Jan Hus

Jan Hus (/hʊs/;[1] Czech: [ˈjan ˈɦus] ( listen); c. 1369 – 6 July 1415),[2] sometimes
Jan Hus
Anglicized as John Hus or John Huss, also referred to in historical texts as
Iohannes Hus or Johannes Huss) was a Czech theologian, philosopher, master, dean,
and rector[3] of the Charles University in Prague who became a church reformer, an
inspirer of Hussitism, a key predecessor to Protestantism and a seminal figure in the
Bohemian Reformation.

After John Wycliffe, the theorist of ecclesiastical reform, Hus is considered the first
church reformer, as he lived before Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli. His teachings had a
strong influence on the states of Western Europe, most immediately in the approval
of a reformed Bohemian religious denomination, and, more than a century later, on
Martin Luther himself.[4] He was burned at the stake for heresy against the doctrines
of the Catholic Church, including those on ecclesiology, the Eucharist, and other
theological topics.

After Hus was executed in 1415, the followers of his religious teachings (known as
Hussites) rebelled against their Catholic rulers and defeated five consecutive papal
crusades between 1420 and 1431 in what became known as the Hussite Wars.[5]
Both the Bohemian and the Moravian populations remained majority Hussite until
the 1620s, when a Protestant defeat in the Battle of the White Mountain resulted in
Woodcut of Jan Hus, circa 1587.
the Lands of the Bohemian Crown coming under Habsburg dominion for the next
Born c. 1369
300 years and being subject to immediate and forced conversion in an intense
Husinec, Kingdom of
campaign of return to Catholicism.
Bohemia in the Holy
Roman Empire
(now Czech
Contents Republic)
Early life Died 6 July 1415
Career Konstanz, Bishopric
Papal Schism of Constance in the
Kutná Hora Decree Holy Roman Empire
Antipope Alexander V
(now Germany)
Excommunication
Indulgences Other names John Hus, John
Crusade against Naples Huss, Jan Hus
Condemnation of indulgences and Crusade Alma mater University of Prague
Attempts at reconciliation
Hus leaves Prague and appeals to Jesus Christ Era Renaissance
Writings of Hus and Wycliffe philosophy
Council of Constance Region Western philosophy
Imprisonment and preparations for trial
School Hussite
Trial
Condemnation Main Theology
Refusals to recant interests

Execution Influences
Aftermath Influenced
 Hussite Wars
Hus's scholarship and teachings
Apology of the Catholic Church
Legacy
Hus and Czech language
Holidays commemorating Hus
Famous followers of Jan Hus
Gallery
Works
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Early life
Jan Hus was born in Husinec, Bohemia, c. 1369. At an early age he traveled to Prague, where he supported himself by singing and
[6]
serving in churches. His conduct was positive and his commitment to his studies was remarkable.

In 1393, Hus earned the degree of Bachelor of Arts at the University of Prague, and he earned his master's degree in 1396. In 1400,
he was ordained as a priest. In 1402 Hus began preaching inside the city demanding a reformation of the Church. He served as rector
of the University of Prague in 1402–03. He was appointed a preacher at the newly built Bethlehem Chapel around the same time. Hus
was a strong advocate for the Czechs and the Realists, and he was influenced by the writings of John Wycliffe. Although church
authorities banned many works of Wycliffe in 1403, Hus translatedTrialogus into Czech and helped to distribute it.[6]

Career
Hus attacked the Church by denouncing the moral failings of clergy, bishops, and
even the papacy from his pulpit. Archbishop Zbyněk Zajíc tolerated this, and even
appointed Hus a preacher at the clergy's biennial synod. On 24 June 1405, Pope
Innocent VII, however, directed the Archbishop to counter Wycliffe's teachings,
especially the doctrine of impanation in the Eucharist. The archbishop complied by
issuing a synodal decree against Wycliffe, as well as forbidding any further attacks
on the clergy.[6]

In 1406, two Bohemian students brought to Prague a document bearing the seal of
the University of Oxford and praising Wycliffe. Hus proudly read the document
from his pulpit. Then in 1408, Pope Gregory XII warned Archbishop Zajic that the
Church in Rome had been informed of Wycliffe's heresies and of the sympathies of
King Wenceslaus IV for non-conformists. In response, the king and university
ordered all of Wycliffe's writings surrendered to the archdiocesan chancery for
[6]
correction. Hus obeyed, declaring that he condemned the errors in those writings.

