resistance, elastic limit, endurance limit,

and modulus of elasticity, hardness, wear resistance and sliding

properties.

The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point

of view are,

 Cast ability

 Weld ability

 Surface properties

 Shrinkage

 Deep drawing etc.

2. Manufacturing case:

Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost

or surface qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating

substances may demand the use of special materials.

3. Quality Required:
 This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately

the material. For example, it would never be desirable to go casting of

a less number of components which can be fabricated much more

economically by welding or hand forging the steel.

4. Availability of Material:

Some materials may be scarce or in short supply. It then

becomes obligatory for the designer to use some other material which

though may not be a perfect substitute for the material designed. the

delivery of materials and the delivery date of product should also be

kept in mind.

5. Space consideration:

Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the

forces involved are high and space limitations are there.

6. Cost:

As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of

material plays an important part and should not be ignored.

Sometimes factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and non-

maintenance of the designed part are involved in the selection of

proper materials.
 CHAPTER-9

COST ESTIMATION
 CHAPTER-9

COST ESTIMATION

1. MATERIAL COST

2. LABOUR COST:

Lathe, drilling, welding, grinding, power hacksaw, gas cutting cost

3. OVERHEAD CHARGES:

The overhead charges are arrived by “manufacturing cost”

Manufacturing Cost =Material Cost +Labour Cost

Overhead Charges =20%of the manufacturing cost

4. TOTAL COST:

Total cost = Material Cost +Labour Cost +Overhead Charges

=
Total cost for this project =

CHAPTER-10

CONCLUSION
 CHAPTER-10

CONCLUSION

This project is made with pre planning, that it provides

flexibility in operation.

This innovation has made the more desirable and economical.

This project “ADJUSTABLE MULTI NUT BOLT TIGHTNER

AND REMOVER” is designed with the hope that it is very much

economical and help full to all automobile four wheeler vehicles.

This project helped us to know the periodic steps in

completing a project work. Thus we have completed the project

successfully.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Design data book -P.S.G.Tech.

2. Machine tool design handbook –Central machine tool Institute,

Bangalore.

3. Strength of Materials -R.S.Kurmi

4. Manufacturing Technology -M.Haslehurst.

5. Design of machine elements- R.s.Kurumi

PHOTOGRAPHY