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2017 4th International Conference on Information Science and Control Engineering

Research on Resonant Magnetic Coupling Wireless Power Transmission with


Intensifier

Zhijuan Zhang
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
North China Electric Power University
Baoding, China
zhzhj@ncepu.edu.cn

Abstract—A novel approach is presented for improving the lumped models of coil resistance and ui and uo are input and
performance of a series-series magnetic coupled resonance output voltages. Other system parameters are the coil radius,
wireless power transmission system by adding an intensifier r, number of turns, n, and separation distance, D.
coil between the emitter and receiver. The best position of the
intensifier is determined and a prototype is designed and
tested. Using an intensifier coil at the optimal intermediate
position between emitter and receiver coils of 12 cm radius
located 30cm apart increases power transfer from less than 2W
to 8W and raises power transmission efficiency from 10% to
60%. Ls Lr

Keywords-wireless power transmissiont; resonant magnetic


coupling; intensifier Cs Cr

I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless power transmission (WPT) allows non-contact
power transfer and has been mostly used for low power, Figure.1 Schematic diagram of series-series magnetic coupling resonance
short range applications such as mobile phone charging or in WPT system
wet environments such as charging electric toothbrushes. In
2007, MIT scientists powered a 60 watt light two meters is ir
away using resonant magnetic coupling which has renewed
Rs Rr Cr
interest in WPT over medium distances [1].
The current challenge in WPT is obtaining maximum
power transfer and maximum efficiency for a particular ui
Ls Lr RL uo
WPT geometry. This paper investigates the addition of a
passive intensifier coil between emitter and receiver to
improve performance. Cs

II. L ANALYSIS OF SERIES-SERIES MAGNETIC COUPLING


WPT Figure.2 Circuit schematic of series-series magnetic coupling
resonance WPT system
Magnetic coupling resonance WPT uses two coils with
the same resonant frequency to transfer energy from the If the emitter and receiver coils are coaxial, parallel air-
emitter to the receiver with a particular separation. The gap core coils with the same parameters, the relationship between
between the coils of the emitter and receiver results in a large the mutual inductance M and the transmission distance D can
leakage inductance that limits the power received by the be expressed as follows[3].
load. In order to increase the transmitted active power and
minimize the system reactive power consumption, a π μ0 r 4 n 2 (1)
M ≈ ⋅
compensation capacitance is used to balance the circuit
inductance in the emitter port and the receiver port. For low
2 ( 2r 2
+D 2
)
3

power systems, a series connection of the capacitor to the


Radiation losses are generally small compared to ohmic
coil is used in both transmitter and receiver [2].
losses, so the loss resistance R0 is approximated by coil
For small power magnetic coupling resonance WPT
resistance R0 = Rr = Rs [4].
system, series-series compensation structure is commonly
used, as shown in Fig. 1 and the circuit schematic is shown Rs = Rr ≈ R0 = ωμ0 / 2σ nr / a (2)
in Fig. 2. Most terms are self-explanatory. Rs and Rr are

978-1-5386-3013-6/17 $31.00 © 2017 IEEE 1659


DOI 10.1109/ICISCE.2017.346
Where ı is the conductivity and ‫ ܤ‬is the wire radius of The experimentally measured load received power and
emitter coil and receiver coil. the power transmission efficiency as the coil separation Ds-r
Circuit analysis of the circuit in Fig.2 gives the following is varied are shown in Fig. 3. Maximum power transfer of
power transfer Po and efficiency Ș: 8.58 W occurs at 15cm separation. The transmission
2
(ωM ) 2 U i RL efficiency decreases as the distance increases, and the
2
Po = I r RL = (3) maximum efficiency in this experiment is 89.3%. When the
[ R0 ( R0 + RL ) + (ωM ) 2 ]2
load power is at its maximum at 15cm separation, the system
efficiency is only about 55%.
Po (ωM ) 2 (4)
η= = 10
Pi R0 ( R0 + RL ) + (ωM ) 2
8
Po is maximized when the mutual inductance satisfies 6
the following equation,
R0 ( R0 + RL ) 4
M= (5)
ω 2
2
U i RL (6) 0
Po max = 0 10 20 30
4 R0 ( R0 + RL )

