Drive Light Vehicle Final

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector:
AUTO LAND TRANSPORT
Qualification:
DRIVING NC II
Unit of Competency:
DRIVE LIGHT VEHICLE
Module Title:
DRIVING LIGHT VEHICLE
Technical Education and Skills Development

Authority
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
Welcome to the module in Driving NC II. This module contains training

materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “DRIVING LIGHT VEHICLE" contains knowledge,
skills and attitudes required for a trainer course. It is one of the specialized
modules in Driving NC II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order
to complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome
are Information Sheets and Resources Sheets (Reference Materials for
further reading to help you better understand the required activities). Follow
these activities on your own and answer the self-check at the end of each
learning outcome. You may remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each
module (or get one from your facilitator/trainer) to write your answers for
each self-check. If you have questions, don‟t hesitate to ask your facilitator
for assistance.
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills
covered in this learner's guide because you have:
 been working for some time
 already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a
particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally
recognized so you don't have to do the same training again. If you have a
qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings, show it to
your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the
unit/s of competency they may become part of the evidence you can present
for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss this
with your trainer.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency in DRIVING LIGHT VEHICLE. This will be the source of
information for you to acquire knowledge and skills in this particular trade
independently and at your own pace, with minimum supervision or help
from your instructor.
 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the Training
of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into
sections, which cover all the skills, and knowledge you need to
successfully complete this module.
Work through all the information and complete the activities in
each section. Read information sheets and complete the self-check.
Date Developed: Document No.

October 2010 Issued by:
DRIVING NC II Page 2 of
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Suggested references are included to supplement the materials
provided in this module.
 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or
manager. He/she is there to support you and show you the
correct way to do things.
 Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important
that you listen and take notes.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and
practice on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills
during regular work shifts. This way you will improve both your
speed and memory and also your confidence.
 Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.
 Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test
your own progress. When you are ready, ask your trainer to
watch you perform the activities outlined in this module.
 As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on
your progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment
reports for this reason. When you have successfully completed
each element, ask your trainer to mark on the reports that you
are ready for assessment.
 When you have completed this module (or several modules), and
feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer
will arrange an appointment with registered assessor to assess
you. The results of your assessment will be recorded in your
competency Achievement Record.
Instructional Sheets :
Information Sheet – This will provide you with information
(Concepts, principles and other relevant information) needed in
performing certain activities.
Operation Sheet – This will guide you in performing single task,

operation process in a job.
Job Sheet – This is designed to guide you how to do the job that will
contribute to the attainment of the learning outcome.

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Assignment Sheet – The assignment sheet is a guide used to enhance
(follow up) what you have learned in the information sheet or job
sheet.
Worksheet – are the different forms that you need to fill up certain
activities that you performed.

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LIST OF COMPETENCIES
NO. UNIT OF COMPETENCIES MODULE TITLE CODE
1 Carry out Minor Vehicle Carrying out Minor Vehicle ALT723348

Maintenance and Servicing Maintenance and Servicing
2 Drive Light Vehicle. Driving Light Vehicle ALT832302
3 Obey and Observe Traffic Rules Obeying and Observing Traffic ALT832303
and Regulation Rules and Regulation
4 Implement and Coordinate Implementing and Coordinating ALT832304
Accident Emergency Accident Emergency Procedure
Procedure

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MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Drive Light Vehicle
MODULE TITLE : Driving Light Vehicle
MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This module covers the knowledge, skills and

attitudes required in cleaning premises of an
accommodation industry. It includes selection
and set-up of equipment and materials; cleaning
of both wet and dry areas; and maintenance of
cleaning equipment and materials.
NOMINAL DURATION : 80 hours
QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC II
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this module, the trainee would be able to:

L.O 1 Perform light vehicle pre-starting and warm-up
L.O.2 Drive light vehicle
L.O 3 Monitor and maintain vehicle performance
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

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 Vehicle Inspection is performed as per manufacturer’s specification.
 Safety harness/devices and tools are check according to the land
transportation office (LTO)/ land transportation franchising and
regulatory board (LTFRB) requirements.
 Warm up of light vehicle is performed as per manufacturer’s manual.
 Light vehicle is driven in accordance with traffic rules and regulations
and manufacturer’s instruction.
 Driving hazards are identified and/or anticipated and avoided or
controlled through defensive driving as per standard operating
procedures.
 The light vehicle is parked, shut down and secured in accordance with
manufacturer’s specifications, traffic regulations and workplace
procedures.
 Passengers and loads are transported up to the route assigned and
fares are collected as per LTFRB regulations.
 Driving is performed according to the restriction and condition stated
in the official receipt license and within the occupational health and
safety standards (OHS).
 Out-of line/ anti-car napping clearance permit is secured as per traffic
rules and regulations.
 Defective or irregular performance and malfunctions are monitored and
reported to the appropriate person/ authority.
 Minor vehicle maintenance is performed in accordance with
manufacturer’s manual.
 Vehicle records are maintained/ updated in accordance with workplace
procedures.

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LEARNING OUTCOME #1 Perform vehicle Pre starting and Warm up
CONTENTS  Parts of Light Vehicle and its
Function
 Hand Tools
 LIGHT Vehicle with some Safety
Harness/Devices/Tools of a vehicle
 Routinely Check up of a Vehicle
 LTO/LTFRB Safety Requirements
 Light Vehicle Pre-starting and
Warm-up
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA  Vehicle Inspection is performed as per

manufacturer’s specification.
 Safety harness/devices and tools are
check according to the land transportation
office (LTO)/ land transportation
franchising and regulatory board (LTFRB)
requirements.
 Warm up of light vehicle is performed as
per manufacturer’s manual.
REFERENCES  Automotive Technology; Tech Manual; 4th

Edition; ERJAVEC
 Automotive Technology; 4th Edition;
ERJAVEC
 Toyota Training Manual
 Auto Mechanics, Theory and Service
By: de Kryger, Kobacik.Bono
 Automotive Mechanics; 10th ed.
Crouse: Anglin
 Internet Websites
CONDITION: Students/Trainees must be provided with the
following:
1. WORKPLACE LOCATION:
Equipment
Computer
LCD
2. TOOLS, ACCESSORIES AND SUPPLIES
Whiteboard
CD
Tapes
3. TRAINING MATERIALS:
Request form
Modules
ASSESSMENT METHOD  Written Test
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 Demonstration

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome No. 1 Perform vehicle Pre starting and Warm

up.
Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read Information sheet 2.1-1 on Use Information sheet 2.1-1 on Parts

Parts of Light Vehicle and its of Light Vehicle and its Function
Function
Answer Self-Check 2.1-1 Check your answer using Answer

Key 2.1-1
Read Information sheet 2.1-2 on Use Information sheet 2.1-2 on Hand

Hand Tools Tools

Key 2.1-2
Read Information sheet 2.1-3 on Use Information sheet 2.1-3 on Light

Light Vehicle with some Safety Vehicle with some Safety
Harness/Devices/Tools of a vehicle Harness/Devices/Tools of a vehicle

Key 2.1-3
Read Information sheet 2.1-4 on Use Information sheet 2.1-4 on

Routinely Check up of a Vehicle Routinely Check up of a Vehicle

Key 2.1-4
Read Information sheet 2.1-5 on Use Information sheet 2.1-5 on

LTO/LTFRB Safety Requirements
Perform Job Sheet 2.1-1 on Light Evaluate your Performance using

Vehicle Pre-starting and Warm-up Performance Criteria Checklist

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Information sheet 2.1-1
Parts of Light Vehicle and Its Function
Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the trainee should be able
to:
1. Give the parts of the vehicle and its function.
2. Explain the operation of the speed-control system, and other electrical
and electronic devices.
3. Describe analog and electronic instrument panels, and the operation
of the speedometer and odometer.
I. Vehicle Lightning
A. Lights—the driver uses electric lightning to provide the
illumination or light needed to safely operate the vehicle. The
various lights provide vision and information to the driver,
convenience for passengers, and signals and warnings to
other drivers and pedestrians.
The outside or exterior lights on an automotive include:

1. Two or four headlamps which illuminate the area ahead of
the vehicle.
2. Taillights to show red at the rear of the vehicle.
3. Parking light to mark the front of a parked vehicle, and to
mark the front of the vehicle if a headlamp fails.
4. License light too illuminate the license plate on the rear of
the vehicle.
5. Side-marker lights on the front and rear sides of the vehicle
to indicate its overall length.
6. Turn-signal lights which indicate an intended change in
direction by flashing lights on the side toward which the turn
will be made.
7. Backup lights to illuminate in back of the car when the
transmission is shifted into reverse.
8. Emergency flasher or hazard-warning lights that warn an
approaching driver of the presence of a vehicular hazard by
flashing all turn-signal lights together.
The inside of thee car has a variety of interior lights. These

include:
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1. Instrument-panel lights
2. Warning and indicator lights
3. Courtesy and dome lights—turn on when a door opens.
Courtesy and dome lights are all powered from the fuse
panel. They will operate regardless of the position of thee
ignition key or headlamp switch.
B. Light Bulbs
Lightning is provided by various sizes and types of light

bulbs. When an electric current flows through a fine wire or
filament in the bulb, the filament gets hot and emits visible
light. The bulb may fit into a socket which forms part of a lamp.
The bulb may fit into a socket which forms part of a lamp.
Some bulbs have two filaments. This allows a single bulb
to provide light in two circuits for different purposes. The various
bulbs and lighting circuits usually receive power from the fuse
panel, ignition switch, or headlamp switch.
C. Headlamps
It is the most important lamps for the driver. When switch

on, they provide light ahead of the vehicle. The tungsten
filament turns white-hot when connected to the battery and
gives out light. The light is reflected forward by the curved
reflector. Then the light passes through the lens which arranges
it in a pattern to light the road ahead. The sealed beam
headlamp is replaced as a unit.
Many vehicles have halogen headlamps. These emit a

whiter and brighter light than other sealed-beam lights. The
halogen headlamp has a smaller inner bulb filled with halogen
gas which protects the tungsten filament. The outer case is
airtight or hermetically sealed. The halogen headlamp is
replaced as a unit.

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The most widely used headlamps are made in four sizes,
two round and two rectangular The round sizes are 5.75 (146
mm) and 7 inches (178 mm). The rectangular sizes are 6.5 by 4
inches (165 by 100 mm) and 7.9 by 5.6 inches (200 by 142mm).
All have the number the number 1 or 2 molded into the top of
the lens. Type 1 has one high-beam filament. Type 2 has two
filaments, one for high beam and other for low beam. The letter
H or the word HALOGEN appears on the lens of a halogen
headlamp.
Some cars use smaller rectangular headlamps or

aerodynamically-styled composite headlamps .These are made of
plastic instead of glass and have a replaceable halogen bulb.
The driver selects the beam needed by operating the beam
selector or dimmer switch. It is either on the floor or on the
steering column. Beam selection is made automatically by the
automatic headlamp dimmer system. A defective dimmer switch,
or a corroded or loose dimmer-switch connection, affects both
low-beam and both high-beam filaments. The low beams or high
beams may operate normally. However, the other set of
filaments may be dim or fail to operate.
A vehicle with four headlamps has two type 1 and two
type 2 headlamps. For low- beam driving, one filament in each
type 2 headlamp comes on. On high beam, the other filament in
the type 2 headlamps comes on along with thee single filament
in the type 1 headlamps.
D. Headlamp Switch
The Headlamp Switch controls the operation of the
headlamps and other exterior and interior lights. It connects
directly to the battery and mounts on the instrument panel to
left of the steering wheel. The headlamp switch usually
combines a circuit breaker with a three- position pull switch. It
also includes a rotary switch that operates a variable resistor or
rheostat.
The three positions of the pull switch are OFF, PARK,
and HEADLAMPS. Pulling the knob to the first detent or PARK
position turns on the parking lights, side-marker lights, and
instrumental panel lights. Pulling the knob to the second detent
turns on the headlamps. Clockwise rotation of the knob varies
the instrument-panel lighting from full bright to dim Rotating
the knob fully counterclockwise turns on the dome light and
courtesy lights. Instead of the pull-type headlamp switch, some

