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UNIT III CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND EQUIPMENT

10

Uses of the following:


Tractors, bulldozers, shovels draglines, cableways and belt conveyors, batching plants - Transit
mixers and agitator trucks used for ready mix concrete pumps, Guniting equipments - Air
compressors - welding equipment - cranes and other lifting devices

Choice of construction equipment for different types of works.

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CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENTS
Depending on the application, construction
machines are classified into various categories

A. Earthmoving equipments (Tractors, bulldozers, shovels draglines)


B. Construction vehicles
C. Material handling equipments (cranes and other lifting devices, cableways
and belt conveyors )
D. Construction equipments (batching plants, Transit mixers and agitator
trucks used for ready mix concrete pumps, Guniting equipments - Air
compressors welding equipment)

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MULTI PURPOSE MACHINES MAINLY
USED FOR PULLING AND PUSHING
OTHER MACHINES FOR AGRICULTURAL
PURPOSES.
1. WHEEL TYPE
2. CRAWLER TYPE
APPLICATIONS:
CLEARING & EXCAVATING MACHINERY
HAULING & CONVEYING MACHINERY

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VERSATILE EQUIPMENT- ESSENTIALLY A HEAVY STEEL BLADE MOUNTED ON THE
FRONT OF TRACTOR.
APPLICATION:
● SPREADING EARTH FILL
● CLEARING, OPENING UP PILOT
ROADS
● BACK FILLING TRENCHES
● CLEARING CONSTRUCTION SITES

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• The drag line is so name because of its
prominent operation of dragging the bucket
against the material to be dug.
• Unlike the shovel, it has a long light crane
boom and the bucket is loosely attached to the
boom through cables.
• Because of this construction, a dragline can
dig and dump over larger distances than a
shovel can do.
• Drag lines are useful for digging below its
track level and handling softer materials.

APPLICATIONS:
o Dragging softer material and below its track
level
o It is very useful for excavating trenches when
the sides are permitted to establish their angle
of repose without shoring.
o It has long reaches.
o Excavation for canals and depositing on the
embankment without hauling units.

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CONVEYORS
•TRANSMITTING MATERIALS
OVER A STATIONARY
STRUCTURE IN CONTINOUS
STREAM.

ADVANTAGES:
•INCREASES OUTPUT
•CONTINUITY IN OPERATION
•TIME SAVING (NO WAITING
BELT CONVEYOR PERIODS)
•CONSISTS OF A BELT RUNNING OVER A
PAIR OF END DRUMS SUPPORTED BY ATYPES:
SERIES OF ROLLERS CALLED IDLERS •BELT CONVEYOR
•MIDDLE SAG IS PROVIDED TO •SCREW CONVEYOR
PREVENT THE SPILLING OF MATERIALS•BUCKET CONVEYOR
ADVANTAGES:
•CAN HANDLE LIGHT,HEAVY, DRY, WET,
SOFT, COARSE MATERIALS
•HIGH SPEED
•CARRIES HORIZONTALLY AND
INCLINED
•LIGHTER IN WEIGHT
•CONTROLLED DISCHARGE

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Transit mixer is a piece of equipment that is used for
transporting concrete/ mortar or ready mix material from a
concrete batching plant directly to the site where it is to be
utilized. Transit mixer is loaded with dry material and water.
The interior of the transit drum is fitted with a spiral blade.
Spiral blade is able to move in two directions. During
clockwise movement drum is charged with concrete and in
counterclockwise direction concrete discharge out from the
transit drum. Concrete mixing drum ensures the liquid state of
materials through rotation of the drum about its own axis.

PARTS OF TRANSIT
MIXER

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Concrete pumps
Two types of concrete pumps are used:
Direct-acting, horizontal piston type with semi-rotary valves set to permit always the passage of
the largest aggregate particles. This type of pump can cover a horizontal distance of 1000 m and a
vertical distance of 120 m. The concrete is fed in by gravity and is also partially sucked in during
the suction stroke. The valves open and close with definite pauses so that concrete moves in a
series of impulses, but the pipe always remains full. These pumps are capable of pumping 130
m3 of concrete per hour with 8 inch pipes.

Squeeze pumps or peristaltic pumps are the ones that use vacuum pumping. These pumps can
cover a distance of 90 m horizontally and 30 m vertically, and are capable of pumping 20 m3 of
concrete per hour using 3 inch pipes.

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Guniting, Air compressors, welding
equipments
What is Guniting ?
The guniting is the most effective process of
repairing concrete work which has been damaged
due to inferior work or other reasons.

It is also used for providing an impervious layer.


The gunite is a mixture of cement and sand, the
usual proportion being 1:3. A cement gun is used
to deposit this mixture on the concrete surface
under a pressure of about 20 to 30 N/cm2

Key points :-
Gunite is also known as shotcrete or pneumatically
applied mortar.
It can be used on vertical and overhead, as well as on
horizontal surfaces and is particularly useful for
restoring surfaces spalled due to corrosion of
reinforcement.
Gunite is a mixture of Portland cement, sand and
water, shot into the place by compressed air.
Guniting is basically used in swimming pool, dams,
tanks, etc

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“Welding is the process of joining together two
pieces of metal so that bonding takes place at
their original boundary surfaces”. When two
parts to be joined are melted together, heat or
pressure or both is applied and with or without
added metal for formation of metallic bond.

The welding process is divided into two major


categories:
Plastic Welding or Pressure Welding and
Fusion Welding or Non-Pressure Welding

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ctep-unit-v-constructionequipments-160927044453.pdf
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19829/9/09_chapter%201.pdf

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