Examining Intra-national Dialect Varieties of East Java

Background
Each area has its own style in speaking a language. Dialect is a variation
of one single language that is spoken by people in a particular area. It differs
in so many aspects of language including the vocabulary and the accent. In
Java Indonesia, many different dialects exist in each region. Javanese is one
of language that was born and raised in the island of Java, especially in East
and Central Java. There are a lot of kinds of Javanese dialects regarding the
different cities in East Java. Arekan is one of the dialects that has the biggest
number of the speaker in East Java. It is spread spoken around Surabaya.
The second is Madiunan dialect, it is spoken mainly in the western part of
East Java province, including Madiun, Blitar, Ngawi, Pacitan, Ponorogo, and
Magetan. Jombangan dialect is spoken in Jombang. Here, we choose
Javanese Gresik and Jombang as our object in order to identify and share the
kind of distinctive features in East Javanese dialects.

Literature Review

1. Chaer, 2010:3 (Pheni Cahya Kartika 2017) “sociolinguistics is the study

of the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their
functions, and the characteristics of their speaker as these three constantly
interact, change and change one another within a speech community”

2. Language has many variations in communities. According to (Holmes

2013) people often use a language to signal their membership of
particular groups and to construct different aspects of their social identity.
In Indonesia, Javanese is one of vernacular language that has many kinds
of variation in every region in Java. Java is divided into three provinces,
East Java, Central Java, and West Java. Javanese in East Java itself has
some kinds of differences in every region. Each group in East Java has
different dialects or grammar or words with another group.

3. According (Holmes 2013)we are dealing here not just with different
accents but with dialect differences within a country since the
distinguishing forms involve grammatical usages and lexical items as
 well as pronunciation. The intra-national variation can be differentiated
by accents, dialect, grammar and lexical. The example of intra-national
variations in East Java is the dialect in Madura, Lamongan, Banyuangi,
Surabaya, Ngawi, etc. The people speak in Javanese but there are some
variations in every region.
4. According to (Biantoro 2008) the differences of some dialects in a
certain language are defined by the position of the speakers regionally or
geographically. The region in East Java that nearly to Central Java, the
dialects sounds more similar to Central Java even though the regions
belong to East Java. It is influenced by the position of the speakers.
Javanese also has characteristic in every region, especially in East Java.
5. According to (Miftah 2013), the characteristic signs are described from
the varieties of pronunciation and intonations used among them. In East
Java, there are many pronunciations of one word in a different region and
also the intonation. The region that nearly to Central Java has more soft
intonation than other regions in East Java. According to Holmes (2013),
the same vocabulary may be used throughout an area where contrast in
the pronunciation of words is quite dramatic.

METHODOLOGY
Data collection
Qualitative methodology is used for the study. The data were gathered by
interviewing one of our friend from Gresik and one of our friend from
Jombang. The topic that we used for the interview was a daily
conversation.

Data analysis
The result of the interview is used to identify the word which has the
same meaning in Indonesia but have different spelling or pronunciation in
Java. Then, they are compiled in the tables in order to find the contrast.
The analysis of distinct features like the phoneme from each dialect in a
certain location is conducted in order to find the conclusion. Moreover,
the analysis also directed by connecting the data with the related theory.
Data example
Indonesian Gresik Jombang
Bukan Guduk Guguk
Saya Isun Aku
Punyaku Sang Sepatu Nggonku
Bonceng tiga Bandrekan Goncengan telu

References
Biantoro, Liviandhi Devris. "Dialects Varieties in Tuban, East Java: A Study of Kingking and
Karangsari." 2008.

Holmes, James. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Routledge, 2013.

Miftah, M. Zaim. "The Varieties of Javanese Dialects among The Speech Communities." 2013.

Pheni Cahya Kartika, and Insani Wahyu Mubarok. "ISTILAH ASING PRODUK BAHASA SUROBOYOAN
SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBELAJARAN KEARIFAN LOKAL KOTA SURABAYA: KAJIAN
SOSIOLINGUISTIK." 2017: 59-68.