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cars have three-position rocker switch and a rotating
thumbwheel on the instrument panel.
E. Automatic Headlamp Controls

The automatic headlamp dimmer automatically switches
the headlamps from high to low beam. This occurs when a light
sensor senses the headlamps of an approaching vehicle or the
tail-lamps of a vehicle overtaken. The light sensor triggers a
relay that switches beams. When the other car has passed, the
system automatically returns the headlamps to high beam. A
sensitivity control can be set by the driver. This adjusts the light
sensor to the surrounding light.
An automatic on-off headlamp control turns the headlamps
on when it gets dark enough to require light for driving. A light
sensor signals the control module when headlamps are needed.
The control then switches the headlamps on. This system also
includes an adjustable time-delay turn-off. The headlamps will
stay on for a short time after the ignition key is turned off. This
is a convenience when exiting the car at night.
F. Turn-Signal Lights
The turn signals permit the driver to signal an intention

to turn right or left. The system includes:
1. A lamp at each front and rear corner of the vehicle.
2. A lever-operated turn-signal switch in the steering
column.
3. A flasher which is an automatic-reset circuit
breaker.
4. Left- and right- turn indicator lights in the
instrument panel.
The turn-signal lever is moved up for right turn and down

for a left turn. The turn-signal switch then completes the
circuits to the proper lamps current flows from the battery
through the flasher to the lamps. In the flasher, the current
passes through a thermostatic blade. The resulting heat causes
the thermostatic blade to bend, opening thee flasher contacts.
The blade quickly cools and contacts close. This produces a
pulsating voltage that causes the turn-signal lights to flash.
After completing the turn, the turn movement the steering
wheel automatically cancels the turn signal. The lever moves
back to its neutral position, opening the circuit.
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A bulb failure or poor ground may cause the turn signals
to work in one direction but not the other. If no flashing occurs
in either direction, check for a blown fuse or defective flasher.
G. Fiber-optic Lighting
Some cars have as many as 80 light bulbs. Each bulb can
burn out and fail. Some components, such as instrument
panels, have many bulbs close together. However, there is
little room behind the instrument panel for the bulbs, their
sockets, and thee connecting wiring. One solution is the use
of printed circuits. Another is the use of fiber-optic cables.
Fiber-optic cables are made of one or more transparent
glass or plastic fibers bundled together parallel to one
another. Each cable formed by the fiber or bundle can
conduct light, even around bends and corners. As light starts
down thee fiber, the light keeps reflecting off the internal
surfaces of the fiber with little loss. When the light comes out
the other end, it is almost as strong as when it entered.
There is what we call a fiber-optic lamp monitor system.
Fiber-optic cables run from the lamps to a lamp monitor on top
of each front fender. When the headlamps are on, the lamp
monitors show that the lights are working. If a bulb burns out,
its monitor also goes out. This warns the driver that the lamp
has failed.
Another way to use fiber-optics is to run cables from a
central light source to various outlets where light is needed.
This allows only one bulb to provide light at many places. A
special arc- discharge bulb provides thee light. It is smaller
and lasts longer than a halogen bulb. Similar to a fluorescent
or neon bulb, there is no filament to burn out. The light
appears at each lamp or outlet only when needed. This
system would prevent the failure of many individual bulbs.
H. Computer Controlled Lighting
In most cars, a separate switch controls each lighting circuit.

However, an electronic-control module or lamp module can
control the complete vehicle lighting system. When the driver
operates any switch that controls a lamp circuit, the switch
sends an input signal to tee lamp module. It then turns the
desired lamps on or off. The lamp module provides the
intermittent operation of the hazard-warning and turn-signal
lights. No flasher is needed.

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In most lighting system a switch supplies voltage to lamps
that are permanently grounded. With computer-controlled
lighting, many circuits operate differently. Voltage is always
supplied and a switch or relay provides the lamp ground. The
various lights switches are grouped on the left side of the
steering column in the left switch pod.
I. Distributed Lighting System

The distributed lighting system is a computer-controlled
lighting system that uses the body control module (BCM) as
the lamp module. The system includes nine-solid-state
switches or output switching modules (OSM), a serial data line
or bus, and the left switch pod. The BCM controls all interior
and exterior lighting through the switching modules. Each
switching module controls four lamp circuits. Three jumpers
divide the power feeds into three groups. This prevents a
module circuit failure from making all rear or all front lights
inoperative.
In addition to controlling and monitoring lamp operation,
the system can substitute some lamps for others that have
failed. The system includes two extra or redundant relays.
They automatically provide power to the headlamp (low beam)
and left tailamp if the BCM or the serial data buss fails.
Problems in the distributed lighting system cause a
LIGHTING FAULT message to display. This also sets a
lighting-system trouble code which is stored in the BCM.
The operation of the distributed lighting system is made
possible by multiplexing. This is the use of one conductor,
such as the serial data bus, to do the job of many wires. A
single main-wiring harness simplifies the electrical system.
Because of multiplexing, it has fewer connectors which
improve reliability.
J. Headlamp Aiming
Headlamps must be aimed correctly so the driver can see

at night and to prevent the blinding of approaching drivers.
One method is the use of an aiming screen. Park the car on a
level floor, 25 feet (7.6 m) from the screen. Then the high
beam and low beam can be checked.
Adjust the headlamps to provide the specified pattern.
There are usually adjusted by turning vertical-aim and
horizontal-aim adjusting screws. An adapter mounts to the
three aiming pads on the headlamp. Some shops have an

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optical aimer. It does not touch the headlamp. When using a
headlamp aimer, follow the manufacturer’s operating
instructions. Headlamp-aiming patterns and adjustment are
in the vehicle service manual.
Some vehicles have aiming devices built into the

headlamp assembly. A bubble level indicates the proper height
(up-and-down) adjustment as the vertical aim adjusting screws
are turned in and out. Other vehicles also have built-in scales
and pointers for horizontal (side-to-side) adjustment.
Caution:
Halogen bulbs and headlamps get very hot. Do not touch
a halogen bulb or lamp while it is on or shortly after it has been
turned-off. Handle the separately-mounted bulb carefully. It
contains gas under pressure. The bulb may shatter if scratched
and dropped. Do not touch the glass envelope. The oil from your
skin may damage it. Keep the bulb out of reach of children.
II. Safety and Signaling

A. Horn and Horn Relay
Most Cars have two horns at the front of the car. Horns
are electrically-operated noise- makers used by the driver to
provide a loud warning signal. Pressing a horn button in the
steering wheel or column grounds thee circuit connecting the
battery to the horn relay. This closes contact points in the relay
and connects the horns—through the relay—to the battery. The
electric current then causes a diaphragm in each horn to
vibrate and produce the sound.
B. Vehicular Security Systems
An anti-theft or security alarm system causes the horn to

sound and the lights to flash if someone tries to break into the
vehicle. There are several different ways to trigger the alarm.
Typically, the driver sets the alarm by operating a switch when
leaving the vehicle. Then opening or forcing the hood, trunk,
tailgate, or any door triggers the alarm.

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Many vehicle security systems include a starter interrupt.
This prevents the starting the engine after any forced entry, even if
the ignition switch is bypassed.
C. Seat Belts
Seat Belts restrain the vehicle occupants if there is an
accident. After entering the car, the driver and passengers each
fasten a lap or lap-and-shoulder belt. The belt then helps hold that
person in the seat during a collision or rollover. Inertia-sensitive
retractors lock the belt in place when an impact occurs.
A passive restraint provides protection without requiring any
action by the driver or passenger. Two types of passive restraints
are air bags and motorized seat belts. These are front-seat shoulder
belts that move into position automatically. After entering the car
and closing the door, the driver turns on the ignition key. The
electric motor then pulls a cable or tape connected to the belt. The
belt travels forward and out of the way when the door opens. In
some cars with an air bag on only the driver’s side, the seatbelt for
the front-seat passenger automatically tightens in a crash. This
provides the passenger with additional protection.
C. Air bags
Air bags are also called supplemental inflatable restraints (SIR).

They are balloon-type devices that inflate automatically to protect
the driver (and front-passenger in some vehicles) if a front-end
crash occurs. The air bag prevents the occupant from being thrown
forward and injured by striking the steering wheel or wind-shield.
The seat belt and air bag together provide maximum protection
against injury in a collision.
.When the ignition key is turned on, the readiness indicator
light should come on for about six seconds. Any other operation of
the light indicates a malfunction. The system is powered directly
from the battery. This allows the air bag to inflate with the ignition
key in any position, including OFF and LOCK.
If a front-end crash occurs, two of the four sensors must
activate to trigger the air bag. This helps prevent a short circuit
in a sensor or wiring from causing an unwanted inflation. When
the sensors detect a collision, an electric spark below the
inflator in the steering hub ignites a small canister of gas . The
gas in turn ignites the propellant (sodium azide) in the inflator.
The burning propellant creates nitrogen gas. This fills the
air bag stored above in the inflator in the steering wheel hub. As
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the bag inflates, it pushes through both the air-cushion
container and the steering wheel trim cover. Deployment time,
from impact to full inflation, is about 50 milliseconds (0.050
second) or less. Some systems include a capacitor that will
trigger the system if the battery or battery cables are damaged
by the impact.
D. Air-Bag Replacement
An air bag inflates only once. Then remove the deployed

air bag and clean the inside of thee vehicle. This is necessary
because of the powder emitted as the air bag deploys. Install a
new air bag module. Follow the air-bag service procedures in
the vehicle service manual.
Caution:
Be careful when working on vehicles with air bags. You
could accidentally trigger thee system. A deploying air bag could
injure you if you are not belted in the normal seated position.
E. Windshield Wipers and Washers
Windshield wipers clean the windshield so the driver can
see clearly while driving in rain or snow. The wiper blades are
moved back and forth by linkage connected to a motor on the
firewall in the engine compartment. A switch on the steering
column or instrument pane connects the motor to the ignition
switch. The motor will run when the ignition key is in the ON or
ACC position.
The windshield-wiper switch has at least two or three
speeds. Many cars have intermittent windshield wipers. These
include an adjustable time delay between blade movements. The
wiper blades will move across and back. Pause, and then repeat
the action.
The windshield washer is a part of the windshield-wiper
system. When the driver presses a button, liquid windshield-
washer fluid squirts on the windshield. This allows the blades to
clean more effectively. Some cars have heated wind-shield
washer nozzles. This prevents ice from clogging the small holes
in cold weather.
The rear window in some cars has a similar wiper-and
washer-system. It works automatically when the windshield
washer operates.
III. Driver Information and Safety

A. Instrument Pane
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The instrument panel contains the indicators—gauges,
lights, and displays— the driver needs to operate the car. These
are usually grouped for easy reading by the driver in an
instrument cluster. Some driver-operated controls mount on the
instrument panel, or above or below it in a console/ these
include the headlamp switch, heating and air-conditioning
controls and the controls of the radio and tape and compact-
disc player.
Automotive instrumentation may take the form of analog
gauges or electronic displays. Analog gauges show thee condition
being monitored by movement of thee pointer on the gauge.
Several analog gauges are group into an analog instrument
cluster. In an electronic cluster, the various readings and
conditions displays a numbers or a bar-graph display. Both
types of the instrument clusters inform the driver of any
conditions including:
1. Vehicle speed
2. Distance traveled
3. Engine temperature
4. Engine oil pressure
5. Battery charge or discharge
6. Amount of fuel in fuel tank.
Some cars have a hybrid instrument cluster .It includes

both analog gauges and electronic displays, along with other
indicating devices and warning lights. This may illuminate a
symbol or a message such as DOOR AJAR or TAIL LAMP OUT.
B. Head-up Display
Images containing driving information are projected onto
the windshield. The information includes displays of vehicle
speed, turn-signal indicators, high-beam indicator, and low-fuel
warning. These images appear suspended in space near the
front bumper. The driver’s eyes do not need to move from the
road or refocus to view this information.
Only certain information from the instrument panel
appears in the head-up display. A warning CHECK GAUGES
messages appearing on the windshield alerts the driver that a
gauge on the instrument panel needs attention. Controls allow
adjustment of the head-up display brightness and vertical
location in the windshield.
C. SPEEDOMETER AND ODOMETER