Jan Hus preaching, illumination from
a Czech manuscript, 1490s
Papal Schism
In 1408, the Charles University in Prague was divided by the Western Schism, in
which Gregory XII in Rome and Benedict XIII in Avignon both claimed the papacy.
Wenceslaus felt Gregory XII might interfere with his plans to be crowned Holy
Roman Emperor. He denounced Gregory, ordered the clergy in Bohemia to observe a strict neutrality in the schism, and said that he
expected the same of the University. Archbishop Zajíc remained faithful to Gregory. At the University, only the scholars of the
Bohemian "nation" (one of the four governing sections), with Hus as their leader
, vowed neutrality.

Kutná Hora Decree

At the urging of Hus and other Bohemian leaders, Wenceslaus the Idle decreed in the
Czech city of Kutná Hora that the "Bohemian nation" would have three votes in
University affairs, while the Bavarian, Saxon, and Polish "nations" would have only
one vote in total. As a consequence, between five thousand and twenty thousand
foreign doctors, masters, and students left Prague in 1409. This exodus resulted in
the founding of the University of Leipzig, among others. Thus Charles University
lost its international importance and became a strictly Czech school. The emigrants
also spread news of the Bohemian heresies throughout the rest of Europe.
Archbishop Zajíc became isolated, while Hus was at the height of his fame,
becoming Rector of the University and enjoying the favour of the court. Wycliffe's
doctrines also regained favour in Prague.

Antipope Alexander V
In 1409, the Council of Pisa tried to end the schism by electing Alexander V as
Pope, but Gregory and Benedict did not submit. (Alexander was declared an The oldest known representation of
Jan Hus is from Martinická bible.
"antipope" by the Council of Constance in 1418.)

Hus, his followers, and Wenceslaus IV transferred their allegiance to Alexander V.

Under pressure from king Wenceslaus IV, Archbishop Zajíc did the same. Zajíc then lodged an accusation of "ecclesiastical
disturbances" against Wycliffites in Prague with Alexander V.

Excommunication
On 20 December 1409, Alexander V issued apapal bull that empowered the Archbishop to proceed against Wycliffism in Prague. All
copies of Wycliffe's writings were to be surrendered and his doctrines repudiated, and free preaching discontinued. After the
publication of the bull in 1410, Hus appealed to Alexander V, but in vain. The Wycliffe books and valuable manuscripts were burned,
and Hus and his adherents wereexcommunicated by Alexander V.

Indulgences
Archbishop Zajíc died in 1411, and with his death the religious movement in Bohemia entered a new phase, where the disputes
concerning indulgences assumed great importance.

Crusade against Naples

Alexander V died in 1410 and was succeeded by John XXIII (also later declared an antipope). In 1411, John XXIII proclaimed a
crusade against King Ladislaus of Naples, the protector of rivalPope Gregory XII. This crusade was preached in Prague as well. John
XXIII also authorized indulgences to raise money for the war. Priests urged the people on and these crowded into churches to give
their offerings. This traffic in indulgences was to some a sign of the corruption of the church needi
ng remediation.

