STATE OF THE ART ON A RESEARCH

Written by:
Rizki Rofita (7117-891397)
Rusmiyati (71170891420)
Mutya Sarah Daulay (71170891406)

Supervisor
Prof. dr. TamsilSyafiuddin, Sp.P (K)

Department of Pulmonology
Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital
Medan
2019
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ...............................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION ............................................................................... 2

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION ........................................................................... 6

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 PREFACE

Praise and thank you for the presence of God Almighty for all His grace and love and
gifts that have been given to all of His creations so that we can complete a paper entitled
“State Of The Art On a Research”. The purpose of the preparation of this paper is as one of
the requirements to complete the senior clinic partnership at the Dr.Pirndadi General
Hospital. In the preparation of this paper, we experienced many difficulties and obstacles, this
was due to the limitations of our knowledge.
We hope that this paper can be use to us in particular, and to readers in general. We as
compilers are very aware that in the preparation of this paper there are still many
shortcomings and far from perfection. Therefore, we look forward to criticism and
suggestions aimed at building.

Medan, Jan 2019

Writer

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTON

1.1 Background

State of the art (sometimes cutting edge) refers to the highest level of general development,
as of a device, technique, or scientific field achieved at a particular time. It also refers to such
a level of development reached at any particular time as a result of the
common methodologies employed at the time.

in fact, many of the research ideas put forward are quite good and original, but very rarely
include SOTA references (journals, research reports, final assignments, scientific books,
project reports, interview reports, internet publications) as a basis for ideas or ideas why you
want do the research. Getting and reading SOTA references is important so that the ideas
(ideas) and the direction of the research to be carried out correctly, in addition to the
supporting theories needed, have been read and understood

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

State of the art (sometimes cutting edge) refers to the highest level of general development,
as of a device, technique, or scientific field achieved at a particular time. It also refers to such
a level of development reached at any particular time as a result of the
common methodologies employed at the time.

The term has been used since 1910, and has become both a common term
in advertising and marketing, and a legally significant phrase with respect to both patent
law and tortliability.

In advertising, the phrase is often used to convey that a product is made with the best possible
technology, but it has been noted that "the term 'state of the art' requires little proof on the
part of advertisers", as it is considered mere puffery. The use of the term in patent law, by
contrast, "does not connote even superiority, let alone the superlative quality the ad writers
would have us ascribe to the term"

The origin of the concept of "state of the art" took place in the beginning of the twentieth
century. The earliest use of the term "state of the art" documented by the Oxford English
Dictionary dates back to 1910, from an engineering manual by Henry Harrison Suplee (1856-
post 1943), an engineering graduate (University of Pennsylvania, 1876), titled Gas Turbine:
progress in the design and construction of turbines operated by gases of combustion. The
relevant passage reads: "In the present state of the art this is all that can be done". The term
"art" refers to technics, rather than performing or fine arts.

Over time, use of the term increased in all fields where this kind of art has a significant
role. In this relation it has been quoted by the author that "Although eighteenth century
writers did not use the term, there was indeed in existence a collection of scientific and
engineering knowledge and expertise that can be identified as the state of the art for that
time".

Despite its actual meaning, which does not convey technology that is ahead of the industry,
the phrase became so widely used in advertising that a 1985 article described it as
"overused", stating that it has no punch left and actually sounds like a lie". A 1994 essay
listed it among "the same old tired clichés" that should be avoided in advertising

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State-of-the-art (SoTA) is a step to demonstrate the novelty of your research results. The
importance of being the first to demonstrate research results is a cornerstone of the research
business. You cannot get a Nobel prize (anymore) by learning Einstein‘s law of photoelectric
effect by heart and presenting it as your own. Einstein did it before you, and everyone knows
it because he published it. When Einstein published his theory the theory had novelty.
Einstein could demonstrate his theory’s novelty by presenting a SoTA and showing that no
other researcher had ever presented such results. That’s why he got a Nobel prize and you
will not.

Besides demonstrating the novelty of your research results, a SoTA has other important
properties:

 It teaches you a lot about your research problem. By reading literature related to
your research problem you will learn from other researchers and it will be easier for
you to understand and analyze your problem.
 It proves that your research problem has relevance. If many people are trying to solve
the same research problem as you, and if you can demonstrate this in your SoTA, then
no one can tell you the problem you are trying to solve is not important.
 It shows different approaches to a solution. By seeing many different approaches
taken by other researchers, you can evaluate your own approach and realize its
novelty (or lack of it) easily. You can also see which approaches are the most popular
and which are dead ends.
 It shows what you can reuse from what others have done. Especially when doing
research on new software, it is amazing how many people have made the exact
software you are planning to make. Just do a search on sourceforge and github.

So how to write a good SoTA? Writing a good SoTA is 110% dependent on having a clear
problem definition. If you have failed in defining your problem clearly, you will fail in
writing a good SoTA. The reason is that you will not know what related research you should
investigate. So if you have problems with your SoTA, please go back and work on your
problem definition! Here are some steps/hints on starting to write:

1. SoTA is not a one-way road. You will not sit down one evening and write your SoTA.
You will do it all the time while writing your paper/report. Knowing what other
researchers are doing should be a part of your life for all the duration of your research.

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 So an important step is to create a system of registering and summarizing what you
read. Use some bibliography software such
as Mendeley, BibTeX or EndNode or Zotero, register everything you read, and
register your understanding of what you read, in your own words.
2. Be critical when choosing your literature. Don’t read everything. There is a LOT of
garbage out there on the web, and you don’t want to waste your time on garbage. One
important criteria for choosing your literature is to make sure that it is peer-
reviewed and is already presented/published in well-known conferences/journals. In
case of technical IT-related stuff, ACM and IEEE are good places to start (do searches
in Engineering Village). It is also a good idea to set up an initial SoTA literature list
together with your supervisor.
3. Stop reading! Make an initial selection of literature (10-20 papers, depending on
research problem) and stick to these for a while. Don’t go on finding new papers all
the time, or you will never finish your thesis!
4. Spend time on analysis and not on making summaries! A mere summary of 10-20
papers is not a SoTA. There is software out there that can summarize any paper for
you, automatically and much faster than you ever will be able to. Your summaries
become a SoTA only when you relate the SoTA papers to your own problem analysis.
5. Always give credit! Not giving credit for others’ research is also called plagiarism.
6. For more advanced writers: It is always a good practice to document your
methodology for doing state-of-the-art survey. This means you should document how
you searched for literature, what literature you included and what you excluded, how
you did your analysis and so forth. This is called systematic review.

An effective state-of-the-art search is designed to give a broad picture, identifying general

and background art for a particular technology. A state-of-the-art search often covers
materials such as disclosures made in patents, scientific literature and review articles.

Benefits of a State-of-the-Art Search

 Gain understanding about new areas your company hopes to pursue

 Help allocate precious resources before starting a new project

 Identify a new area of interest or unexplored opportunities

 Identify possible business partners or pin-point competitors

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 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

Taking a literal translation of "state of the art" that the research work is placed as a work of
art that has high taste. The producers of this artwork always try to produce unique works,
unlike the previous ones, there is no equal. This is what is called the highest achievement -
STATE OF THE ART. This work of art is produced from the results of thoughts and hands
with full responsibility so it feels difficult to imitate, even when two workers work doing
their work on the same object, the results can be felt differently from one another.

You are like an art worker to produce unique works. For those who have succeeded in
completing the Final Work on research, then proud of your work as a state of the art work.

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