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BAIBF 08005

BUSINESS LAW

SUBMITTED BY

MANU VARGHESE
PART A

LAW OF OBLIGATIONS
1. Within the given state of affairs, there happened a breach of settlement. For the reason that
objects that Anu ordered become not a new version, she will claim against the provider for
misrepresentation. She has the right to get it changed and to get a brand new model or can ask for
the price that she paid to buy the gadget in conjunction with a applicable quantity of
compensation.

2. There's little need in submitting a match in opposition to Kiran via Benny. When you consider
that Kiran become the one who made offers regarding the specification works; Benny have to
take delivery of the issue on his activity and should pay the sufficient quantity which charges to
the ones works. Because the contract turned into made completed as per the settlement without
any trouble, Benny is compelled to make the fee.

3. Even though the settlement became made for a set amount; Ram, the only who entered is at
risk of pay the excess quantity to Shyam. It isn't always Shyam’s fault that created the shortage
of skilled labours and materials. As a end result, excess of time turned into taken consequently
and additional value have occurred. Therefore, Ram have to pay the amount that Shyam
demanded.

4. This case highlights the situation “vicarious liability”, which means that a person is made
answerable for the movements of every other person. Here, Milind is the guarantor of Binu, and
is therefore chargeable for his doings. He must do the vital things in addition to the applicable
compensation.

5. Prakash have the right to get lower back the watch, which turned into given to Sachin for a
length of only one week. Despite the fact that the watch became repaired a bit overdue, on the
premise of “Quantum meruit”, which means that price for the work executed, Sachin has the
right to get his fee.
PART B

1. COMPANIES
A company is any entity that engages in business. Liability in most types of company is assumed
by the owners, and can either be limited or unlimited depending on the type.

1.1 CEAT
CEAT, the flagship company of RPG Enterprises, was established in 1958. Its predecessor Cavi
Elettrici e Affini Torino SpA was established in Italy in 1924. Today, CEAT is one of India’s
leading tyre manufacturers and has presence in global markets, and has a capacity of over
95,000+ Tyres per day.

Headquarters: Mumbai

Key person: Harsh Goenka

Sources of finance
 Tie up with automobile industry
 Long term debentures
 Investment

Capital and financing method


Ceat tyre’s has a well relationship with some automobile industry. They provide a wide range of
tyres to different sectors. By this they make profit and they have enough capacity for the
production of tyres. The automobile industry is a capital-intensive industry. Moreover, cars and
trucks industries are having multi-million dollar investments, but without them, an automobile
will not move.

1.2 GAIL
GAIL (India) Limited is the largest state-owned natural gas processing and distribution company
headquartered in New Delhi, India. It has following business segments: Natural Gas, Liquid
Hydrocarbon, Liquefied petroleum gas Transmission, Petrochemical, City Gas Distribution,
Exploration and Production, GAILTEL and Electricity Generation.

Headquarters: New Delhi

CEO: Sh B. C. Tripathi (1 Aug 2009–)

Sources of finance
 Internal sources of funding(Customer, Profits)
 Medium term debenture(Installment sale, leasing)

Capital and financing method


They raise money from your customers by expediting their collections from them. If they get
money moving into this business faster, they have more available for your needs. For instance, if
they pay quickly, Gail has the cash necessary to take advantage of cash. In terms of the
regulations in the Credit Agreements Act, a deposit is normally required and, depending on the
acquisition, the period for payment is fixed.

1.3 ASUSTEK COMPUTER Inc.


Customer service: 1800 209 0365

Headquarters: Taipei, Taiwan

CEO: Jerry Shen (1 Jan 2008–)

AsusTek Computer Inc. is a Taiwanese multinational computer hardware and electronics


company headquartered in Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan. Its products include desktops, laptops,
mobile phones, networking equipment, monitors, projectors, motherboards, graphics cards,
optical storage and multimedia products.

Source of finance
Asus’s shares are of high margins with minimum capital funding needs, permits it to supply
strong unfastened coins glide. The corporation’s fundamental earning is through sale of its
merchandise.

Capital and Financial methods


Equity, Debentures and Bonds - A large a part of finance for fixed investments comes from
specific forms of fairness or shares inclusive of regular, cumulative and non-cumulative choice
shares.