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A speedometer in the instrument cluster shows the driver
how the fast the vehicle is moving. Many speedometers are
driven from the transmission output shaft by a set of gears.
Thee driven gear fastens to a flexible shaft or speedometer cable.
It runs from the transmission output shaft to the back of the
speedometer head.
Inside the speedometer, the cable turns a shaft with a
small magnetic field produces a varying pull on the metal ring
surrounding the magnet. A pointer attaches to the metal ring.
As magnetic field spins, it causes the ring to overcome a light
spring and swing with the magnetic field. This moves the
pointer which then indicates car speed. The faster the car
speed, the faster the magnet spins, and the farther the pointer
moves.
The odometer records the total distance the vehicle has
traveled. It is a row of numbers, usually located in the
speedometer shaft. Its motion is carried through the gears to the
mileage or kilometer number rings. These turn to show the
distance traveled by the vehicle.
Some vehicles have an electronically-driven speedometer
and odometer. A vehicle-speed sensor (VSS) on the transmission
output shaft sends vehicle speed signals through wiring to the
speedometer. This eliminates the speedometer cable. The speed
signals operate a small electric stepper motor which turns the
odometer number rings. Cars with an electronic instrument
cluster have a digital speedometer and odometer display. When
the key is off, the body control module (BCM) stores the
odometer reading. The odometer reading is not lost when the
battery is disconnected.
D. Speed-Control System
The cruise control or speed-control system helps the

vehicle to automatically maintain a speed selected by the driver.
When set at any speed above about 225 mph [40 kmph], the
driver’s foot can be removed from the accelerator pedal. An
actuator motor, vacuum servo then opens and closes the
throttle, as needed to maintain the speed. However, steep grades
up or down may cause vehicle speed to vary.
Tapping the clutch or brake pedal operates a switch that
disengages the system. Touching the RESUME button or switch
causes the vehicle to return to the former speed setting.
Depressing thee accelerator pedal for passing does not affect the
setting. Depressing the accelerator pedal for passing does not
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affect the setting. When the pedal is released, the system returns
the vehicle to the preset speed. To disengage and turn off the
speed-control system, move the OFF-ON switch to OFF.
E. Networks and Multiplexing
Some cars have several microprocessors which control the
various electronic systems. One way to reduce duplication and
wiring is to have these controllers communicate with each other.
When this happens thee group of interconnected components
and systems becomes a network. For example, a sensor is wired
to one controller. If then shares the information with all other
controllers that require it. The vehicle has fewer sensors, and the
amount of wiring and number of connections is greatly reduced.
F. Other electrical and Electronic Devices

The automobile may contain other electrical and electronic
devices in addition to those already described. These include
power seats, power windows, heated windshield, voice alert
systems, voice command systems, mobile telephones, and
electronic navigation systems. Some of these and other electrical
and electronic devices are described below.
1. Electric seat adjusters are motors under the seat that
operate by push buttons or levers to move the seat forward
and back, or up or down. Some also change the inclination
and shape, or contour, of the seat.
2. The window regulator has a motor in the door that raises or
lowers the window as a switch is operated.
3. The voice alert system uses a computerized voice which says,
“The door is ajar,” “The key is in the ignition lock,” or ‘the
headlamps are on.” These and other messages inform the
driver of conditions that need attention.
4. The voice command system causes the car to respond in
some way to a spoken command. This may be “Tune thee
radio,” “Lower thee window,” or “Dial a phone number.”
There are many other voice-command possibilities. One
includes using a voice command to unlock the car door and
operate the ignition instead of using a key.
5. The keyless entry system has a panel of buttons on the
driver-side door. To unlock the door, the buttons must be
pressed in the proper order. This code takes the place of the
key.

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Some keyless entry systems can also be operated from up to
33 feet [10 m] by a small hand-held transmitter. Pushing a
button on the transmitter will lock all doors, unlock all
doors, or open the trunk. Another button— the PANIC
button- acts as a theft deterrent or anti-theft device.
Pushing the panic button with the ignition of activates the
horn and flashes the headlamps.
6. Electronic navigation systems display a map on the
instrument panel which shows the location of the vehicle on
the road. The location point moves on the map as the vehicle
travels on the highway. It also shows the route to the
destination. In some systems, a satellite orbiting in space—
22,000 miles [35,400] above the earth—pinpoints vehicle
location.
7. Radar braking uses radar to sense how fast a vehicle is
closing on the vehicle ahead. The brakes apply automatically
to slow the vehicle if necessary to maintain a safe distance.
Someday radar braking may be combined with throttle
control into intelligent cruise control. This could keep traffic
moving at a preset speed while radar braking maintains safe
intervals between vehicles.

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Self-Check 2.1-1
A. Multiple Choices
Instruction: Choose the letter that correspond the correct answers.
1. ________are electrically-operated noise- makers used by the driver to

provide a loud warning signal.
a. Turn-signal lights c. Windshield wipers
b. Seat Belts d. Horns
2. ____s restrain the vehicle occupants if there is an accident.

3. _______are balloon-type devices that inflate automatically to protect the

driver (and front-passenger in some vehicles) if a front-end crash occurs.
b. Seat Belts d. Air Bags
4. ______ clean the windshield so the driver can see clearly while driving in
rain or snow.
a. Turn-signal lights c. Horns
b. Seat Belts d. Windshield wipers
5. _____ which indicate an intended change in direction by flashing lights on

the side toward which the turn will be made.

b. Seat Belts d. Seat Belts

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Answer Key 2.1-1
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. A

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HAND TOOLS
Hand tools
Automotive service work requires a great variety of tools. The proper
tools properly used enable to do a job with safety, speed, and efficiency.
This information sheet covers hand tools. Your hand supplies the
energy to use them. They include striking, turning, gripping, and cutting
tools. They also include tube bending and flaring tools.
A. Striking tools
1. Hammers— a hammer is a hand tool used for striking. The ball-
peen hammer is the one used most in the shop. Grip thee
hammer on the end of the handle. Swing it so the hammer face
strikes the object or surface squarely. Avoid hitting the object at
an angle. Use rawhide, plastic, brass, and rubber hammers to
strike easily marred surfaces. A dead blow hammer has a hollow
head partially filled with small metal shot. This recess
rebounding.
B. Turning Tools
1. Screwdrivers—Use the proper screwdriver to drive or turn
screw. Screwdrivers are made in a variety of sizes, shapes, and
special purpose designs. The most common type has a single
flat blade for driving screws with slotted heads There are also
Torx-head and Phillips-head screws.
Always select a screw driver of the proper types and size for the
job. When using a single-blade screwdriver, the blade should
completely fill the screw slot. This helps prevent damage to the
screw head.
2. Wrenches—long-handled tool with fixed or adjustable jaws. You
use a wrench to turn bolts, nuts, and screws To work on both
USC, and metric fasteners, you need both USC and metric
wrenches. A 3/8- to 1-inch USC set and a 6- to 119-mm metric
set will handle most jobs. You need these sizes in sets of open-
end, box, and combination wrenches.
a. Open-end wrench— usually has a jaw opening at a 15
degree angle to a handle.Turn the bolt or nut as far as the
space permits. Then flip the wrench over for further turning
of the fastener.

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An open-end wrench has a different size on each end. Make
sure the wrench fits snugly against the flats. These are the
sides of a nut or bolt head. A loose fit may break or spring
the jaws of the wrench. Springing jaws spread apart and
round off the corners of the hex. This makes use of the
proper wrench more difficult.
Careful:
Never use an open-end wrench to final-tighten a fastener or
to free a frozen fastener. The jaws may spread enough to
allow thee wrench to slip. Use a box wrench or a socket
wrench for these jobs.
b. Box-wrench—opening surrounds or “boxes in” the nut or
bolt head. An advantage is that the box will seldom slip off.
However, you must lift the box wrench completely off and
then place it back on for each swing. The wrench-head is
thin for use in tight places. The head usually sets at a 15-
degree angle to the body. This provides hand clearance for
swinging the wrench.
The most common box wrench has 12 notches or “points” in
the head. This allows turning the fastener if the wrench can
swing 30 degrees. A six-point box wrench holds better on a
nut or bolt but needs a greater swing. The box wrench has
different size openings on each end.
c. Combination wrench— has a box on one end and an open
end on the other. The two ends are usually the same size.
The box end is more convenient for breaking loose or final
tightening a nut or bolt. But you must lift the box completely
free after each swing. The open end is more likely to slip off.
However, once the fastener is loose, the open end can turn it
faster.
d. Flare-nut wrench— is a special type of combination or box
end wrench. It is used to attach or loosen a flare nut or
tubing nut. The ends of the flare-nut wrench are thicker than
on the wrenches. This helps prevent slipping and rounding
off the points on soft-metal tube fittings. The six-point box
end has one of the flats cut out .The opening is large enough
to slip over the tube.
Careful:
Do not turn the flare nut without holding coupling nut. This
will usually twist and break the metal tube.ee.

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e. Adjustable wrench— an adjustable wrench (has a movable
jaw that you adjust the fit nuts and bolt heads of various
sizes. Tighten thee jaws against the flats of the nut or bolt
before applying a turning force. Adjustable wrenches are
normally used only when applying relatively light torque.
They are not always a strong as fixed jaw wrenches and may
be damaged if excessive torque is applied.
f. Socket wrenches—the most widely used tools. They are like
box wrenches except that the head or socket is detachable
from the handle. You assemble the socket wrench you need
from the socket set in your toolbox
1. SOCKET. The 12-point socket allows you to turn a
bolt or nut in tight spots. However, if a bolt head or
nut has rounded corners or excessive resistance to
turning, thee 120point socket may slip. Use a six point
socket for these. The eight point socket is for turning
square heads. These include drain plugs, fill plugs,
and pipe plugs.
Deep sockets reach nuts on bolts or studs that are too
long for the standard socket to reach. You remove and
install spark plugs with a spark-plug socket. This is a
six-point deep socket with a rubber insert. Thee insert
holds the plug to prevent it from falling out of the
socket.
2. HANDLES. Figure 7-8 shows several handles. The
ratchet handle has a mechanism that permits free
motion in one direction but lockup in the other. You
select the direction for lockup by moving the reversing
lever Extensions of various lengths provide access to
hard-to-reach bolts or nuts. The universal joint allows
you to turn a nut or bolt while holding the driver at an
angle. Adapters allow you to use a driver with a socket
having a different drive size. Also, various kinds and
sizes of screw drivers, Torx drives, Allen wrenches, and
flare- nut wrenches will fit the drivers and adapters.
NOTE:
To work on variety of domestic and imported cars, you
need both USC and metric socket sets.
g. Torque wrench— Is basically a special handle for a socket.
An indicator on the torque wrench measures the torque or
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twisting force. This is the amount of force applied to a nut or
bolt while tightening it. Vehicle service manuals give the
torque specification might be to tighten a bolt to “20 lb-ft.”
this means to apply a 20 pound pull at a distance of 1 foot
from the bolt.
Dirty or damaged threads put a drag on the threads as the

bolt or nut is tightened. This gives a false reading on the
torque wrench. It can also result in not enough tightening.
Many torque wrenches read in pound-feet 9lb-ft). some read

