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Reservoir
boundary
Well
Formation
thickness
Schematic of reservoir
h
r
where;
= velocity of flowing fluid
= fluid density at r+r The area of the volume element at the
A = area at r+r entry:
similarly;
Rearranging equation 8:
lim
1 r r v r r r v r
lim
t t t (12)
r 0 r r t 0 t
or:
1
Continuity equation r v (13)
r r t
where;
= velocity of flowing fluid
= fluid density at r+r
= porosity
kA P where;
q k = permeability (14)
r = fluid viscosity
definition of velocity;
q
v (15)
A
Substituting in equation 14;
k P
v (16)
r
DR. ABDUL HAQUE TUNIO
Transient Flow Equation (1/2)
Substituting equation 16 in equation 13;
1 k P
r (17)
r r r t
Expanding the right hand side of equation 13:
t t t (18)
1
cr
P (19)
P
t P t
(20)
P
cr
t t
(21)
P
cr
t t t (22)
1 k P P
r cr (23)
r r r t t
k P P
r cr (24)
r r r t t
Expanding above equation gives :
k P 2 P P P
2 c (25)
t t
r
r r r r r
Applying the chain rule in the the above equation:
k P P P
2 2
P P
2 cr (26)
r r r r P t t P
DR. ABDUL HAQUE TUNIO
Transient Flow Equation
for Slightly Compressible Fluids (2/6)
Dividing the both sides of the above equation by ;
k 1 P 2 P P 1 P 1 (27)
2
P
2 cr
r r r r P t t P
Remembering fluid compressibility is related to its density by:
1
cf
P (28)
k 1 P 2 P
2
P P P
2 c f cr c f (29)
r r r r t t
k 1 P 2 P P
2 cr c f (30)
r r r t
Defining the total compressibility ct:
ct cr c f (31)
2 P 1 P ct P
(32)
r 2
r r k t
P 1 P ct P
2
(32)
r 2
r r k t
2 P 1 P ct P
(33)
r 2
r r 0.0002637 k t
Where; Assumptions inherent in equation 33 (2,3,4):
1. Radial flow into well opened entire thickness of
k = permeability, md
formation
r = radial position, ft 2. Laminar flow (Darcy)
P = pressure, psia 3. Homogeneous and isotropic porous medium
ct = total compressibility, psi-1 4. Porous medium has constant permeability and
t = time, hours compressibility
= porosity, fraction 5. Gravity effects are negligible
= viscosity, cp 6. Isothermal conditions
7. Fluid has small and constant compressibility
8. Fluid viscosity is constant
1 P ct P
r
(34)
r r r k t
1 P ct P
Equation: r (34)
r r r k t
Initial Condition: Pr ,0 Pi (35)
Boundary Conditions:
2kh P
Inner Boundary q r (36)
r rw
Outer Boundary Pr , t Pi (37)
1 P ct P
Equation: r (34)
r r r k t
Initial Condition: Pr ,0 Pi (35)
Boundary Conditions:
2kh P
Inner Boundary q r (36)
r rw
P
Outer Boundary 0 (38)
r re
DR. ABDUL HAQUE TUNIO
Initial and Boundary Conditions
for
Constant Production Rate, Constant Pressure Boundary
1 P ct P
Equation: r (34)
r r r k t
Initial Condition: Pr ,0 Pi (35)
Boundary Conditions:
2kh P
Inner Boundary q r (36)
r rw
1 P ct P
r (34)
r r r k t
PD
kh
Pi P (40)
qB
Dimensionless Radius:
r
rD (41)
rw
Dimensionless time:
kt
tD (42)
ct rw2
1 PD PD
rD (43)
rD rD rD t D
PD rD , tD 0 0 (44)
Outer Boundary:
PD rD , tD 0 (45)
Inner Boundary:
PD
1 (46)
Initial Condition:
PD rD , tD 0 0 (47)
Outer Boundary:
PD
0 (48)
rD reD
Inner Boundary:
PD
1 (49)
PD rD , tD 0 0 (50)
Outer Boundary:
Inner Boundary:
PD
1 (52)
1 PD PD
rD
rD rD rD t D
Prove also that the below initial and boundary conditions are the
dimensionless forms of Constant Rate Infinite Boundary case.
1 PD PD
rD (43)
rD rD rD t D
PD
Inner Boundary: lim rD 1 (46)
rD 0
rD rD
rD2
0.01 (83)
4t D
Exponential integral can be approximated as
1 tD
PD ln 2 0.80907 (84)
2 rD
rD 1 (85)
PD wellbore
1
ln tD 0.80907 (86)
2
This is the solution for dimensionless bottom hole well pressure for
constant production rate infinite reservoir case.