TUGAS : Modifikasi Example 8.8 atau 8.

9 untuk mendapatkan konversi yang lebih baik (40-

60%) dan dapat mencapai Tmax pada 585oR.

Review example 8-8. Production of Propylene Glycol in an Adiabatic CSTR

Propylene glycol is produced by the hydrolysis of propylene oxide:

Over 800 million pounds of propylene glycol were produced in 2004 and the selling price was
approximately 50.68 per pound. Propylene glycol makes up about 25% of the major derivatives of
propylene oxide. The reaction takes place readily at room temperature when catalyzed by sulfuric
acid. You are the engineer in charge of an adiabatic CSTR producing propylene glycol by this
method. Unfortunately, the reactor is beginning to leak, and you must replace it. (You told your
boss several times that sulfuric acid was corrosive and that mild steel was a poor material for
construction.) There is a nice-looking overflow CSTR of 300-gal capacity standing idle: it is glass-
lined and you would like to use it. You are feeding 2500 lb/h (43.04 lbmol/h) of propylene oxide
(P.O.) to the reactor. The feed stream consists of (1) an equivolumetric mixture of propylene oxide
(46.62 ft3/h) and methanol (46.62 ft3/h) and (2) water containing 0.1 wt% H2SO4. The volumetric
flow rate of water is 233.1 ft3/h, which is 2.5 times the methanol-PO flow rate. The corresponding
molar feed rates of methanol and water are 71.87 and 802.8 lbmol/h, respectively. The water-
propylene oxide-methanol mixture undergoes a slight decrease in volume upon mixing
(approximately 3%) but you neglect this decrease in your calculations. The temperature of both
feed streams is 58°F prior to mixing, but there is an immediate 17°F temperature rise upon mixing
of the two feed streams caused by the heat of mixing. The entering temperature of all feed streams
is thus taken to be 75°F.

Additional information:
Menurut Furusawa, et.al., pada kondisi tersebut di atas reaksi merupakan reaksi orde 1 terhadap
konsentrasi propilen oksida.

The units of E are Btullb mol.

There is an important constraint on your operation. Propylene oxide is a rather low-boiling
substance. With the mixture you are using, you feel that you cannot exceed an operating
temperature of 125°F or you will lose too much oxide by vaporization through the vent system.
Can you use the idle CSTR as a replacement for the leaking one if will be operated adiabatically?
If so, what will be the conversion of oxide to glycol?

Jawaban:
Reaksi digambarkan sebagai berikut:
A+BC
Senyawa Cpi, H°i (68°F), Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol°F
Propilen Oksida (A) 35 -66.600
Air (B) 18 -123.000
Propilen Glikol (C) 46 -226.000
Metanol (M) 19,5

1. Neraca mol dan persamaan desain

𝐹𝐴0 − 𝐹𝐴 + 𝑟𝐴 . 𝑉 = 0
𝐹𝐴0 . 𝑋
𝑉=
−𝑟𝐴
2. Rate law
−𝑟𝐴 = 𝑘. 𝐶𝐴
3. Stoikiometri, fase cair, v = v0
𝐶𝐴 = 𝐶𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋)
4. Persamaan untuk XMB
𝐹𝐴0 . 𝑋 𝐹𝐴0 . 𝑋
𝑉= =
−𝑟𝐴 𝑘. 𝐶𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋)
𝑣0. 𝑋
𝑉=
𝑘 (1 − 𝑋)
Dengan V/v0 = τ, diperoleh :
 𝑋
𝜏=
𝑘 (1 − 𝑋)
𝜏𝑘 𝜏𝐴𝑒 −𝐸/𝑅𝑇
𝑋𝑀𝐵 = =
1 + 𝜏𝑘 1 + 𝜏𝐴𝑒 −𝐸/𝑅𝑇
5. Neraca energi untuk mendapat XEB
Untuk reaksi adiabatik dengan Ws oleh stirrer yang dapat diabaikan, maka persamaan adalah
sebagai berikut :
∑ Θ𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑖 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑖0 ) + [𝑈𝑎 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑎 )/𝐹𝐴0 ]
𝑋𝐸𝐵 =
−[∆𝐻𝑅𝑋 (𝑇𝑅 ) + ∆𝐶𝑝 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑅 )]
6. Perhitungan
a. Menghitung panas reaksi pada suhu T
𝛥𝐻 𝑜 𝑟𝑥 (𝑇) = 𝛥𝐻 𝑜 𝑟𝑥 (𝑇𝑅 ) + ∆𝐶𝑝 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑅 )
𝛥𝐻 𝑜 𝑟𝑥 (68𝑜 𝐹) = −226.000 − (−123.000) − (−66.600) = −36.400 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐵𝑡𝑢
∆𝐶𝑝 = 𝐶𝑝𝐶 − (𝐶𝑝𝐴 + 𝐶𝑝𝐵 ) = 46 − (18 + 35) = −7
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙. °𝐹
𝛥𝐻 𝑜 𝑟𝑥 (𝑇) = −36.400 − 7(𝑇 − 528)
T dalam Rankine
b. Menghitung stoikiometri
𝑣0 = 𝑣𝐴0 + 𝑣𝑀0 + 𝑣𝐵0 = 46,62 + 46,62 + 233,1 = 326,3 𝑓𝑡 3 /ℎ
V = 300 gal = 40,1 ft3
𝑉 40,1 𝑓𝑡 3
𝜏= = = 0,1229 ℎ
𝑣0 326.3 𝑓𝑡 3 /ℎ
𝐹𝐴0 43 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ
𝐶𝐴0 = = = 0,132 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑓𝑡 3
𝑣0 326.3 𝑓𝑡 3 /ℎ
Menghitung θi untuk metanol dan air
𝐹𝑀0 71.87 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ
𝜃𝑀 = = = 1.67
𝐹𝐴0 43 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ
𝐹𝐵0 802,8 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ
𝜃𝐵 = = = 18,65
𝐹𝐴0 43 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ
c. Evaluasi neraca mol
𝜏𝑘 𝜏𝐴𝑒 −𝐸/𝑅𝑇
𝑋𝑀𝐵 = =
1 + 𝜏𝑘 1 + 𝜏𝐴𝑒 −𝐸/𝑅𝑇
 16,96𝑥1012 𝑥0,1229 (𝑒 −32.400/1,987 𝑇 )
𝑋𝑀𝐵 =
1 + 16,96𝑥1012 𝑥0,1229 (𝑒 −32.400/1,987 𝑇 )
2,084𝑥1012 (𝑒 −16.306/𝑇 )
𝑋𝑀𝐵 =
1 + 2,084𝑥1012 (𝑒 −16.306/𝑇 )