2. PARTNERSHIP
A partnership is an arrangement in which events, referred to as partners, comply with cooperate
to enhance their mutual interests. The companions in a partnership may be individuals,
businesses, hobby-primarily based businesses, colleges, governments or combos.

2.1 WARNER BROS.


Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. Pictures,
and for a time trading as Warner Brothers Pictures, Inc. – is an American entertainment company,
film studio and film distributor that is a division of Time Warner and is headquartered in
Burbank, California.

CEO: Kevin Tsujihara (1 Mar 2013–)


Headquarters: Burbank, California, United States

Founders: Sam Warner, Jack L. Warner, Harry Warner, Albert Warner

Sources of finance
 Personal saving
 Additional partners
 Small business loan

Capital and Financial methods


This was started by two brothers who introduced capital at the beginning. Mostly they where
functioned with the help of family and friends. He also has some small loans in nearby bank.
Now they the most famous and best production and film industry.

2.2 HEWLETT PACKARD


The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP) or shortened to Hewlett-Packard
(hew-lit pack-erd) was an American multinational information technology company
headquartered in Palo Alto, California.

CEO: Dion Weisler

Headquarters: Palo Alto, California, United States

Founders: David Packard, William Redington Hewlett

Sources of finance
 Friends and family
 Private Investors

Capital and Financial methods

Cash from their family and also borrows from their friends and family. Borrowing from investors or non-
public monetary establishments is the first supply of finance for their business. And taking small small
lease from there knowing ones helped them to reach higher. By this they got many more investors.

2.3 Mc DONALD’S
Founded: 15 April 1955, Des Plaines, Illinois, United States

CEO: Steve Easterbrook (1 Mar 2015–)

Headquarters: Oak Brook, Illinois, United States

Founders: Ray Kroc, Richard MacDonald

Subsidiaries: McDonald's Canada, McDonald's Australia, more


McDonald's (or simply as McD) is an American hamburger and fast food restaurant chain. It was
founded in 1940 as a barbecue restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald. In 1948,
they reorganized their business as a hamburger stand, using production line principles.

Sources of finance
 Loan
 Retained earnings

Capital and Financial methods

They started their business by taking loan from an area corporative bank in their neck of the
woods, paying a nominal rate of interest per month. They started this business by raising initial
capital from his family.

3. NGO

3.1 SMILE FOUNDATON


Smile Foundation is a non-profit organisation based in New Delhi, India. It was established in
2002 and has a presence in 25 Indian states. The organisation works for the welfare of children,
their families, and the community through four major programmes.

Headquarters New Delhi, India

Key people

Santanu Mishra, Co-Founder & Executive Trustee

Website http://www.smilefoundationindia.org

Sources of finance
 Medium term debentures
 Community Stakeholders

Capital and Financial methods

They get help from the people, groups, organizations or businesses that have interest or concern
in the community. Stakeholders can affect or be affected by the community's actions, objectives
and policies. They take loan from commercial banks for there working.

3.2 NANHI KALI


Project Nanhi Kali is an Indian non-governmental organisation that supports education for
underprivileged girls in India. Founded by Anand Mahindra in 1996, it is jointly managed by the
Naandi Foundation and the KC Mahindra Education Trust, which is part of the corporate social
responsibility activities of the Mahindra Group. Currently, Project Nanhi Kali supports over
57,000 students.

Sources of finance
 Donors
 Trusts and foundations

Capital and Financial methods

Many of our interventions such as the Restoration of Vision and the Sponsor A Grandparent
programmes receive wide support from Trusts & Foundations across the country. Organisations
such as the Palriwala Foundation are pillars of Nanhi Kali. And through collection of charity
funds from schools, collages and public places.

3.3 HELP AGE INDIA


Founded: 1978

Founders: Cecil Jackson-Cole, Mr. Jackson Cole, Samson Daniel

HelpAge India is a secular, apolitical, non-profit and a non-governmental organisation in India


registered under the Societies' Registration Act of 1860. Set up in 1978,[1] HelpAge India is a
registered national level voluntary organisation.

Sources of finance
 Individuals
 Corporate and Business house

Capital and Financial methods


HelpAge's biggest supporters are its community of individual donors who contribute to the cause
regularly, often without any expectation of returns, other than the satisfaction of doing a good
deed. Among them are school children as young as five, motivated by teachers and parents, to do
their bit for the elderly.

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