in pound-inches (lb-in). Use these where you need to
accurately apply a small torque. Twelve pound-inches equals
one-pound-foot.
The scale on metric torque wrenches is in kilogram-meters
(kg-m), kilogram-centimeters (kg-cm), or newton-meters (n-
m). Newton- meters is the preferred unit. To convert from
USC to newton-meters, multiply pound-feet by 1.35.
h. Torque-Angle Gauge—Tighten torque-to-yield bolts to an
initial torque with a torque wrench. Then final-tighten the
bolts by turning them through a specified angle with a socket
wrench.
You can easily see a 90-degree turning angle by watching
how a ratchet-handle or breaker-bar moves. For other
angles, use a torque-angle gauge. It accurately measures the
turning angle in degrees. The gauge attaches to the socket
driver. The socket attaches to the gauge. As the handle
turns, the degree indicator remains the greatest angle
reached.
C. Gripping tools
1. Pliers—Pliers are hand tools with a pair of adjustable pivoted
jaws for cutting or gripping .There are many styles and sizes of
pliers. Combination slip-joint pliers may have cutting edges at
the back of the jaws for wire cutting. Tongue-and-groove or
groove-and-land pliers such as Channellock pliers have the
tongues or lands to different grooves changes the distance the
jaws can open. The jaws remain parallel at any setting.
Locking pliers such as Vise-Grip pliers (Figure 7-13) have

locking jaws. This makes them useful as pliers, wrenches,
clamps, and small vises. Look the jaws by turning a screw in
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the end of the handle. This adjusts the size of the opening.
Closing the handles then locks the jaws into place. To release
the jaws, pull the release lever.
Careful:
Never use gripping pliers on hardened steel surfaces. This
dulls the pliers’ teeth. Never use pliers on nuts or bolt heads.
The pliers may slip and round off the edges of the hex. Then a
wrench or socket will not fit on the fastener properly.
2. Pullers—remove parts assembled with an interference fit. This
includes removing gears and hubs from shafts, and bushings
from bores or cylinder liner from engine blocks.
A puller set has many pieces that can fit together to form the
puller needed for the job. There are three basic types of pullers.
D. Cutting Tools
Cutting tools remove metal. They include chisels, hacksaws, files,
punches. Drills, taps, and dies are also cutting tools. Power cutting
tools include grinders, hones, lathes, and boring machine.
1. Chisels— The chisel is a cutting tool with a single cutting
edge. There are various sizes and shapes of chisels. Striking
the chisel with a hammer makes the chisel cut metal.Hold
the chisel with one hand and the hammer in the other. Hit
the end of the chisel squarely.. Holding the chisel in a chisel
holder or smooth-jaw locking pliers will protect your hand.
Caution:
Always wear eye protection when using a chisel.
Never use a chisel with a mushroomed head. When the
hammer strikes the head, a piece could fly off. The flying
metal could cut you or injure an unprotected eye.
2. Hacksaw—is basically an adjustable metal frame that holds
a steel saw blade .The blade is replaceable and has from14 to
32 teeth per inch. Cutting occurs on the forward stroke as
you push the blade across the metal. The teeth act like tiny
chisels and cut off fine shavings or chips.
Use a long steady forward stroke. Apply enough downward

force so the teeth cut rather than slide. Lift the down force
on the return stroke. This helps prevent dulling the teeth. A
light drag may help clear chips from the teeth.

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Select a blade with the proper number teeth per inch for the
job. The teeth must be close enough so at least two teeth are
cutting. Teeth that are too close together clog and stop
cutting. The hacksaw blade for general cutting has 18 teeth
per inch.
3. Files— are used for cutting and shaping metal. They have
many cutting edges or teeth.
When the cuts are far apart, there are only a few per inch.
This is rough- or coarse-cut file. When the cuts are close
together, the file is a smooth or dead-smooth file. A single-cut
file has a series of sharp blades. A double-cut file has a
second series cut at an angle to the first. This creates a
series of sharp teeth. Various sizes and cuts of round, half-
round, flat, and triangular files are used during automotive
service work.
Always use a handle with a file. Tapping the end of the
handle on the bench tightens the file in the handle. Keep the
file teeth clean with a file card. It has short stiff-wire
bristles that remove chips and dirt from the teeth.
4. Punches—are used to knock out rivets and pins
They also align parts for the assembly. To remove a

rivet, grind off the rivet head. Or cut it off with a chisel.
Mark spots where holes are to be drilled with a
center punch. The punch mark keeps the drill bit
centered as it starts cutting You can use the center punch
to mark parts before they are disassembled. Align the
punch marks to reassemble the parts in the same
position.
5. Twist drills (Drill bits)— are tools for making holes. The
material being drilled determines the preferred shape of the
cutting edges that form the point. The grooves along the body
carry the chips out of the hole. A hand-held air or electric
drill motor, or a drill press, drives the drill bit.
6. Taps and Dies— tap-and-die sets are for cutting USC and
metric threads. Taps cut inside the threads.
To tap a hole, determine the thread size needed.

Refer to a tap drill chart and select the size of drill bit
required. The hole made by the specified tap drill will be
the proper diameter for tapping.
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Dies cut outside threads on rods diestock holds the
die. Chamfer or bevel the rod end so the die starts easily.
The basic procedure is the same for both taps and dies.
Apply cutting the lubricant to the surface. Then begin
thread cutting. After every two turns, back off the tap or
die and apply more lubricant.

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Self Check 2.1-2
Multiple Choices
Instruction: Choose the letter that correspond the correct answer.
1. ___are long-handled tool with fixed or adjustable jaws.

a. screw driver c. Hammer
b. Wrenches d. Pliers
2. _____ is a hand tool used for striking.

a. Hammer c. screw driver
3. Use the proper ____ to drive or turn screw.

4. ____are hand tools with a pair of adjustable pivoted jaws for cutting or
gripping
a. Pliers c. Hammer
b. Wrenches d. screw driver
5. _______ are used to knock out rivets and pins.

a. Punches c. Hammer

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Answer Key 2.1-2
1.B
2.A
3.A
4.A
5.A

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Information Sheet 2.1-3
Light vehicle with Some Safety Harness/ Devices/ Tools of a
Vehicle
Objectives: After reading the information sheet, the trainee should be

able to:
1. Enumerate Examples of Light Vehicle
2. Give some safety harness/devices/tools of a vehicle
A. Light vehicle
1. Private car
2. Owner type Jeepney
3. Taxicab
4. Public Utility Jeepney
B. Some Safety Harness/ devices/ tools of a vehicle
1. Seat belt— a strong strap or harness designed to keep the wearer

securely in a seat in a vehicle or aircraft
2. Early Warning device— advance notice that something, especially

something dangerous or threatening, is going to happen.
 E.W.D orange must be set in front the vehicle at least 5
meter away
 E.W.D red must be set at the back of the vehicle at least 5
meter away
3. Hand tools
a. Wrench— a hand or power tool with fixed or movable jaws, used

to seize, turn, or twist objects such as nuts and bolts
b. Pliers—a hand tool with two hinged arms ending in jaws that
are closed by hand pressure to grip something
c. Screwdrivers—a tool for driving screws that consists of a
handle or power tool with a metal rod shaped at the tip to fit
into the head of a screw
d. Early warning Device
e. Jack—a portable device that uses a mechanical or hydraulic
lifting system to raise heavy objects, especially cars, a short
distance
f. Spare tires—rubber edging for wheel kept in case of emergency.
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4. Flashlights— emergency lighting device
5. Consumable Materials and spare parts such as”
a. Rags—a small piece or scrap of usually old or unwanted cloth
used for cleaning, polishing, or applying liquid substances
b. Fan Belt—a continuous belt that turns a fan, especially one
turning the cooling fan in the engine of a motor vehicle
c. Wheel cap—a wheel in a vehicle that is connected by way of the
steering column to the steering gear and is turned to change
direction
d. Fuse—an electrical safety device containing a piece of a metal
that melts if the current running through it exceeds a particular
level, thereby breaking the circuit
e. Electrical Tape
f. Brake Fluid—a liquid or gas put in brake
g. Motor oil—oil put in the engine

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Self Check 2.1-3
Enumeration
Instruction: Enumerate the following.
A. Light vehicle

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Answer Key 2.1-3
Model Answer
A. Light vehicle
1. Private car
2. Owner type Jeepney
3. Taxicab
4. Public Utility Jeepney
1. Seat belt— a strong strap or harness designed to keep the wearer

securely in a seat in a vehicle or aircraft
2. Early Warning device— advance notice that something, especially

something dangerous or threatening, is going to happen.
 E.W.D orange must be set in front the vehicle at least 5
meter away
 E.W.D red must be set at the back of the vehicle at least 5
meter away
3. Hand tools
a. Wrench— a hand or power tool with fixed or movable jaws, used

to seize, turn, or twist objects such as nuts and bolts
b. Pliers—a hand tool with two hinged arms ending in jaws that
are closed by hand pressure to grip something
c. Screwdrivers—a tool for driving screws that consists of a
handle or power tool with a metal rod shaped at the tip to fit
into the head of a screw
d. Early warning Device
e. Jack—a portable device that uses a mechanical or hydraulic
lifting system to raise heavy objects, especially cars, a short
distance
f. Spare tires—rubber edging for wheel kept in case of emergency.
4. Flashlights— emergency lighting device
5. Consumable Materials and spare parts such as”
a. Rags—a small piece or scrap of usually old or unwanted cloth
used for cleaning, polishing, or applying liquid substances
b. Fan Belt—a continuous belt that turns a fan, especially one
turning the cooling fan in the engine of a motor vehicle

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c. Wheel cap—a wheel in a vehicle that is connected by way of the
steering column to the steering gear and is turned to change
direction
d. Fuse—an electrical safety device containing a piece of a metal
that melts if the current running through it exceeds a particular
level, thereby breaking the circuit
e. Electrical Tape
f. Brake Fluid—a liquid or gas put in brake
g. Motor oil—oil put in the engine

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Routinely Checks on Vehicle Component (BLOWAF}
Objective: After reading the information, the trainee should be able to

perform routinely checks on vehicle component (BLOWAF}.
Routinely Checks on Vehicle Component (BLOWAF}
B -Battery - The car’s source of electrical energy. It supplies direct current

to the electrical Components An electro chemical device for storing energy in
chemical form so that it can be released as electricity for cranking the
engine and powering the electrical load
The following must be checked
a. Clamps and cables
b. Battery solution
c. Cracks
d. Under charge
e. Terminal corrosion
f. Sulfation

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L- Light-The lighting system of a vehicle inside and outside of the car is
either automatic or manually operated or switch by the driver.
a. Headlight – the main lighting system of a vehicle
b. Signal light-use to indicate right turn or left turn
c. Stop light- use to indicate slow down or stopping
d. Back up light- use to indicate vehicle backing up
e. High beam indicator- use to indicate high beam of headlight
f. Horn
g. Fuses and relays
h. Wires and cables
i. switches
O –Oil- Is to prevent friction between moving parts of the engine by

supplying an adequate amount of oil.
Tasks
 To cool the engine components
 To provide seal between sliding contact components
 To clean internal parts of the engine
 Motor oil,gear oil, and A.T.F
W- Water -Is place in the radiator where cooling takes place.