Condemnation of indulgences and Crusade

Hus spoke out against indulgences, but he could not carry with him the men of the university. In 1412, a dispute took place, on which
occasion Hus delivered his address Quaestio magistri Johannis Hus de indulgentiis. It was taken literally from the last chapter of
Wycliffe's book, De ecclesia, and his treatise, De absolutione a pena et culpa. Hus asserted that no Pope or bishop had the right to
take up the sword in the name of the Church; he should pray for his enemies and
bless those that curse him; man obtains forgiveness of sins by true repentance, not
money. The doctors of the theological faculty replied, but without success. A few
days afterward, some of Hus's followers, led by Vok Voksa z Valdštejna, burnt the
Papal bulls. Hus, they said, should be obeyed rather than the Church, which they
considered a fraudulent mob of adulterers andSimonists.[7]

In response, three men from the lower classes who openly called the indulgences a
fraud were beheaded. They were later considered the first martyrs of the Hussite
Church. In the meantime, the faculty had condemned the forty-five articles and
added several other theses, deemed heretical, which had originated with Hus. The
king forbade the teaching of these articles, but neither Hus nor the university
complied with the ruling, requesting that the articles should be first proven to be un-
scriptural. The tumults at Prague had stirred up a sensation; papal legates and
Archbishop Albik tried to persuade Hus to give up his opposition to the papal bulls,
and the king made an unsuccessful attempt to reconcile the two parties.

Hus by an unknown artist, 16th

Attempts at reconciliation century

King Wenceslaus IV made efforts to harmonize the opposing parties. In 1412, he

convoked the heads of his kingdom for a consultation and, at their suggestion, ordered a synod to be held at Český Brod on 2
February 1412. It did not take place there, but in the palace of the archbishops at Prague, in order to exclude Hus from participation.
Propositions were made to restore peace in the Church. Hus declared that Bohemia should have the same freedom in regard to
ecclesiastical affairs as other countries and that approbation and condemnation should therefore be announced only with the
permission of the state power. This was the doctrine of Wycliffe (Sermones, iii. 519, etc.).

There followed treatises from both parties, but no harmony was obtained. "Even if I should stand before the stake which has been
prepared for me," Hus wrote at the time, "I would never accept the recommendation of the theological faculty." The synod did not
produce any results, but the King ordered a commission to continue the work of reconciliation. The doctors of the university
demanded approval of their conception of the Church, according to which the Pope is the head, the Cardinals are the body of the
Church, from Hus and his followers. Hus protested vigorously. The Hussite party seems to have made a great effort toward
reconciliation. To the article that the Roman Church must be obeyed, they added only "so far as every pious Christian is bound".
Stanislav ze Znojma and Štěpán Páleč protested against this addition and left the convention; they were exiled by the king, with two
others.

Hus leaves Prague and appeals to Jesus Christ

By this time, Hus' ideas had become widely accepted in Bohemia, and there was broad resentment against the Church hierarchy. The
attack on Hus by the Pope and Archbishop caused riots in parts of Bohemia. King W
enceslaus IV and his government took the side of
Hus, and the power of his adherents increased from day to day. Hus continued to preach in the Bethlehem Chapel. The churches of
the city were put under the ban, and the interdict was pronounced against Prague. To protect the city, Hus left and went into the
[8]
countryside, where he continued to preach and write.

Before Hus left Prague, he decided to take a step which gave a new dimension to his endeavors. He no longer put his trust in an
indecisive King, a hostile Pope or an ineffective Council. On 18 October 1412 he appealed to Jesus Christ as the supreme judge. By
appealing directly to the highest Christian authority, Christ himself, he bypassed the laws and structures of the medieval Church.[9]
For the Bohemian Reformation, this step was as significant as the95 theses posted in Wittenberg by Martin Luther in 1517.

After Hus left Prague for the country, he realized what a gulf there was between university education and theological speculation on
one hand, and the life of uneducated country priests and the laymen entrusted to their care on the other.[10] Therefore, he started to
write many texts in Czech, such as basics of the Christian faith or preachings, intended mainly for the priests whose knowledge of
Latin was poor.[11]
Writings of Hus and Wycliffe
Of the writings occasioned by these controversies, those of Hus on the Church, entitled De Ecclesia, were written in 1413 and have
been most frequently quoted and admired or criticized, and yet their first ten chapters are but an epitome of Wycliffe's work of the
same title, and the following chapters are but an abstract of another of Wycliffe's works (De potentate papae) on the power of the
Pope. Wycliffe had written his book to oppose the common position that the Church consisted primarily of the clergy, and Hus now
found himself making the same point. He wrote his work at the castle of one of his protectors in Kozí Hrádek, and sent it to Prague,
where it was publicly read in the Bethlehem Chapel. It was answered by Stanislav ze Znojma and Štěpán z Pálče with treatises of the
same title.