(a)
Therefore, power transfer is maximized at a specific coil
separation, D, and reduces as the coils get closer or further 100
apart. This is the resonance distance. On the other hand,
80
efficiency reduces monotonically as D increases and M
reduces. This research investigates the effect of an intensifier 60
coil between the emitter and receiver which increases M, and
hence can increase both Po and efficiency Ș. 40

20
III. PERFORMANCE OF WPT WITHOUT INTENSIFIER
0
The first set of experiments were conducted on a series- 0 10 20 30
series magnetic coupling resonant WPT system with
parameters as follows in Table I and the inductance and (b)
resistance of the emitter and receiver coils can be measured Figure.3 Relationship between transmission distance and load power and
by the Fluck PM6306 RCL automatic inductance capacitance efficiency without intensifier.
resistance test instrument. The measured results and the a) Relationship between transmission distance and load power
electrical parameters used in the experiment are shown in (b) Relationship between transmission distance and efficiency
Table II. IV. PERFORMANCE OF WPT WITH INTENSIFIER
TABLE I. EMITTER AND RECEIVER COIL PARAMETERS The series-series magnetic coupling resonance WPT
arrangement with intensifier is shown in Fig. 4. The
Wire Diameter Number of Turns Coil Windin gRadius intensifier is composed of an enhancing coil and a
2r (mm) n r (cm) compensation capacitor. In order to ensure emitting,
2.5 5 12 receiving and enhancing coils all have the same resonant
frequency, the coils are wound with the same kind of wire,
and have the same number of turns and coil radius, which
will give the same coil inductance and matching capacitor.
TABLE II. WPT SYSTEM PARAMETERS The intensifier is an independent passive LC resonant circuit
and it enhances the effective mutual inductance between
Ui f0 Ls Lr Cs Cr Rs Rt RL emitter and receiver and improves performance [5].
(V) (kHz) (ȝH) (ȝH) (pF) (pF) (Ω) (Ω) (Ω)

11V 916.4 13.71 13.71 2200 2200 0.38 0.38 10

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Ds−t
Ds − r
Dt−r intensifier position at which the load receiving power reaches
its maximum, but the efficiency is not necessarily the largest
at this position. So intensifier position can be chosen to
Ls Lt Lr
maximize power transfer or efficiency.

Cs Cr
B. Different Transimission Distance Ds-r, Changing the
Ct Intensifier Position to Reach the Maximum Load Power

Using parameters in Table II, when the distance between


Figure. 4 Arrangement of series-series magnetic coupling resonance WPT
the emitter coil and receiver coil Ds-r is different, move the
system with intensifier intensifier to let the load receiving the maximum power in
each transmission distance, then record the maximum load
Without changing the system parameters, the output power, calculate the system efficiency. The specific data are
power and transmission efficiency of the system are shown in Table III.
measured as coil positions are changed.
TABLE III. EXPERIMENTAL DATA
A. Fix the Transmission Distance Ds-r, Changing the
IntensifierLocation Ds −r /cm Dt −r /cm Load Power/W Ș /%

