`

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter contains the results of the study, the statistical analysis that was performed
and the comparison the caffeine concentration of Top 3 Leading Brands in Energy Drinks in the
standards.

Caffeine Concentration in the Energy Drinks

The analysis of caffeine in the energy drinks was done using the Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA).

The results show that Energy Drinks in the Category A showed the highest mean
concentration of caffeine with 139.80 ppm followed by the Energy Drinks in Category C with a
mean concentration of 99.17 ppm. Lastly, the Energy drinks in Category B have the lowest mean
concentration with 15.80 ppm (Table 3).

Concentration of Caffeine found in Top 3 Leading Brands of Energy Drinks

Sample code Mg caffeine per Average mg caffeine Standard deviation

bottle per bottle
COBRA
S1R1 129.40
S1R2 147.70
S1R3 143.30 138.55 12.94

GATORADE
S2R1 17.20
S2R2 13.70
S2R3 16.50 15.80 1.85

STING
S3R1 88.30
S3R2 115.10
S3R3 94.10 99.17 14.10
Table 1. The presence of caffeine concentration found in energy drinks.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the present concentration of caffeine in
top 3 leading brands of energy drinks which is the Cobra, Gatorade and Sting. Research suggests
that there are both negative and positive effects of caffeine like increases alertness and reduces
fatigue, improves performance on vigilance tasks and simple tasks that sustained response.
(Smith, 2002).

As shown in the table above, it is stated that the highest amount of average mg of
caffeine was Cobra which has 138.55 mg followed by the Sting which has an average of 99.17
and gatorade 15.80 mg of caffeine respectively.

The amount of concentrations for Caffeine were varied as shown in the tables above.
There are 3 examples of energy drinks which is Cobra, Gatorade and Sting. For the first bottle of
cobra it has 129.40 mg of caffeine. While the second bottle has 147.70 mg of caffeine and the
last sample has 142.30 mg of caffeine. They got an average of 138.55 mg of caffeine since they
are divided by 3.

The second sample which is the Gatorade shows a bigger difference in the amount of first sample
which is Cobra. The first bottle of Gatorade got 17.20 mg of caffeine while the second bottle of
Gatorade got 13.70 mg of caffeine and 16.50 mg of caffeine respectively. And 15.80 mg of
caffeine for the average concentration. And lastly which is the Sting sample, the first bottle got
88.30 mg of caffeine and the second bottle got 115.10 mg of caffeine and 94.10 mg of caffeine
respectively with the average of 99.17 mg of caffeine

SAMPLE Average Concentration

Cobra 138.55
Gatorade 15.80
Sting 99.17
Table 2. Significant difference among the caffeine concentration found in Energy Drinks

According to the data above in Table 2, it is highly shown that there are significant difference of
caffeine concentration among the 3 samples.

Sample Average Standard Interpretation Standard Interpretation

Concentration (DFA) (JECFA)
Cobra (A) 138.55 255.6 ppm Did not exceed 80 ppm Passed
the specified
standard
Gatorade (B) 15.80 255.6 ppm Did not exceed 80 ppm Did not exceed
the specified the specified
standard standard
Sting (C) 99.17 255.6 ppm Did not exceed 80 ppm Passed
the specified
standard
Table 3. Conformity of Caffeine Concentration to the specified standards
 The mean concentration of the three samples does not conform to the standard set by the Drug
and Food Additives (DFA). Meanwhile, only two samples conform to the standard set by the Joint Expert
Committee and Food Additives (JECFA) which is the Sample A and Sample C which is 138.55 ppm and
99.17 ppm. Thus, the null hypothesis states that the concentration of caffeine in the energy drinks do
not conform to standard set by DFA is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter contains the summary of the study, the conclusions that are established and
recommendations for further studies.

Summary

This study was conducted to determine the concentration of caffeine in Energy Drinks;
and to find out if there is a significant difference among the concentrations of caffeine in energy
drinks in the three 6 bottles of samples and lastly, to determine if the concentration of caffeine in
energy drinks passed the standards set by the Drug and Food Additives and Joint Expert
Committee on Food Additives.

This study was conducted at MSU-IIT Iligan City where the Energy Drinks were
collected in random store at Butuan City, Agusan del Norte and been consumed by the High
School Students of FSUU.

This study focused on the analysis of caffeine in the Top 3 Leading Brands of Energy
Drinks. Caffeine was considered in this study because of its toxicity and harmful effects and that
it can be released into the environment. Moreover, caffeine was considered due to its positive
reinforcing actions and produces tolerance and it is being consumed by the people.

The mean caffeine concentration of the three samples does not conform to the standard
set by the Drug and Food Additive (DFA) which is 255.6 ppm.
 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. The mean concentrations in the caffeine found from the energy drinks. Category A
139.80 pm; Category B 15.80 ppm; Category C, 99.17 ppm.
2. Based on the ANOVA test, the Concentration of Caffeine found in Top 3 Leading
Brands of Energy Drinks does have significant difference.
3. Based on the standards set by Joint Expert Committee for Food Additives (JECFA)
and Drug and Food Additives (DFA), the Concetration of Caffeine found in the top 3
leading brands of energy drinks did not conform to the standards for the concentration
of caffeine and therefore it is not safe for human consumption

RECOMMENDATION.

The following recommendations are made to improve the study, to come up with other relevant
results, and to address important issues related to the study:

1. Determination of the Caffeine concentration in energy drinks so that it can help

send awareness to the people who usually consumed energy drinks.
2. A survey on the community who are consuming energy drinks to determine if
there are observed cases of health problems that may relate to caffeine
concentration
3. More energy drinks categories, in order to come up with a good estimate of the
levels of concentrations of caffeine
4. Determination of caffeine concentration in Energy Drinks