After the most vehement opponents of Hus had left Prague, his adherents occupied the whole ground. Hus wrote his treatises and
preached in the neighborhood of Kozí Hrádek. Bohemian Wycliffism was carried into Poland, Hungary, Croatia, and Austria. But in
ycliffe and ordered them to be burned.[12]
January 1413, a general council in Rome condemned the writings of W

Council of Constance
King Wenceslaus' brother Sigismund of Hungary, who was "King of the Romans" (that is, head of the Holy Roman Empire, though
not then Emperor), and heir to the Bohemian crown, was anxious to put an end to religious dissension within the Church. To put an
end to the papal schism and to take up the long desired reform of the Church, he arranged for a general council to convene on 1
November 1414, at Konstanz (Constance). The Council of Constance (1414–1418) became the 16th ecumenical council recognized
by the Catholic Church. Hus, willing to make an end of all dissensions, agreed to go to Constance, under Sigismund's promise of safe
conduct.[13]

Imprisonment and preparations for trial

It is not known whether Hus knew what his fate would be, but he made
his will before setting out. He started on his journey on 11 October 1414;
on 3 November 1414, he arrived at Constance, and on the following day,
the bulletins on the church doors announced that Michal z Německého
Brodu would be opposing Hus. In the beginning, Hus was at liberty,
under his safe-conduct from Sigismund, and lived at the house of a
widow. But he continued celebrating Mass and preaching to the people,
in violation of restrictions decreed by the Church. After a few weeks on
28 November 1414, his opponents succeeded in imprisoning him, on the
strength of a rumor that he intended to flee. He was first brought into the
Jan Hus at the Council of Constance
residence of a canon and then, on 6 December 1414, into the prison of
the Dominican monastery. Sigismund, as the guarantor of Hus's safety,
was greatly angered and threatened the prelates with dismissal; however, the prelates convinced him that he could not be bound by
promises to a heretic.[14]

On 4 December 1414, John XXIII entrusted a committee of three bishops with a preliminary investigation against Hus. As was
common practice, witnesses for the prosecution were heard, but Hus was not allowed an advocate for his defense. His situation
became worse after the downfall of John XXIII, who had left Constance to avoid abdicating. Hus had been the captive of John XXIII
and in constant communication with his friends, but now he was delivered to the bishop of Constance and brought to his castle,
Gottlieben on the Rhine. Here he remained for 73 days, separated from his friends, chained day and night, poorly fed, and ill.

Trial
On 5 June 1415, he was tried for the first time, and for that purpose was transferred to Franciscan
a monastery, where he spent the last
weeks of his life. Extracts from his works were read, and witnesses were heard. He refused all formulae of submission, but declared
himself willing to recant if his errors should be proven to him from the Bible. Hus conceded his veneration of Wycliffe, and said that
he could only wish his soul might some time attain unto that place where Wycliffe's
was. On the other hand, he denied having defended Wycliffe's doctrine of The Lord's
Supper or the forty-five articles; he had only opposed their summary condemnation.
King Sigismund admonished him to deliver himself up to the mercy of the Council,
as he did not desire to protect a heretic.