The distance between the emitter coil and receiver coil 6 2.3 0.82 28.39
Ds-r is fixed to 35cm, and the distance between the 8 3.2 1.33 36.72
intensifier and receiver coil Dt-r is varied. The received 10 4.0 1.83 38.49
power and efficiency relationship experiment curves are as 12 5.0 2.77 43.50
shown in Fig. 5. 14 5.7 3.36 43.64
16 6.5 4.14 52.12
10 18 7.3 4.80 59.54
8 20 8.0 5.62 59.08
22 8.9 5.94 57.39
6 24 9.6 6.38 56.43
4 26 10.3 7.44 58.88
28 11.5 7.69 59.69
2 30 12.2 8.06 58.77
0 32 13.0 8.06 57.26
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 34 13.4 8.19 55.33
36 14.7 8.19 51.56
(a)
In this experiment, the emitter-receiver distance is varied
70 from 6cm to 36cm and the position of the intensifier for
60 maximum load power is identified. In all cases, the ratio of
50 intensifier to receiver distance, Dt-r, to the emitter to receiver
distance, Ds-r, is between 38 and 43%.
40
30 V. COMPARISON OF WPT WITH AND WITHOUT
20 INTENSIFIER
10
Fig.6 compares load power and efficiency for various
0 emitter-receiver distances without an intensifier, and with an
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
intensifier at the maximum load power position. The use of
an intensifier significantly modifies WPT performance
(b) allowing much greater load power and efficiency at larger
Figure.5 Relationship between intensifier position and load power and separations between emitter and receiver. The relationship
efficiency with intensifier. curve between Ds-r and ratio of Dt-r and Ds-r is given in Fig.
(a) Relationship between transmission distance and load power 7.
(b) Relationship between transmission distance and efficiency

In Fig.5, the load power and the efficiency have similar


shapes, with a clear central maximum. There is always an

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certain extent, the receiving power stabilizes at near
maximum power and nearly no change with the transmission
distance.
10 Compare Fig. 6 with Fig. 3, after adding the intensifier,
the efficiency increases first, then decreases a little with the
8
increase of transmission distance, keeps a stable state.
By contrasting the relations Dr-t and Ds-t, it can be seen
6
that there always exists the best position of the intensifier to
4 reach the load maximum power when the distance between
the emitter and receiver is a certain distance, Through the
2 relationship as shown in Fig. 7, it can be approximately
obtained when the distance ratio of Dr-t to Ds-t accounted
0 for about 40% of the distance of the emitter and receiver Ds-
0 10 20 30 40 r, the receiving end voltage reached its maximum and the
load got its maximum power, this position could be the best
intensifier location.
(a)
VI. CONCLUSION
A novel method has been described and experimentally
100 verified for improving the load received power and
efficiency of a resonant magnetic coupled WPT by adding an
80 intensifier coil. Without an intensifier, the WPT load power
and efficiency drop off quickly once the peak power transfer
60 distance is reached. Addition of the intensifier coil allows
40 approximately the same power and efficiency to be extended
to twice the emitter-receiver distance.
20
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
0 This work was supported by the natural science
0 10 20 30 40
foundation of Hebei Province (Grant No.F2014502041)

(b)
Figure.6 Relationship between transmission distance Ds-r and load power
Po, and efficiency Ș with and without intensifier
REFERENCES
(a) Relationship between transmission distance and load power [1] Kurs A, Karalis A, Moffatt R, et al. “Wireless power transfer via
(b) Relationship between transmission distance and efficiency strongly coupled magnetic resonances.”Science, 2007, 317 (5834):
83-86.
50
[2] CheonSanghoon, Kim Yong-Hae, Kang Seung-Youl, et al㸬”Circuit-
/%

model-based analysis of a wireless energy transfer system via coupled


magnetic resonances”㸬IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,
Ratio of Dt-r and Ds-r

40
2011, 58(7)㸸2906-2914㸬
30 [3] Gongti, “A simple method to calculate mutual inductance between
two coaxial circular coils in general situation”,College Physics, 2011,
20
30(4): 46-48.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
[4] Grover F W. Inductance caculations. New York: Courier Dover
Publication, 2004:88-93
Figure.7 Relationship curve between transmission distance Ds-r and ratio [5] Zhang Xiaozhuang. Research on the distance characteristics and
of Dt-r and Ds-r experimental device of magnetic resonances based wireless energy
transfer technology.Harbin Institute of Technology,2009.
Fig. 6 shows, with an intensifier, in a long distance, the
received power increases with the increasing of the
transmission distance, but when the distance increases to a

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