REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Arba Pramundita Ramadani

 spermatozoa

Degeneration
Determination

Diferentiation Development
On week 7 On week 9
XY sertoli Testoteron
cell AMH
 Introduction
• Primary sex organs (gonads) testes in males,
ovaries in females
• Gonads produce sex cell (gametes) and
secrete sex hormones
• Sex hormones androgens (males), estrogens
& progesterone (female)
• Accessory sex organs ducts, glands, external
genitalia
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Produce • Transport,
sperm store,
maturation

System
Testes
ducts

Accessory Supporting
sex glands stucture

• Secrete • Scrotum,
liquid penis
 Testes /Testicles
• Paired, oval glands in the scrotum
• Membrans: tunica vaginalis, tunica albugenia
• Tunica albugenia: lobules
seminiferous tubulus—produce sperm
• Function
endocrine testosteron
exocrine spermatozoa
Cell type of seminiferous
tubulus

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 Male reproductive tract
Spermatazoon in testes are not yet capable
of fertilization

Epididymis
spermatazoon complete maturation
as they move through epididymis
(about 2 weeks)
↓
Ductus deferens (vas deferens)
↓
Ejaculatory duct
 System ducts
Epididymis
•Sperm maturation, stores &
reabsorbed sperm
Ductus deferens
•Conveys sperm, stores & reabsorb
sperm
Ejaculatory ducts
•Eject sperm & seminal vesicle
secretion
Urethra
•Terminal duct
 Accessory sex glands
Seminal • Alkaline & viscous fluid
vesicles • Fructose, prostaglandin,clotting proteins

• Milky, slightly acidic fluid

Prostate • Citric acid, proteolytic enzime,
seminalplasmin (AB)

Bulboerethral • Alkaline fluid neutralizing acid from urine

• Mucus protect sperm damaged during
glands ejaculation
 Scrotum
• Supporting structure for the testes
• Regulate temperature of the testes
N: 2-3oC below core body temperature
outside pelvic cavity
contraction cremastor& dartos muscle
penis
 Mixture of sperm &
seminal fluid
semen
Sperm transport medium,
nutrient, protection from
acidic enviroment (male’s
urethra&female’s vagina)

Once ejaculated, liquid

semen coagulated, 5’

After 10-20’, semen reliquefies

because PSA & proteolytic Mobile
enzyme sperm
Spermatogenesis
Spermiogenesis & Spermatozoon
structure
 Spermiasi
Spermatozoa enter
adluminal (lumen of the
seminiferous tubule)

t. Seminiferous peristaltic
moves spermatozoa to
epididymis
Hormonal Feedback and the Regulation of the
Male Reproductive Function
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Ovaries---primary organs
• Accessory organs:
- uterus
- uterine (fallopian) tubes
- vagina
- external genitalia
 The uterus
• Muscular organ
– Mechanical protection
– Nutritional support
– Waste removal for the developing embryo and fetus
• Supported by the broad ligament and 3 pairs of
suspensory ligaments
OVIDUCT
Vagina
 Vulva
• Mons pubis
• Labia majora
• Labia minora
• Clitoris
 Oogenesis
• Ovum production
• Occurs monthly in ovarian follicles
• Part of ovarian cycle
– Follicular phase (preovulatory)
– Luteal phase (postovulatory)
 Uterine cycle
• Repeating series of changes in the endometrium
• Continues from menarche to menopause
– Menses
• Degeneration of the endometrium
• Menstruation
– Proliferative phase
• Restoration of the endometrium
– Secretory phase
• Endometrial glands enlarge and accelerate their rates of
secretion
The Hormonal Regulation of Ovarian
Activity
 Menopause

• Ovulation and menses cease entirely

• Without sufficient estrogen, reproductive
organs and breasts atrophy
• Irritability and depression result
• Skin blood vessels undergo intense
vasodilation (hot flashes occur)
• Gradual thinning of the skin and bone loss
• Males have no equivalent to menopause