CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Language is the most important means of communication for human beings.

By using language, people are able to communicate and cooperate with others.
Language is also used as the medium of expressing feeling, ideas, and thoughts.
Therefore, people have to master language in order to avoid misunderstanding
between the speaker and the listener, between the writer and the reader.

Grammar is an area of the language arts that teachers often find difficult to
teach and students likewise find difficult to learn. The Form-Function Method for
teaching grammar, however, simplifies the subject by breaking down grammar into
the two most basic linguistic elements: grammatical form and grammatical function.
The Form-Function Method allows for the study of the grammar of any language.

1.2Formulation of the Problem

1. What is Definition of Form and Function ?

2. How do we know the explaining and example of form and function?

1.3 Research Objectives

1. To know definition of form and function

2. To know the explaining and example of form and function

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

1. DEFINITION OF SYNTAX
Grammatical Form
After describing the theory behind the Form-Function Method for
teaching grammar, define and explain grammatical form. All languages
contain a finite number of language-specific grammatical forms. Grammatical
form can be described as “what a word, phrase, or clause looks like.”
Traditional grammars refer to grammatical forms as “parts of speech.” For
example, the grammatical form of the word dog is noun, of the word bite is
verb, and of the word tiny is adjective.

Grammatical form also includes the internal structure of words,

phrases, and clauses. Internal structure can be described as the possible
inflections of words and the possible syntax of phrases and clauses. For
example, prototypical nouns can be marked as singular (dog) or plural (dogs)
and marked for the possessive (dog’s and dogs’). Prototypical adjective
phrases consist of an adjective (small), an adjective and an adverb phrase
(very small), or an adjective and a prepositional phrase (small at the waist).

Take care not to introduce grammatical function while exploring

grammatical form. Grammatical Forms in English. After introducing the
concept of grammatical form, study the nine grammatical forms in English.
The English language contains nine basic grammatical forms:
Noun
Pronoun
Adjective
Determiner
Verb
Adverb

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PrepositionConjunction
Interjection
Each grammatical form can be the topic of an individual lesson. For
example, the form of the adjective in English includes taking comparative
(bigger and more beautiful) and superlative (biggest and most beautiful).
Grammatical Function
After studying grammatical form, define and explain the concept of
grammatical function. All languages contain a finite number of language-
specific grammatical functions. Traditional grammars do not have a term for
grammatical function, which can be described as “what a word, phrase, or
clause does.” For example, the noun phrase the kitten in the clause the kitten
is drinking the milk functions as the subject and the noun phrase the milk
functions as the direct object. Again take care not to discuss grammatical form
while introducing grammatical function. Maintain the separation between the
two linguistic concepts because grammatical form does not equal grammatical
function.
After introducing the concept of grammatical function, study the
grammatical functions specific to English. The English language contains
approximately thirty-two grammatical functions, with the caveat that one
count may differ from the count of other grammarians:

Predicate
Subject
Subject Complement
Direct Object
Object Complement
Indirect Object

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 Form and function are two extremely important concepts that you need to
know about to fully understand how grammar works. Suprisingly, there is no
overt reference to these terms in the UK National Curriculum.

Form refers to the category labels we use for the buildin blocks of grammar,
i.e. word classes, phrases, and clauses.

Consider the following sentence:

 My daughter bought a completely useless smarthphone over the summer.

Scanning this sentence from left to the right we cam label each individual words
as follows:

 My: determiner
 Daughter: noun
 Bought: verb
 A: determiner
 Completely: adverb
 New: adjective
 Smartphone: noun
 Over: preposition
 The : determiner
 Summer: noun

2. THE EXPLAINING AND EXAMPLE OF FORM AND FUNCTION

A useful distinction in grammar is that of form and function.
Grammatical form is concerned with the descripion of linguistics units in terms
of what they are, and grammatical function is concerned with the description of
what linguistics units do. Note that we use capital letters at the beginning of
function labels.

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 Understanding the way that form and functionrelate to one another has
important implications for text productionand comphrehension, and enables
students to more accurately discuss how grammatical structure relates to
meaning.

Let see how form-function operates in language. Consider the

following two sentences:

1. The boy touched the girl

2. The girl touched the boy

In 1st sentence, the boy is doing the touching, meaning it is the subject; where as
in 2nd sentence the boy being touched, meaning it is the object.

FORM The boy(np) touched(verb) the girl(np)

FUNCTION subject predicate object

In summary, the function labels of subject, object and adverbial can be ‘filled by
various different forms, as indicates in the example:

Function ....Can be a: example

Subject Noun Sylvia loves cake
Pronoun She is tired
Noun phrase The washing machine is
broken
Object Noun Eva loves linguistics
Pronoun I want it
Noun phrase She smash my new phone

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 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

CONCLUSION
The terms of Forms, a sentence consist of a noun phrase and a verb phrase.
The terms of Functions, a sentence consist a subject and a predicate. A subject must
contain a predicator which is a verb.