A. Cooling System Flush
Overheating in engines is often caused by a poorly performing cooling
system. This can lead to a lack of performance or worse, the potential failure
of your engine and transmission resulting in expensive repair bills.
Our Cooling System Flush is designed to safely break down and remove rust
and scale deposits from the cooling system. This specialty service then
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replaces up to 95% of the old coolant and refills the system with quality,
long life fluid.
Specialty conditioning treatment is added to help maintain the cooling
system in optimum condition.
KEY ITEMS:
o Check radiator for damage or leaks

o Check hoses and thermostat operation
o Drain and flush cooling system
o Refill radiator with coolant and conditioner
o Pressure test cooling system and test for leak
A-Air
Air, mixture of gases that composes the atmosphere surrounding
Earth. Air is the life sustaining of vehicle tire and must always be checked
before running the vehicle.
The following must be cheked
a. Tire pressure
Tire Service
Why is it important?
Tires may wear differently depending on their position on the vehicle, your
driving style and the condition of your suspension. Regularly rotating your
tires can evenly distribute their wear—helping you get the most miles out of
your tires while maximizing traction on all four wheels.
What is the service?
Changing the position of the tires on your vehicle is according to your
vehicle and tire manufacturers’ recommended rotation pattern.
Benefit to you:
Tire Rotation Service – Helps maximize the life span of your tires.
F-Fuel
Vehicle fuel
Gas engine - for engine with sparkplug
Diesel engine- for vehicle without sparkplug
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Self-Check 2.1-4
A. True or False
Instruction: Write T if the statement is correct and f if the statement
is False.
1. Overheating in engines is often caused by a poorly performing
cooling system.
2. It is highly recommended to check your oil twice a month.
3. The lighting system of a vehicle inside and outside of the car is
either automatic or manually operated or switch by the driver.
4. Changing the position of the tires on your vehicle is according to
your vehicle and tire manufacturers’ recommended rotation
pattern.
5. Air is the life sustaining of vehicle tire and must always be
checked before running the vehicle.
B. Enumeration
1. Vehicle components routinely to be checked
2. Components must be checked on the Battery
3. Components must be checked on Light

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Answer Key 2.1-1
A. True or False
1. T
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. T
B. Enumeration
1. Vehicle components routinely to be checked
B—Battery
L—Light
O—Oil
W—Water
A—Air
F—Fuel
2. Components must be checked on the Battery
a. Clamps and cables
b. Battery solution
c. Cracks
d. Under charge
e. Terminal corrosion
f. Sulfattion
3. Components must be checked on Light

a. Headlight Signal light
b. Stop light
c. Back up light
d. High beam indicator
e. Horn
f. Fuses and relays
g. Wires and cables
h. switches

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Joycelyn M. Tolvo
INFORMATION SHEET# 2.1-5
Learning objectives; After reading this information sheet the trainees
are expected to identify the different LTO/ LTFRB requirements
LTO/LTFRB safety requirements

DRIVING PERMIT AND OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENT
INTRODUCTION:
Driving a motor vehicle in the Philippines as in other countries
is NOT a right but a privilege. This privilege is granted by the Philippines
Government through the Land Transportation Office based on the Republic
Act no. 4136 and Batas Pambansa No. 398.
A driver is license by the Land Transportation Office as proof of his
proficiency in driving and his knowledge of road rules and regulations a
while operating a motor vehicle. Upon proving this proficiency and
knowledge he will be issued a document in the form of either of these
following licenses:
I LICENSE
STUDENT Permit- must be accompanied by a professional driver
holder
Age qualification – 16 yrs old and above
Validity – 12 months
Non – professional
Renewal or validity – every three years
PROFESSIONAL
Age qualification- 18 yrs old and above but not exceeding
60 years old
Code
1-Motorcycle
2-Light vehicle (4,500 kegs.)
3-More than 4,500 kegs. Vehicle
4-Automatic Transmission vehicle

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INTERNATIONAL LICENCE
License given to driver who operate a moving vehicle outside
the country
DRIVER’S EXAMINATIONS
Driver’s examination will be given by the LTO in compliance with
Republic Act 4136 and Batas Pambansa No. 398.
Written examination will contain questions concerning driving
procedure, road rules and regulations, emergency procedures etc. Number
of questions will be as follows:
1. Non-professional license – 30 out 40 questions
2. Professional license - 45 out of 60 questions
II REGISTRATION:
An official receipt/ document issued to the owner of a certain

vehicle. It is accompanied by sticker, showing the current year of
registration and it is being place on a plate of vehicle.
Example:
UBY384
4- MONTHS
8- WEEKS
CODE: 123 – 1st week
456- 2nd week
78 – 3rd week
9 & 0- 4th week
SEC.6 application and payments for registration- shall be made
personally or by registered mail, and the date of cancellation of the postage
stamp of envelope containing money order or check shall be taken as the
date of the application and/or payment for registration. Provided that the

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application is properly prepared and the payment for registration is
sufficient as required by law.
SEC.7 Registration qualification- the qualification of vehicle shall be:
 PRIVATE- Motor vehicles registered under this classification shall not
be use for hire under any circumstances. White background and
green mark.
 FOR HIRE- Motor vehicles registered for public convenience, or
special permits issued by the Board of Transportation and shall be
subject the provision Of Public Service act and the rules and
regulations issued there under, as well as the provision of this act.
Yellow background and black mark
 GOVERNMENT- Motor vehicles owned by government of the
Philippines or any of its political subdivisions shall be registered.
White background and red mark
 DIPLOMAT- Motor vehicles owned by foreign governments or by their
duly accredited diplomatic officers in the Philippines and used in the
discharge of their official duties.
RENEWAL OF MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION:

 Original Copy Of Registration Office
 Original copy of current official receipt of payment
 Insurance certificate cover
 Actual inspection of Motor Vehicle and duly accomplished MVIR
(Stencils of motor and chassis number must be done of space
provided for)
 Smoke test result
III PERTINENT DOCUMENTS

a. certification of registration (cr)
b. deed of sale
c. certificate of ownership
d. mv official receipt (or
IV EARLY WARNINGS DEVICE – use as warning sign in the road of

vehicle has problem. The shape is like a triangle and rectangle consist of two
pieces. One red and other is yellow

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V. DRIVER’S OUTFIT/ATTIRE
PUJ / PUB – Blue polo, long pants and shoes
TAXI – White polo, long pants and shoes
PRIVATE – T-shirt/polo, long pants and shoes

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Self-Check 2.1-5
Filling the blanks
Instruction: Select the correct answer
1. How long is the validity of a student permit?
a.12 months b.6months c.5 months d.3months
2. What is the requirement for an applicant who wants to be issued a
student permit?
a. 16 years old and above
b. Mentally and physically fit
c. He / she must pass the road test
d. He / she can read and write
3. Which of the following is the registration month for cars with plate
number ending 6?
a. March
b. June
c. August
d. October
4. What do you call an official receipt issued to the owner accompanied by

sticker of a certain vehicle?
a. Deed of sale
b. Registration
c. Certificate of ownership
d. Plate number receipt
5. An ideal driver is
a. Always clean a seatbelt

b. Keeps within the advisory limit
c. Constantly scan the road for potential hazard
d. All of these
.6. Which of the following is the registration month for cars with plate
number ending 6?
a. March b. June c. August ` d. October

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7. Which of the following require salary wage while driving?
A professional b.non professional c. student d. international
8. Which agency approves granting of commemorative plate?

a. Office of the president b.LTO c. MMDA d. LTFRB

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Answer Key 2.1-5
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. A.
8. A

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Job Sheet 2.1-1
Title Light Vehicle Pre-Starting and Warm-Up
Objective After performing the Job Sheet, the trainee should be

able to Perform Light Vehicle Pre-starting and warm-Up.
Condition
The trainee should be able to observe OHS.
Hand Tools
Tools/Materials Car
Safety harness/ devices/tools
Procedure 1.Perform Vehicle Inspection (BLOWAF)

a. the transmission to neutral
b. drivers sit accordingly/properly
b. steering column accordingly
c. wiper
d. side mirrors
2. Check Safety harness/ devices/tools
3. Pre-Starting of Vehicle
a. insert ignition key to ON
b. switch ignition key to ST
c. slightly press accelerator
4. warm up the engine for at least 2 to 3 minutes
5. observe the following while warming up the vehicle
a. ammeter
b. oil pressure gauge
 c. water temperature gauge

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Performance
Assessment Performance Criteria Checklist
Method
Performance Criteria Checklist 2.1-1
Criteria Yes No
Did the trainee…
Perform Vehicle Inspection as per
manufacturer’s specification.
Check Safety harness/devices and tools
according to the land transportation office
(LTO)/ land transportation franchising and
regulatory board (LTFRB) requirements.
Perform Warm up of light vehicle as per

manufacturer’s manual.
Perform OHS?
Perform 5’s

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LEARNING OUTCOME #2 Drive Light Vehicle
CONTENTS  Traffic rules and regulations
 Driving hazards
 Stress Management when Driving a
Vehicle
 Fatigue Management Techniques
 Defensive Driving
 Use of Steering wheel, clutch, Gas and
brake Pedal
 Driving Light Vehicle
 Moving the Vehicle
 Using hand Brake, Front and rear Mirror
 Parking and Shutting down of vehicle
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA  Light vehicle is driven in accordance with
traffic rules and regulations and
manufacturer’s instruction.
 Driving hazards are identified and/or
anticipated and avoided or controlled
through defensive driving as per standard
operating procedures.
 The light vehicle is parked, shut down
and secured in accordance with
manufacturer’s specifications, traffic
regulations and workplace procedures.
 Passengers and loads are transported up
to the route assigned and fares are
collected as per LTFRB regulations.
 Driving is performed according to the
restriction and condition stated in the
official receipt license and within the
occupational health and safety standards
(OHS).
 Out-of line/ anti-car napping clearance
permit is secured as per traffic rules and
regulations.

Edition; ERJAVEC
ERJAVEC
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Crouse: Anglin
following:
Equipment
Computer
LCD
Whiteboard
CD
Tapes
Request form
Modules
 Demonstration

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Learning Outcome No. 2 Drive Light Vehicle
Read Information Sheet 2.2-1 on Traffic Use Information Sheet 2.2-1 on Traffic Rules
Rules and Regulations and Regulations
Answer Self-Check 2.2-1 Check your answers using answer key 2.2-1
Read Information Sheet 2.2-2 on Driving Use Information Sheet 2.2-2 on Driving
Hazards Hazards
Read Information Sheet 2.2-3 on Stress Use Information Sheet 2.2-3 on Stress
Management when Driving a Vehicle Management when Driving a Vehicle
Read Information Sheet 2.2-4 on Fatigue Use Information Sheet 2.2-4 on Fatigue
Management Techniques Management Techniques
Read Information Sheet 2.2-5 on Defensive Use Information Sheet 2.2-5 on Defensive
Driving Driving
Read Information Sheet 2.2-6 on Use of Use Information Sheet 2.2-6 on Use of
Steering wheel, clutch, Gas and brake Pedal Steering wheel, clutch, Gas and brake Pedal
Answer Self-Check 2.2-6 Check your answers using Answer key 2.2-6
Perform Job Sheet 2.2-1 on Driving Light Evaluate your performance using
Vehicle Performance Criteria Checklist
Evaluate your performance using Evaluate your performance using

Performance Criteria Checklist Performance Criteria Checklist
Read Information Sheet 2.2-7 on Using Use Information Sheet 2.2-7 on Using hand
hand Brake, Front and rear Mirror Brake, Front and rear Mirror
Answer self-Check 2.2-7 Check your answers using answer key 2.2-
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Perform Job Sheet 2.2-3 on Using hand Evaluate your performance using
Brake, Front and rear Mirror Performance Criteria Checklist
Perform Job Sheet 2.2-4 on Parking and Evaluate your performance using
Shutting down of vehicle Performance Criteria Checklist

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TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATION

are expected to identify/follow traffic rules and regulation
TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATION
TRAFFIC AUTHORITIES AND TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS
A. TRAFFIC AUTHORITIES
 MMDA
 TMG
 LTO
 DEPUTIZED OFFICER
 TRAFFIC POLICEMAN
B. TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS
 Operating a motor vehicle recklessly or without reasonable caution.
 Cutting in and out of the traffic lanes
 Cutting corner of blind curve
 Making U-turn on the approach or on top of a bridge or elsewhere
but not street intersection
 Overtaking or passing on curves, at intersections and approaches
of bridges, hills and along places where overtaking is prohibited.
 Coming out of side streets or driveways without precautions.
 Racing on road streets.
 Failure to stop on entering a “Thru Stop Street”.
 Failure to consider proper clearance when overtaking
 Failure to observe the rule of “right of way” at highway intersection.
 a motor vehicle Driving on the wrong side of the street.
 Backing against the flow of traffic
 Turning from wrong lane
 Improper start from parked positioning
 Speeding or fast driving
 Entering a DO NOT ENTER street
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 Disregarding No Left Turn sign
 Passing thru red light
 Allowing passenger in excess of the seating capacity of the front
seat
 Obstructing or impending free passage of other vehicles
 Loading or unloading passengers within prohibited zone.
 Failure to carry registration certificate and official receipt of
payment for current year.
 Driving emitting excessive smoke.
TRAFFIC SIGNS AND ROAD MARKERS
ROAD SIGNS provide a very important role in traffic road rules and
regulations, their enforcement and control. Drivers must have the ability to
understand, interpret and obey road signs correctly and properly.
CATEGORIES OF ROAD/ TRAFFIC SIGNS
1. CAUTION SIGNS – use to convey messages that certain road

conditions exist on a certain stretch of the road or on street
requiring the driver to be more attentive and be prepared for such
conditions. It is also use to convey the fact that if this precaution is
not taken life and property may be endangered.
These signs are usually triangular in shape and have a red colored
border.
2. INSTRUCTIONS SIGNS – these signs require the driver not only to

be more attentive as in caution sign but require the driver to
ACTUALLY PERFORM OR NOT PERFORM.
Example: STOP, DO NOT ENTER, NO U TURN etc... Non – compliance

means that life and property will definitely endangered.
3. DIRECTION SIGNS – these signs are modified signs which are

actually gives SPECIAL OR DIRECTIONAL INSTRUCTIONS for the
driver to take.
4. INFORMATION SIGNS – these signs are designed to provide the
driver with information that he may or may NOT use but will assist
him in one way or another.