d. Evaluasi neraca energi

𝛴𝜃𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑖 = 𝐶𝑝𝐴 + 𝜃𝐵 𝐶𝑝𝐵 + 𝜃𝑀 𝐶𝑝𝑀
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝛴𝜃𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑖 = 35 + (18,65)(18) + (1.67)(19,5) = 403.3
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙. °𝐹
∑ Θ𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑖 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑖0 ) + [𝑈𝐴 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑎 )/𝐹𝐴0 ]
𝑋𝐸𝐵 =
−[∆𝐻𝑅𝑋 (𝑇𝑅 ) + ∆𝐶𝑝 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑅 )]
𝑈𝐴 𝐵𝑡𝑢 40𝑓𝑡 2 𝐵𝑡𝑢
= (100 2 0
) = 92.9
𝐹𝐴0 ℎ. 𝑓𝑡 . 𝐹 43.04 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙.0 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
403.3 (𝑇 − 535) + 92.9(𝑇 − 555)
𝑋𝐸𝐵 = 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙. °𝐹
−(−36.400 − 7(𝑇 − 528))
403.3(𝑇 − 535) + 92.9(𝑇 − 555)
𝑋𝐸𝐵 =
(36.400 + 7(𝑇 − 528))
𝑇𝑅 = 68𝑜 𝐹 = 528𝑜 𝑅
𝑇𝑜 = 58𝑜 𝐹 + 17𝑜 𝐹 = 75𝑜 𝐹 = 535𝑜 𝑅
Ta = 125oF = 545oR
Ta’ = 555oR

Untuk mendapat konversi 40-60% dan Tmax 585oR, maka dicoba dengan mengganti
suhu yang dipertahankan pada cooling coil (Ta) dari 545oR menjadi 555oR

T (R) X MB X EB
535 0.107636316 -0.051
550 0.216889854 0.152783
565 0.378295801 0.355393
575 0.501282032 0.489824
585 0.620079279 0.623743
595 0.722790724 0.757153
605 0.803974515 0.890058
615 0.864076358 1.02246
 1

0.8

0.6

0.4
X

0.2

0
535 545 555 565 575 585 595 605 615 625

-0.2
T (R)

XMB XEB

e. Mencari konversi dan suhu kesetimbangan dengan plot grafik XMB vs T dan XEB vs T
Konversi kesetimbangan tercapai saat nilai XEB = XMB.
Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa dengan menaikkan Ta pada
cooling coil akan menaikkkan konversi kesetimbangan menjadi sekitar 60% pada suhu
584oR dari nilai konversi kesetimbangan awal sebesar 36% pada suhu 564oR. Didapat
konversi yang lebih baik dengan menaikkan Ta dari 545oR menjadi 555oR, dan suhu Tmax
yang masih dapat ditoleransi oleh reaktor CSTR yang ada yaitu 584oR di bawah suhu
maksimum 585oR.