At the last trial, on 8 June 1415, thirty-nine sentences were read to him, twenty-six
of which had been excerpted from his book on the Church (De ecclesia), seven from
his treatise against Palecz (Contra Palecz), and six from that against Stanislav ze
Znojma (Contra Stanislaum). The danger of some of these doctrines to worldly
power was explained to Sigismund to incite him against Hus. Hus again declared
himself willing to submit if he could be convinced of errors. This declaration was
considered an unconditional surrender, and he was asked to confess:
Spiezer Chronik (1485), Burning of
Jan Hus at the stake inKonstanz.
1. that he had erred in the theses which he had hitherto maintained;
2. that he renounced them for the future;
3. that he recanted them; and
4. that he declared the opposite of these sentences.
He asked to be exempted from recanting doctrines which he had never taught; others, which the assembly considered erroneous, he
was not willing to revoke; to act differently would be against his conscience. These words found no favourable reception. After the
[15][3]
trial on 8 June, several other attempts were purportedly made to induce him to recant, which he resisted.

Condemnation
The condemnation took place on 6 July 1415, in the presence of the assembly of the
Council in the Cathedral. After the High Mass and Liturgy, Hus was led into the
church. The Bishop of Lodi (then Giacomo Balardi Arrigoni) delivered an oration on
the duty of eradicating heresy; then some theses of Hus and Wycliffe and a report of
his trial were read.

Refusals to recant
An Italian prelate pronounced the sentence of condemnation upon Hus and his
The monument in Konstanz, where
writings. Hus protested, saying that even at this hour he did not wish anything, but to
reformer Jan Hus was executed
be convinced from Scripture. He fell upon his knees and asked God with a soft voice
(1862)
to forgive all his enemies. Then followed his degradation — he was dressed in
priestly vestments and again asked to recant; again he refused. With curses, Hus'
ornaments were taken from him, his priestlytonsure was destroyed, and the sentence of the Church was pronounced, stripping him of
all rights, and he was delivered to secular authorities. Then a tall paper hat was put upon his head, with the inscription
"Haeresiarcha" (i.e., the leader of a heretical movement). Hus was led away to the stake under a strong guard of armed men.

Execution
At the place of execution, he knelt down, spread out his hands, and prayed aloud. The executioner undressed Hus and tied his hands
behind his back with ropes, and bound his neck with a chain to a stake around which wood and straw had been piled up so that it
covered him to the neck. At the last moment, the imperial marshal, von Pappenheim, in the presence of the Count Palatine, asked Hus
to recant and thus save his own life. Hus declined thus:

God is my witness that the things charged against me I never preached. In

the same truth of the Gospel which I have written, taught, and preached,
drawing upon the sayings and positions of the holy doctors, I am ready to
 die today.[16]

Anecdotally, it has been claimed that the executioners had trouble intensifying the fire. An
old woman then came to the stake and threw a relatively small amount of brushwood on it.
Upon seeing her act, a suffering Hus then exclaimed, "Sancta Simplicitas!". The phrase's
Czech equivalent, "Svatá prostota!" (vocative form: "Svatá prostoto!", Translated "Holy
simplicity!") is still used today when commenting on a person's foolish action coming from
the belief that s/he is doing something righteous. It is said that when he was about to expire,
he cried out, "Christ, son of the Living God, have mercy on us!" (a variant of the Jesus
Prayer). Hus' ashes were later thrown into the Rhine River (as a means of preventing the
veneration of his remains).

Aftermath
Jan Hus at the stake, Jena
codex (c. 1500)
Hussite Wars
Responding with horror to the execution of Hus, the people of
Bohemia moved even more rapidly away from Papal teachings,
provoking Rome to pronounce a crusade against them (1 March
1420): Pope Martin V issued a Papal bull authorising the execution
of all supporters of Hus and Wycliffe. King Wenceslaus IV died in
August 1419 and his brother, Sigismund of Hungary, was unable to
establish a real government in Bohemia due to the Hussite revolt.

The Hussite community included most of the Czech population of the

Kingdom of Bohemia, and became a major military power
. Under the
leadership of Jan Žižka (c. 1360–1424) and later of Prokop the Great
(ca. 1380 – 1434) - both excellent commanders—the Hussites
defeated the crusade and the three crusades that followed (1419– Evolution of the Hussite movement in theLands of
1434). Fighting ended after a compromise between the Utraquist the Bohemian Crown from 1419 to 1620,
Hussites and the Catholic Council of Basel in 1436. It resulted in the superimposed on modern borders
Basel Compacts, in which the Catholic Church officially allowed
Bohemia to practice its own version of Christianity (Hussitism). A
century later, as much as ninety percent of the inhabitants of theCzech Crown lands still followed Hussite teachings.