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DRIVING PERMIT AND OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENT
INTRODUCTION:
Driving a motor vehicle in the Philippines as in other countries
is NOT a right but a privilege. This privilege is granted by the Philippines
Government through the Land Transportation Office based on the Republic
Act no. 4136 and Batas Pambansa No. 398.
A driver is license by the Land Transportation Office as proof of his
proficiency in driving and his knowledge of road rules and regulations a
while operating a motor vehicle. Upon proving this proficiency and
knowledge he will be issued a document in the form of either of these
following licenses:
I LICENSE
STUDENT Permit-
Validity – 12 months
Non – professional
PROFESSIONAL
Age qualification- 18 yrs old and above
Code
1-Motorcycle
2-Light vehicle (4,500 kegs.)
3-More than 4,500 kegs. Vehicle
4-Automatic Transmission vehicle
RENEWAL OF MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION:

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 Original Copy Of Registration Office
 Original copy of current official receipt of payment
 Insurance certificate cover
 Actual inspection of Motor Vehicle and duly accomplished MVIR
(Stencils of motor and chassis number must be done of space
provided for)
 Smoke test result
III PERTINENT DOCUMENTS

e. certification of registration (cr)
f. deed of sale
g. certificate of ownership
h. mv official receipt (or)
IV EARLY WARNINGS DEVICE – use as warning sign in the road of

vehicle has problem. The shape is like a triangle and rectangle consist of two
pieces. One red and other is yellow.
DRIVER’S OUTFIT/ATTIRE
PUJ / PUB – Blue polo, long pants and shoes
TAXI – White polo, long pants and shoes
PRIVATE – T-shirt/polo, long
Rules of the Road

a. Light traffic urban/semi urban driving
b. Negotiating traffic lights.
c. Gear changing
d. Stop and go (using handbrake)
e. 90% angle park
2. Obey Speed Limits. It is better to drive at 40 and live at 80 than drive

at 80 and live at 40.
Different road had different speed limits and different lanes require
different speed.
Car/MC TRK/Bus
a. Open country roads with no blind corners
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not closely bordered by habitations. 80 kph 50
kph
b. On “ Through Streets” or Boulevards

clear of traffic with no blind corners. 40 30
c. City and Municipal Streets with light traffic

and not designated through streets. 30 30
d. Through crowded streets approaching

intersections, blind corners, school zone,
passing stop vehicle. 20 20
3. Know and obey traffic signs and pavement markings, white and yellow
lines on the road in whole or broken form as well as traffic lights and
signs.
4. Respect the rights of other of other motorists. Be ready to yield the

right way to him.
5. Yield the right way to pedestrian at crosswalk. Do not pass a car that
has stopped to permit pedestrians to walk.
6. Observe “Stop” signs. Carefully observe stop and go signals.
7. Slow down and exercise special care on cross roads, crossing, curves,
hills, zigzag and bridges.
8. Overtake other cars of the left lane of a 2 lanes road, on the center
lane of a 3 lane road. Be sure the road up ahead is clear when
overtaking.
9. Do not increase speed when other car wants to pass you.

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10. Always drive with traffic stream. Test you self, if too many cars
overtake you, you are driving too slow, if you pass many cars, you are
driving too fast.
11. Follow other cars at a safe distance. Allow at least one car
length interval for every 15 km. speed. If your speed is 30 km per
hour, your distance from the vehicle in front of should be 2 cars or 12
meters etc. In short we should always keep our distance from the
vehicle we are following. As we increase our speed our distance to the
vehicle to the vehicle we are following should be wider.
12. Stay on your own lane, at intersections, railroad crossing, hills

and curves where you view is obstructed.
13. Make right or left turn only at correct turning lanes, right turn
from lane nearest to the curb; left turn from the lane next to the
center line to the left. Proceed to the turning lane from a reasonable
distance. Every time we make a turn either left or right, we should
make a full stop at the corner and slowly and with caution make the
turn.
14. Signal you next move to the other driver. Also know how and
when to give the proper signal. The control for signal light is the lever
just behind the steering wheel at the left side of the steering column.
Push the lever up and your right signal light (both the front and the
rear yellow light at the corner of your vehicle will be on) to show your
intention that you are going to make a right turn. Push the lever down
and your left signal light will be on before making a left turn. If you
can’t remember which, just follow the direction of the steering wheel.
15. Always slow down at school zones, parks and play grounds.
Children are the most dangerous hazards on the roads.
16. When stopping or parking, always pull far right as the condition
of the road will permit-on the shoulders if any.
17. Start from a parked position only if the way is clear and only
after you have signaled you intention and such signal is acknowledge
by other motorist.
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18. Dim your lights to oncoming vehicle. This is one rule of the road
every motorist must observe
19. Vehicles on the road must have at least two brake systems,
good windshield and wipers, lights and good steering mechanism.
20. If you drink don’t drive, if you drive don’t drink.
21. If there is an accident, stop to help the injured, go to or report

to the nearest police station, see if any injured needs your help.
RIGHT OF WAY RULES

Right-of-way rule are an aid to safe and smooth traffic flow. They
emphasize courtesy, common sense, and cooperation. They apply to all road
user including pedi-cab and bicycle users. NEVER INSIST ON TAKING THE
RIGHT-OF-WAY. If other drivers are not following the rules, let them have
the right-of-way even ifit belongs to you. You will help prevent accidents and
make driving more pleasant.
Do not always insist on other going ahead of you, either. If other

driver expects you to make your legal turn, you may delay traffic by
stopping or slowing unnecessarily for another person to go ahead of you.
1. If another car gets into an intersection before you do, it has
the right of way. Let it go ahead.
2. If you enter an intersection at the same time as that of
another car crossing your way, the car to the right has the
right of way.

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SELF CHECK 2.2-1
A. Multiple Choices
Instruction: Read the items carefully and answer each question correctly.
Write only the letters on the space provided.
1. What is the requirement for an applicant who wants to be issued a
student permit?
e. 16 years old and above
f. Mentally and physically fit
g. He / she must pass the road test
h. He / she can read and write
2. How long is the validity of student permit?
a. 3 months
b. 5 months
c. 6 months
d. 12 months
3. Which of the following is the registration month for cars with plate
number ending 6?
e. March
f. June
g. August
h. October
4. Which of the following vehicle is best described as white
background and green marked?
a. Government
b. Private
c. For hire
d. Diplomat
5. What is the motor vehicle plate scheme color for government
vehicle?
a. white background & red marked
b. white background and green marked
c. yellow background and black marked
d. none of these
6. What government agency approved granting of commemorate

plate?
a. LTO office
b. Office of the president
c. MMDA
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d. PNP_TMG
7. What do you call an official receipt issued to the owner

accompanied by sticker of a certain vehicle?
a. Deed of sale
b. Registration
c. Certificate of ownership
d. Plate number receipt
8. An ideal driver is
e. Always clean a seatbelt
f. Keeps within the advisory limit
g. Constantly scan the road for potential hazard
h. All of these
B. Enumeration
Instruction: Enumerate the following:

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Answer Key 2.2-1
A. Multiple Choices
1. a
2. d
3. b
4. b
5. a
6. a
7. b
8. d
B. Enumeration
 MMDA
 TMG
 LTO
 DEPUTIZED OFFICER
 TRAFFIC POLICEMAN
 Operating a motor vehicle recklessly or without reasonable caution.
 Cutting in and out of the traffic lanes
 Cutting corner of blind curve
 Making U-turn on the approach or on top of a bridge or elsewhere
but not street intersection
 Overtaking or passing on curves, at intersections and approaches
of bridges, hills and along places where overtaking is prohibited.
 Coming out of side streets or driveways without precautions.
 Racing on road streets.
 Failure to stop on entering a “Thru Stop Street”.
 Failure to consider proper clearance when overtaking
 Failure to observe the rule of “right of way” at highway intersection.
 a motor vehicle Driving on the wrong side of the street.
 Backing against the flow of traffic
 Turning from wrong lane
 Improper start from parked positioning
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 Speeding or fast driving
 Entering a DO NOT ENTER street
 Disregarding No Left Turn sign
 Passing thru red light
 Allowing passenger in excess of the seating capacity of the front
seat
 Obstructing or impending free passage of other vehicles
 Loading or unloading passengers within prohibited zone.
 Failure to carry registration certificate and official receipt of
payment for current year.
 Driving emitting excessive smoke.

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Driving Hazard

are expected to identify the different driving hazards.
Driving Hazard
1. Vehicular accident
a. loss of brake
b. side sweep
c. dragging
d. shifting failure
e. loss of direction
f. lost control
g. out balance

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2. Vehicle condition
a. defective brake system
b. defective steering system
c. defective power train unit
d. worn and unbalance wheels and tire
e. insufficient car accessories
f. improper tire pressure

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3. Driver illness
a. drivers incapacity to drive due to sickness
b. mannerisms
c. hang over
d. worried
e. lack of rest
f. boredom
4. Drivers negligence
a. drivers failure
b. violations
c. miscalculation
d. misbehavior/habit/arrogance
5.Road condition
a. sharp and dangerous bends
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b. cracks and sinking roads
c. Falling rocks boulders. trees and debris
d. cracks and swinging bridges
e. stones and muddy roads
f. wet and slippery roads
g. dangerous bend curves
6. Weather condition
a. floods
b. immediate heavy rains
c. foggy places
7. Crimes and insurgencies

a. carnapper
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b. road runners
8 .pedestrian failure
a. lack of consideration
b. drunks
c. misbehavior
d. jay walking
e. ignorance
Driving Hazards
Many accident driving hazards can be prevented with a bit of forethought and planning. A
well-maintained vehicle, attentiveness while driving and on-road courtesy go a long way to
helping prevent a life-changing driving accident.
A list of the most common accident driving hazards follows. A quick review of this list can
very well help build awareness and hopefully help the reader become alert and watchful for
situations that can potentially cause a car accident crash:
 failing to check the blind spot before making a lane change;

 following too closely;
 being distracted with cell phone use, talking while driving, checking maps, etc.;
 failing to adjust to changing road conditions;
 poor vehicle maintenance which results in sudden, dangerous on-road vehicle
breakdown;
 having a narrow, rather than a “big-picture” type driving focus;
 driving while impaired. This can include not only driving under the influence of drugs
or alcohol, but seemingly harmless conditions such as sleepiness, hunger (prone to
road rage) or while under high levels of stress;

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Better than 80% of all car accidents are caused by driver error, which is the leading cause of
accidents. Driver error compounded by bad road conditions also accounts for a high
proportion of on-road accidents.
Other causes of driving accident are poorly-maintained roads or malfunctioning traffic

signals, jaywalking pedestrians, poor car design, construction, signage and lighting issues..

