Interpreting Graphics

The figure at right shows the digestive system. In the spaces provided, label the following parts of the
digestive system: liver, throat, stomach, gallbladder, mouth, esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine.

1. _______________________mouth

2. _______________________pharynx (throat)

3. _______________________esophagus

4. _______________________stomach

5. _______________________liver

6. _______________________gall bladder

7. _______________________large intestine

8. _______________________small intestine

The table below lists information about digestive secretions. Complete the table by writing the correct term
or phrase in the space provided.
Digestive Organ/Structure Digestive Tract Nutrient
Secretion Released By Area Released Secretion Acts
Into On
9. Amylase salivary glands mouth 10. starch

Pepsin cells in stomach lining 11. stomach 12. protein

13. bile liver 14. small intestine fat globules

Lipase 15. pancreas 16. small intestine Fats

(insulin is produced in the
pancreas, but it’s secreted into
the blood instead of the
digestive tract)
Multiple choice.
17. The blood-filtering unit in the figure is called a(n)
a. villus. c. urethra.
b. nephron. d. microvillus.
18. The structure labeled A is called the
a. collecting duct. c. renal tubule.
b. glomerulus. d. Bowman’s capsule.
19. The structure labeled C is called the
a. collecting duct. c. renal tubule.
b. glomerulus. d. Bowman’s capsule.
20. Amylases in saliva begin the breakdown of carbohydrates into
a. fatty acids. c. amino acids.
b. polypeptides. d. simple sugars.
21. Which of the following is an example of chemical digestion?
 a. chewing food c. breaking bonds
b. peristaltic contractions d. churning food
22. In the stomach, single protein strands are cut into smaller amino acid chains by the
digestive enzyme called
a. amylase. c. lipase.
b. pepsin. d. gastrin.
23. The products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream through the
a. villi and microvilli of the small c. stomach and colon.
intestine. d. liver and gallbladder.
b. rectum of the large intestine.
24. Bile, which breaks fat globules into tiny fat droplets, is produced by the
a. pancreas. c. liver.
b. gallbladder. d. duodenum.
25. The end result of the filtration, reabsorption, and secretion processes in the nephrons is
a. water. c. urine.
b. carbon dioxide. d. urea.
26. Urine leaves the bladder and exits the body through a tube called the
a. urethra. c. kidney.
b. ureter. d. nephron.
27. Within each Bowman’s capsule is a fine network of capillaries called a
a. glomerulus. b. collecting duct.
a. renal tubule. c. nephron.
The figure at right shows a nephron from a kidney. In the spaces provided, label the following structures:
Bowman’s capsule, capillaries, renal tubule, collecting duct, and glomerulus.

28. ______________________ glomerulus = Blood

29. ______________________ Bowman’s capsule = Filtrate  Urine

30. ______________________ renal tubule

31. ______________________ capillaries

32. ______________________ collecting duct

33. ______________________ loop of Henle

34. Draw arrows showing the direction of blood

flow and of the filtrate coming from the blood.
35. Explain why there are different lengths of
the loop of Henle in these organisms.

a. Beaver (aquatic):
aquatic environment will decrease the need for water absorption
so the loop will be smaller.
b. Human (terrestrial): This is the standard being measured
from. Humans have a relatively high need to reabsorb water
considering the aridness of the environment.
c. Kangaroo rat (arid/terrestrial): kangaroo rats live in very arid environments so their
needs to reabsorb water is high. Therefore, their loop will be larger, respectively.