Hus's scholarship and teachings

Hus left only a few reformatory writings in the proper sense of the word, most of his works being polemical treatises against
Stanislav ze Znojma and Štěpán Páleč. He translated Wycliffe's Trialogus, and was very familiar with his works on the body of the
Lord, on the Church, on the power of the pope, and especially with his sermons. There are reasons to suppose that Wycliffe's doctrine
of the Lord's Supper (consubstantiation rather than transubstantiation[17] ) had spread to Prague as early as 1399, with strong evidence
that students returning from England had brought the work back with them. It gained an even wider circulation after it had been
prohibited in 1403, and Hus preached and taught it, although it is possible that he simply repeated it without advocating it. But the
doctrine was seized eagerly by the radical party, the Taborites, who made it the central point of their system. According to their book,
the Church is not the clerical hierarchy which was generally accepted as ‘the Church;’ the Church is the entire body of those who
from eternity have been predestined for salvation. Christ, not the pope, is its head. It is no article of faith that one must obey the pope
to be saved. Neither internal membership in the Church nor churchly offices and dignities are a surety that the persons in question are
members of the true Church.
To some, Hus's efforts were predominantly designed to rid the Church of its ethical
abuses, rather than a campaign of sweeping theological change. To others, the seeds
of the Reformation are clear in Hus's and Wycliffe's writings. In explaining the
plight of the average Christian in Bohemia, Hus wrote, "One pays for confession, for
mass, for the sacrament, for indulgences, for churching a woman, for a blessing, for
burials, for funeral services and prayers. The very last penny which an old woman
has hidden in her bundle for fear of thieves or robbery will not be saved. The
villainous priest will grab it." (Macek, 16) After Hus's death, his followers, known
as Hussites, split off into several groups including the Utraquists, Taborites and
Orphans.

Apology of the Catholic Church

Nearly six centuries later in 1999, Pope John Paul II expressed "deep regret for the
cruel death inflicted" on Hus and added "deep sorrow" for Hus' death and praised his
"moral courage". Cardinal Miloslav Vlk of the Czech Republic was instrumental in
crafting John Paul II's statement.[18] Jan Žižka leading troops of Hussites

Legacy
A century after the Hussite Wars began, as many as 90% of inhabitants of the Czech
lands were Hussites (although in theUtraquist tradition following a joint Utraquist—
Catholic victory in the Hussite Wars).[19] Although Bohemia was the site of one of
the most significant pre-reformation movements,[20] there are only few Protestant
adherents remaining in modern times;[21][22] mainly due to historical reasons such
Some two thousand of Hus' followers
as persecution of Protestants by the Catholic Habsburgs,[23] particularly after the
thrown into the Kutná Hora mines by
Battle of White Mountain in 1620; restrictions during the Communist rule; and also pro-Catholic townsmen
the ongoing secularization.[20]

Jan Hus was a key contributor to Protestantism, whose teachings had a strong
influence on the states of Europe and onMartin Luther. The Hussite Wars resulted in
the Basel Compacts which allowed for a reformed church in the Kingdom of
Bohemia—almost a century before such developments would take place in the
Lutheran Reformation. The Unitas Fratrum (or Moravian Church) considers itself a
spiritual heir to many of Hus' followers.[24] Hus' extensive writings earn him a
prominent place in Czech literary history.