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Self-Check 2.2-2
Enumeration:
Instruction: Give the reasons of having the following driving Hazard
enumerated below.
3. Driver illness
5. Road condition

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Answer Key 2.2-2
a. loss of brake
b. side sweep
c. dragging
d. shifting failure
e. loss of direction
f. lost control
g. out balance
a. defective brake system
b. defective steering system
c. defective power train unit
d. worn and unbalance wheels and tire
e. insufficient car accessories
f. improper tire pressure
3. Driver illness
g. drivers incapacity to drive due to sickness
h. mannerisms
i. hang over
j. worried
k. lack of rest
l. boredom
e. drivers failure
f. violations
g. miscalculation
h. misbehavior/habit/arrogance
5. Road condition
a. sharp and dangerous bends
b. cracks and sinking roads
c. Falling rocks boulders. trees and debris
d. cracks and swinging bridges
e. stones and muddy roads
f. wet and slippery roads
g. dangerous bend curves

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a. floods
b. immediate heavy rains
c. foggy places

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Stress Management When Driving a Vehicle
Objective: After reading the information sheet, the trainee should be able to
give stress management when driving.
Stress Management When Driving a Vehicle
Road Rage: How to Manage Road Rage to Stay Healthier and Safe
With more and more people in the world and in the workforce, roads are
becoming increasingly crowded. Inside our metal boxes, we’re not always as
polite as we would be to one another face-to-face, and when we’re all
frustrated with traffic, sometimes people make mistakes or pull impolite
driving maneuvers, which can lead to anger from other frustrated drivers. This
often results in road rage, which can pose a significant threat to health and
safety for everyone on the road.
People experiencing road rage may be face increased health risks that come
from high levels of stress, tension and anger. These episodes of acute stress
may become chronic stress, which leads to many negative health outcomes.
In addition to the toll stress takes on the "rager's" body, the increased risk of a
car accident due to road rage puts all drivers at risk.
By being a courteous and defensive driver, you can cut down the level of
frustration you might cause other drivers, doing your part in keeping road
rage at bay. But if you yourself experience road rage, here are some
techniques you can use to stay calm in the car:
 Breathe: Breathing exercises can help you cleanse your body of stagnant
air and stale energy, getting your blood more oxygenated and, of course,
releasing tension. Focusing on your breathing brings your attention inward
and makes frustrations seem more removed, without taking your focus too
far away from the road.
 Listen: Listen to music or audio books. Music can subtly color your
experiences, adding an exciting soundtrack to your commute. Audio books
can supply you with a mild distraction that can make your drive enjoyable
enough that you find annoying drivers and bumper-to-bumper traffic less
frustrating.
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 Relax: Practice Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and Deep Muscle
Relaxation (DMR). When you’re frustrated, you store the tension in your
body. These techniques will help you learn to quickly release the tension
you’re carrying, even as you sit in the car, which will help you feel more
physically and emotionally relaxed.
 Play: Use cognitive-behavioral interventions like Counting Idiots.
Basically, if you accept that a certain amount of people are going to make
fools of themselves on the road, and decide to make a game out of
counting them, you can cut down on the stress you feel in response to their
rude maneuvers.
 Plan: Manage your time wisely. Often, when we’re frustrated on the road,
it’s because we’re in a hurry and can’t get there quickly enough because
of traffic. Organizing your schedule so you can leave earlier, and planning
for traffic, can leave you feeling more relaxed because it really won’t
matter as much if the trip takes a few extra minutes.

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Self-Check 2.2-3
True or false
Instruction: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the
statement is wrong.
1. Breathing exercises can help you cleanse your body of stagnant air
and stale energy, getting your blood more oxygenated and, of course,
releasing tension.
2. Music can subtly color your experiences, adding an exciting
soundtrack to your commute. Audio books can supply you with a mild
distraction that can make your drive enjoyable enough that you find
annoying drivers and bumper-to-bumper traffic less frustrating.
3. When you’re frustrated, you store the tension in your body. These
techniques will help you learn to quickly release the tension you’re
carrying, even as you sit in the car, which will help you feel more
4. People experiencing road rage may be face increased health risks that
come from high levels of stress, tension and anger.
5. By being a courteous and defensive driver, you can cut down the level
of frustration you might cause other drivers, doing your part in
keeping road rage at bay.

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Answer Key 2.2-3
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True

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Fatigue Management Techniques
Objective: After reading the information sheet, the trainee, should be able
to enumerate fatigue management techniques.
Driver Fatigue
Just about everyone has experienced feelings of grogginess while driving,

performing monotonous tasks or operating machinery. However, actual
driver fatigue, also known as drowsy driving, is a physiological and
psychological condition that can greatly affect driving judgment and
abilities. Driver fatigue not only impacts alertness and response time but
also increases the chances of being involved in car accidents.
Driver Fatigue Symptoms
 An overall sleepy, groggy or exhausted feeling

 Frequent yawning
 Irritability
 Concentration difficulties
 Eyes may feel strained, sore and tired
 Poor steering – less effectively or with too much action
 May miss road signs and ignore lanes
 May experience short bursts of microsleep (a lapse from wake to sleep
that lasts only a few seconds)
Warning Signs of Driver Fatigue
One of the ironies of drowsy driving is that the driver may be too tired to
determine his or her own level of fatigue. The problem, therefore, is often
ignored. Here are some warning signs of driver fatigue:
 Daydreaming while on the road

 Driving over the center line
 Excessive yawning
 Feeling impatient
 Feeling stiff heavy eyes
 Reacting slowly
There are certain times of the day and night when our energy levels
naturally dip. These circadian rhythms are part of a normal sleep/wake

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cycle. In reaction to these dips, between 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. and 1:00
p.m. and 4:00 p.m., drivers are more at risk for experiencing driver fatigue.
Driver Fatigue Management Tips
Effective driver fatigue management is essential. Here are some tips you
can use to make sure you get where you need to go safely.
 Get sufficient rest (8 – 9 hours of sleep) prior to driving.

 Avoid alcohol, large meals and any medications that might make you
drowsy.
 Establish a realistic driving plan, one that does not require driving
long periods without a good night's sleep and healthy breaks.
 Remember to stay hydrated, get lots of fresh air and incorporate
environmental stimuli when possible (music, conversation, etc.).
 Share the driving whenever possible and really try to rest when it isn't
your turn to drive.
 When driving, take a break at least every two hours. During these
breaks, nap, eat a snack or drink an energy beverage.
If you or someone you love is feeling the physical and emotional effects of
sleep deprivation. See a physical or sleep specialist for professional
diagnosis and treatment.
Disclaimer: Statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the

Food and Drug Administration. These statements and products are not
intended to diagnose, treat and cure or prevent disease.

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Self-Check 2.2-4
Enumeration
Instruction: Enumerate the following.
1. Driver Fatigue Symptoms
2. Warning Signs of Driver Fatigue

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Answer Key 2.2-4
1. Driver Fatigue Symptoms
 An overall sleepy, groggy or exhausted feeling

 Frequent yawning
 Irritability
 Concentration difficulties
 Eyes may feel strained, sore and tired
 Poor steering – less effectively or with too much action
 May miss road signs and ignore lanes
 May experience short bursts of microsleep (a lapse from wake to sleep
that lasts only a few seconds)
2. Warning Signs of Driver Fatigue
 Daydreaming while on the road

 Driving over the center line
 Excessive yawning
 Feeling impatient
 Feeling stiff heavy eyes
 Reacting slowly

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Defensive Driving and Driving Motoring Tips
identify a defensive Driver
A. Defensive Driving
Whether you are a person who travels to work everyday on your own or
whether you are a person who uses public transport on a daily basis,
what you need to know are the basic rules of defensive driving. Today
there are a lot of driving schools that teach you these techniques apart
from the actual driving classes that they hold. These techniques not only
help you become a good driver, but it also teaches you how to be a
responsible one as well.
These are some of the rules of defensive driving that can make driving a
pleasure both for you and for the rest the travellers on the road:
• If there is a speed limit on the road that you are travelling on, make sure
that you observe the limit. There is no fun in speeding along on a fast lane
just because you think you are going to be late for the meeting with your
boss.
• Make sure you know all the traffic signs completely. You cannot claim
ignorance of the rules, when you make a mistake.
• Respect the laws of the land in which you travel. Of course, there are
countries like Burma or India, were rules are made, so that they can be
broken as quickly as possible. Though the law tries to enforce the rule in
these places, corruption levels are so high that it is very easy to breeze
through traffic signals without stopping at a red light, because you know
there will be a cop at the other end who would let you go in return for a
small bribe.
• Respect the other drivers on the road and remember that they also have
a job to do. Nobody is driving just for the heck of it. Most of us have a job to
go to or a home to reach. Most of us are also in a hurry to get to where we
want to. Nevertheless, it is better that we respect each other and the traffic
rules as well so that driving is a more pleasurable experience.
• Do not horn or keep honking just for the sake of honking. It is very
irritating and unnerving to have a driver honking behind you. Remember he
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is doing it because he is in a hurry. So, if you are in his place, you might be
tempted to do the same thing. Believe me; it does not help to keep honking.
Traffic will move at its own pace and no amount of honking is going to help.
B. Driving Motoring Tips

1. Gas saving tips
a. tune up engine regularly
b. avoid sudden speed change
c. do not refill gas to the brim
d. avoid jack rabbit
e. shut off engine while waiting
f. balance tire pressure
2. Dangerous driving practices
a. speeding -leave high speeding to the professional car racer
b. driving under the influence of liquor or any toxicated
substances
c. discourtesy
d. reckless driving
e. road competitor
f. driving with defective vehicle
3. PRACTICE COURTESY
Steps:
1. Relax. Take a deep breath if you stressed. Leave early enough that you
can enjoy you r trip rather than feeling anxious. It’s better to arrive a
few minutes to your destination than endanger yourself of others on
the road.
2. Follow good driving practices. Watch for road signs and obey the speed
limit. When we all obey the laws, the road is much safer.
3. Maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front of you. You can’t
push them out of the way, so just slow down a little. Pass if you have a
safe and legal opportunity to do so.
4. Use your turn sign signals several hundred feet ahead of your turn
when you’re on the highway
5. Respect others. Stop for pedestrian or bicyclist. Look for motorcyclist.
Allow others to go ahead of you. Allow others to maintain their speed
when you enter a roadway or change lanes.
6. Use your horn only when necessary. It’s not put on cars as a tool to
“yell” at others. Use the horn to signal others of your presence to avoid
accidents.

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7. Smile or wave at another driver. It makes their day and your day a little
brighter.
ATTITUDE
A Defensive driver must develop and demonstrate an attitude that;
 Shows concerns for other road users
 Recognizes that other road users will make mistakes
 Knows no journey is so urgent that a safe speed can be
maintained
 Driving is a skill which requires the application of good techniques
 Believes that safe driving requires an alert mind at all times
BEHAVIOR
An ideal defensive driver;
 Always clean a seatbelts
 Keeps within the advisory limit
 Constantly scans the road for potential hazard
 Signal intentions at all times
RIGHT DRIVER ATTITUDE

A defensive driver always maintains a safe caution of distance in
front and behind his vehicle by;
a) Observing the four-second rule
b) Adopting a positive, and
c) Skilled mental approach.
Search – the road seen ahead, around and rear of vehicles
Identity- the potential and immediate hazard on the road
Predict – the actions of other road users
Decide – what to do to avoid an unsafe situation

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DRIVER’S CODE OF ETHICS
1. I will never driver a vehicle with poor brake system because it will
endanger my life and passenger. I will always test the strengths of
my brake or breaking efficiency before I use the vehicle.
2. I will never apply the brake suddenly except in an emergency but
will always strive to use the brake lightly, gently and gradually.
3. I will also check the car handbrake efficiency for I know that in the
case the hydraulic brake system fails, the handbrake will stop the
car.
4. I will avoid stepping the brake pedal with a jerk or stopping the
vehicle at a sudden stop, except on emergency. I have to bear in
mind that some vehicles might be following my car and a sudden
stop might bump my car. It may also cause some inconvenient to
my passenger.
5. I will step at the brake pedal first when stopping my car and only
step on the clutch pedal when the car is about to stopped. Too
much application of the clutch pedal or clutch riding will cause
rapid clutch lining wear.
6. I will always strive to observe road courtesy and follow the traffic
code and other laws.
7. I will observe when driving the RIGHT of WAY rules in order to avoid
conflict at intersection.
8. I will always give the proper hand signal to indicate when I stop
light does not operate until will apply the brake.
9. I will observe traffic policeman instruction and signals in order to
avoid traffic jam and accident. I will always show good
sportsmanship and never display any resentment to reasonable
police signal.
10. I will always drive at the speed that is reasonable for the
existing traffic in any certain locality; I will also adjust my speed to
the density of traffic, the type of road, effect of rain in the pavement,
the visibility and frequency of pedestrians, intersection curve or
hills.
11. I will stop for the red light in a position that the car does not
block the pedestrian crosswalk and will always permit the
pedestrian to finish crossing when gets caught in the intersection
by a change of the traffic signal light.