Hus and Czech language

Jan Hus introduced improvements into medieval Czech language, such as the
diacritic including the "hook" háček (č,ě,š,ř,ž) (instead of digraph like "cz", "ie",
"sch", "rz", "zs"), the "dot" above letters for strong accent, as well as the acute
accent to mark long vowels (á,é,í,ó,ú), in order to represent each sound by a single Luther and Hus servingCommunion
under both kinds together, picture
symbol. Some sources mention documented use of the special symbols in Bible
from 16th-century Saxony
translations (1462), the Schaffhausen Bible, and handwritten notes in the bible. The
demonstrating the affinity of
symbol "ů" (instead of "uo") came later. The book Orthographia Bohemica (1406) Lutherans with Hussites
may have been written by Jan Hus, or by another author from Charles University
.

Today, the Jan Hus Memorial is located at the Prague Old Town Square (Czech Staroměstské náměstí), and there are many smaller
memorials in other towns throughout the Czech Republic.
In New York City, a church in Brooklyn (located at 153 Ocean Avenue), and a
church and a theatre in Manhattan (located at 351 East 74th Street) are named for
Hus: respectively the John Hus Moravian Church, the Jan Hus Presbyterian Church
and the Jan Hus Playhouse. Although the Manhattan's church and theatre share a
single building and management, the Playhouse's productions are usually non-
religious or non-denominational.

A statue of Jan Hus was erected at the Union Cemetery in Bohemia, New York (on
Long Island) by Czech immigrants to the New York area in 1893. Jan Hus Memorial at Old Town
Square in Prague built in 1915
In contrast to the popular perception that Hus was a proto-Protestant, some Eastern
Orthodox Christians have argued that his theology was far closer to Eastern
Orthodox Christianity. Jan Hus is considered as a martyr saint in some jurisdictions of the Orthodox Church.[25] The Czechoslovak
Hussite Church claims to trace its origin to Hus, to be "neo-Hussite", and contains mixed Eastern Orthodox and Protestant elements.
Hus has forever left his impact as a man whose life, teachings and beliefs transformed the church.

[26]
Hus was voted the greatest hero of Czech nation in a 2015 survey by Czech Radio. He received 19% of votes.

Holidays commemorating Hus

Moravian Church – 6 July. Members of the Unitas Fratrum andCzech Brethren claim Hus as a spiritual forerunner.
– Jan Hus Day (Den upálení mistra Jana Husa, literally: The day of burning of master Jan Hus) on 6 July
, the
anniversary of Hus' martyrdom. It is a public holiday in the Czech Republic.
Hus is honored with afeast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA)
.
He is also commemorated as a martyr on theCalendar of Saints of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in
America.[27]

Famous followers of Jan Hus

Jerome of Prague, Hus's friend and devoted follower shared his fate and on 30 May 1416 was also burned at
Konstanz
Jan Kardinál z Rejnštejna (1375–1428) German:
( Johannes Cardinalis von Bergreichenstein)[28]
Jan Žižka z Trocnova a Kalicha (c. 1360–1424), Czech general and Hussite leader
Matěj z Knína (died 26 March 1410) (in German: Matthäus vonKnin)
Mikuláš Biskupec z Pelhřimova(1385 Poděbrady – 1460 Poděbrady) (inLatin: Nicolaus Pilgramensis, in German:
Nikolaus von Pelgrims)
John Amos Comenius (1592–1670) (Czech: Jan Amos Komenský) - pastor, teacher, philosopher, educator and
writer. The last bishop of Unitas Fratrum prior to its renewal, and pastor in theMoravian Church. Early champion of
universal education, and education in one's mother language.

Gallery
Painting of Jan Hus at the Council of Preparing the execution of Jan Hus.
Constance by Václav Brožík (1883).

Alfons Mucha: Master Jan Hus Bethlehem Chapel (exterior) in Prague

Preaching at the Bethlehem Chapel:
Truth prevails, 1916; part of the 20-
painting work, The Slav Epic.

Bethlehem Chapel (interior) in Prague Medallion Portrait of Jan Hus

Preparing to burn Jan Hus at the stake Medallion of Jan Hus, Showing his
portrait and execution
Works
Iohannes Hus. Postilla adumbrata, ed. G. Silagi (Corpus Christianorum. Continuatio Mediaevalis261), Turnhout:
Brepols Publishers (ISBN 978-2-503-55275-0)
De ecclesia. The church, Jan Hus; David S. Schaff, translator, New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1915.
The letters of John Hus, Jan Hus; Herbert B. Workman; R. Martin Pope, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1904.
The Letters of John Hus, Jan Hus; Matthew Spinka, translator .

See also
Orthographia bohemica, a treatise thought to have been written by Jan Hus
Jan Hus Presbyterian Church, a New York City parish of the Presbyterian Church (USA)and named after Jan Hus

References
1. "Hus" (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/jan+hus). Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
2. Fudge, Thomas (1998)."Infoelix Hus: The Rehabilitation of a Medieval Heretic"(https://e-publications.une.edu.au/vit
al/access/manager/Repository;jsessionid=28AA30F1BE556E9922FF3D9A4232E984/une:15441?f0=sm_subject%3
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Further reading
Budgen, Victor. "On Fire For God." Evangelical Press, 2007.
Fudge, Thomas A. Jan Hus: Religious Reform and Social Revolution in Bohemia , I.B. Tauris, London, 2010
Fudge, Thomas A. The Memory and Morivation of Jan Hus, Medieval Priest and Martyr , Turnhout, Brepols, 2013
Fudge, Thomas A. The Trial of Jan Hus: Medieval Heresy and Criminal Procedure, Oxford University Press, New
York, 2013
Fudge, Thomas A. Jan Hus Between Time and Eternity: Reconsidering a Medieval Heretic , Lexington Books,
Lanham, MD, 2016
Fudge, Thomas A. Living With Jan Hus: A Modern Journey Across a Medieval Landscape , Center for Christian
Studies, Portland, OR, 2015
Spinka, Matthew (1972),The Letters of John Hus, Totowa, New Jersey: Manchester University Press, OCLC 590290
Spinka, Matthew (1968),John Hus: A Biography, Princeton, New Jersey:Princeton University Press, OCLC 441706
Spinka, Matthew (1966),John Hus' Concept of the Church, Princeton, New Jersey:Princeton University Press,
OCLC 390635
Matthew Spinka: 'John Hus at the Council of Constance'Columbia University Press, 1965 (Includes the eye-witness
account by Peter of Mladonovice)
Count Lützow: Life & Times of Master John Hus, E.P. Dutton & Co. London, 1909
Josef Macek: The Hussite Movement in Bohemia, Orbis, Prague, 1958
Philip Schaff-Herzog: Encyclopedia of Religion
Richard Friedenthal: Jan Hus. Der Ketzer und das Jahrhundert der Revolutionskriege. 2.Auflage 1987, ISBN 3-492-
10331-6
Wilhelm, J. (1910). Jan Hus. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New ork:
Y Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 16 May
2011 from New Advent:http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07584b.htm

External links
 John Hus, a movie produced by Faith for T oday (1977)
Jan Hus, a Czechoslovak movie directed by Otakar Vávra (1955)
Hussitism and the heritage of Jan Hus– Official Website of the Czech Republic
Final Declaration written on 1 July 1415 –Modern History Sourcebook, Fordham University
Letters of John Huss Written During His Exile and Imprisonment , with a preface by Martin Luther, by Jan Hus,
François Paul Émile Boisnormand de Bonnechose, .trCampbell Mackenzie, Edinburgh, William Whyte & Co., 1846
The life and times of John Huss "btm" format
Bohemian Reformation and Religious Practice– online translation of a Czech academic journal
Jan Hus and the Hussite Wars on Medieval Archives Podcast
Jan Hus Centre (historical Jan Hus Birth-house in Husinec, Czech Republic)

Texts on Wikisource

John Foxe, "Persecution of John Huss" in The Book of Martyrs, Chapter VIII.
"Huss, John". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
"Huss, John". Encyclopædia Britannica(11th ed.). 1911.
Wilhelm, J. (1913). "Jan Hus". Catholic Encyclopedia.
"Huss, John". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.

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