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12. I will always dim my light for the convenient of the incoming
driver. Failure to dim my light may temporarily blind the incoming
driver of some painful annoyance to him.
13. I will never nose another car to space about to be occupied by
him for the same beating the other driver in the parking space.
14. I will use only my horn as a warning in emergencies gently as a
polite signal.
15. I will never be a “HIT and RUN” DRIVER, but always give
assistance to my victim and with the proper medical care.
16. I will never zigzag in a road or weave in and out traffic lane and
disregarding other drivers just for the sake of jockeying for a
favorable position.

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SELF CHECK 2.2-5
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TERMS

1. tune up _ _ _ _ _ _ regularly
2. I will never zigzag in a road or weave in and out _ _ _ _ _ _ _Lane
3. I will always _ _ _ my light for the convenient of the incoming driver
4. I will step at the _ _ _ _ _ pedal first when stopping
5. Driving under the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ of liquor or any toxicated substances
6. I will never drive a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with poor brake system
7. _ _ _ _ _ _ the road seen ahead, around and rear of vehicles
8. Shows concerns for _ _ _ _ _ road users
9._ _ _ _ _ _ _ the actions of other road users

10. Watch for road signs and _ _ _ _ the speed limit

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Self check 2.2-5
1. engine
2. traffic
3. dim
4. brake
5. influence
6. vehicle
7. search
8. other
9. predict
10.obey

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Use of Steering Wheel, Clutch, Gas and Brake Pedal
Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, the trainees should be able to use steering
wheel, clutch, gas and brake pedal.
THE VEHICLE DRIVING CONTROL UNIT
1. CLUTCH—a component part of the powertrain unit use to engage
and disengage the power from engine to the drivelines
2. STEERING WHEEL—used follow road path and guide vehicle
direction
3. GAS PEDAL—a vehicle pedal control use to accelerate and
decelerate speed and power of the engine to the drive lines
4. BRAKE PEDAL—use to control speed until it stop
5. SHIFTING LEVER—a part which use to shift the nescessary gear

to be used
BRAKE.!
Gas pedal
CLUTCH accelerator
Left center right

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Self-check 2.2-6
Identification
Instruction: Identify what are being asked.
-------—1.the vehicle part use to control speed until it stop
----------2. Use to follow road path and guide vehicle direction
----------3.a part which use to shift the necessary gear to be used
----------4.a vehicle pedal control use to accelerate and decelerate
speed
----------5. a component part of the power train unit use to engage
and disengage the power from engine to the drivelines

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Answer key 2.2-6
1. Brake
2. Steering system
3. Shifting lever
4. Accelerator
5. Clutch

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Job Sheet 2.2-1
Title: Driving Light Vehicle
Performance Objective: Given a vehicle drive the car with your instructor and
drivers guide and manual
Supplies and Materials: drivers manual and the instructor
Equipment: car/jeep light vehicle
Steps and Procedures:

1. Read the drivers manual
2. Read and follow application instruction
3. Drive the car following the procedure
4. Practice safety measures in driving the car
5. Check your work against Performance Criteria Checklist
6. Present your work to your trainer.
Assessment Method: Performance Criteria

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Criteria YES NO
1.Did the trainee read the drivers manual

2.Did the trainee read and follow application instruction
3. Did the trainee drive the car following the procedure
4. Did the trainee practice safety measures in driving the

car

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JOB SHEET 2.2-2
Title :MOVING THE VEHICLE
Performance Objective: After reading the information sheet, you should be

able to move the vehicle
Supplies and Materials:, diesel, brake fluid ,motor oil
Equipment :the vehicle

Procedure:
A.MOVING FORWARD
1. Press the clutch.
2. Shift to first gear
3. Press accelerator at least 1 inch depth
4. Slowly release clutch
B. STOPING THE VEHICLE

1.press clutch
2.press brake
3.set transmission to neutral to neutral
C. Moving the vehicle backward

1.press the clutch
2 Shift to reverse gear
3. Press accelerator a little
4. Smoothly release clutch
D. Gear shifting
1.press clutch
2.shift to second gear
3.Release clutch
Assessment Method: Performance Criteria Checklist

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Criteria YES NO
Did the trainee..
1. Press the clutch properly?

2. Set and select gear properly?
3. Press the accelerator Properly
4. Release clutch properly?
5. Press brake properly
6. Holds steering wheel properly
7. Shift gear properly/accordingly?

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Using Hand Brake Front and Rear Mirror
Learning Objective:
After reading this information sheet trainees are expected to
1. Use hand brake, front and rear mirror
Hand brake-also called parking brake this device use as wheel lock when
the vehicle is unattended.
-a lever located at the driver side use to fix vehicle position

when park
-A safety device when the vehicle is not in used
Front mirrors- were attached at both vehicle side of driver front side to
have a drivers vision on left and right ways to be used when overtaking,
moving backward, moving from park position and even vision on road
markers
Rear mirror- attached at the back of the vehicle to know the distance and
safe clearance from vehicle to touchable at vehicle rear

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Self check 2.2-7
Instruction: Answer the following questions.
1. What is a hand brake?

2. When to use parking brake?
3. What are the different types of side mirrors?
4. Where does parking brake attached?

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Answer key 2.2-7
1. Also called parking brake this device use as wheel lock when the
vehicle is unattended.
2. When the vehicle is not in used
3. Flat, concave and convex mirrors
4. A lever located at the driver side

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JOB SHEET 2.2-3
Title : Using Hand Brake Front and Rear Mirror
Performance Objective: After reading the information sheet, you should be

able to Use Hand Brake, Front and Rear Mirror
Procedure:
1.park the vehicle to the desired parking area

2.pull up the hand brake lever
3.set the front and rear mirror according to drivers visibility
Performance Assessment:
Performance Criteria Checklist

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Criteria YES NO
Did the trainee..
Park the vehicle to the desired parking area?
Pull the handbrake up securely?
Set the front and rear mirror according to driver’s

visibility?
Clean the rear and front mirror properly?

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Job sheet 2.2-4
Title : Parking and Shutting down Light Vehicle
Performance Objective: After this information sheet the trainees are

expected to identify and follow the steps in parking and shutting down light
vehicle

Tasks
Procedure
1. Entering a 1(a) Select a suitable parking bay, check the mirror,

90 degree signal, and slow
angle park the vehicle to a safe and controllable speed;
(front to kerb)
2(a) Choose the appropriate gear for control.
3(a) Check vehicle clearance as applicable on the

inside of the turn
(either mirror or shoulder check); and
4(a) Correctly position the vehicle, front to kerb, wholly

within the
bay while maintaining full control without
touching the kerb
and is:
(i) Not more than 300 mm out of parallel with the
lines;
(ii) Not more than 300 mm from the kerb or end of
parking bay; and
(iii) Where practicable, central within the parking
bay with the front wheels pointing straight
ahead towards the kerb.
2. Leaving a
90 degree
1(b) Select reverse gear;
angle park
2(b) Constantly check behind, both sides and to the
front before

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moving and during reversing;
3(b) Reverse slowly under full control of the vehicle

and check for
clearance of the front of the vehicle (where
appropriate);
4(b) Reverse the vehicle only for such a distance as is

necessary
(Position 2 in diagram) and turn the steering
wheel sufficiently
to allow the vehicle to safely clear the parking bay
alongside;
5(b) Move off in accordance with Task 3, steps (2) to (7)

(signaling
as appropriate) with safety and without rolling;
and
6(b) Except for straightening the steering wheel, drive

forward
under full control in the intended direction of
travel requiring
less than one turn of the steering wheel in that
direction.
Performance Performance Criteria Checklist

Assessment

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Criteria YES NO
Did the trainee..
Perform entering a 90 degree angle park appropriately?
Perform leaving a 90 degree angle park?
Perform OHS?

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LEARNING OUTCOME 3 Monitor and Maintain Vehicle Performance
CONTENTS Monitor and maintain Vehicle Performance
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA  Defective or irregular performance and

malfunctions are monitored and reported
to the appropriate person/ authority.
 Minor vehicle maintenance is performed
in accordance with manufacturer’s
manual.
Vehicle records are maintained/ updated
in accordance with workplace procedures
Edition; ERJAVEC
ERJAVEC
Crouse: Anglin
following:
Equipment
Computer
LCD
Whiteboard
CD
Tapes
Request form
Modules
 Demonstration

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Learning Outcome No. 3 Monitor and Maintain Vehicle

Performance
Read Information sheet 2.2-1 on Monitor Use Information sheet 2.2-1 on Monitor
and Maintain Vehicle Performance and Maintain Vehicle Performance
Answer Self-Check 2.3-1 Check your answers using answer Key 2.3-1

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Monitor and Maintain Vehicle Performance
monitor and maintain Vehicle Performance.
Below is a sample of Breakdown/Repair Report.
Area/Section : ________________________________________
In-Charge : ________________________________________
Facility Type Nature of Breakdown Recommendation
Reported by:
_____________________________
Signature over Printed Name
Date:
_________________

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Below is a sample of a Work Request Form.
Unit No. Description
Observation :
Date Reported:
Reported by:
Activity: Date Completed:
Signature:
Spare parts used:

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Sample Template for Maintenance Interval Form for the Month of
_______________
Frequency
Component D W M Q SA A Activities

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Below is a sample Template for Salvage Report
Area/Section : Practical Work Area o

Personnel In-Charge : ___________________________
Facility Type Part Identification Recommendation

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Reported by:
_____________________________
Date:
_________________
Below is a sample Template for Inspection Report.
Progress/
Facility Type Incident Action Taken
Remarks

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Reported by:
Date:
_____________________________
_________________

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Self Check 2.3-1
Completion
1. Look for a light vehicle to be inspected in your practical work area.
2. Use the Maintenance Inspection Checklist for inspecting the light
vehicle below. Put(/) under the YES Column if the question being
asked answers YES and put (x) under the No Column if the question
being asked answers No.
Sample Templates : Maintenance Inspection Checklist

Equipment Type : Light Vehicle
Property Code : Mock Up #1
Location : Practical Work Area
1. Are the parts of the vehicle free from damages?

Yes No
2. Is the unit in good condition?
3. Is the equipment arranged for the purpose of safety and

ease in maintenance?
4. Is the unit turned-off when not in use?
5. Is the equipment free from pipe linkages?
Inspected by: Date:_________________________________

_________________________
2. Proceed to the next template below if the Column under No of the

template above have/ has a mark (x). Ask your trainer for his/her
assistance.
Below is a sample of Breakdown/Repair Report.
Area/Section :________________________________________
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In-Charge :________________________________________
Facility Type Nature of Breakdown Recommendation
Reported by:
Date:
___________________________
________________
3. Work on the given Work Request Form below after filling up on the
Breakdown/ Repair Report
Below is a sample of a Work Request Form.
Unit No. Description
Observation :
Date Reported:
Reported by:

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Activity: Date Completed:
Signature:
4. Finish the job using the Inspection Report.
Inspection Report
Facility Type Incident Action Taken Progress /

Remarks

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INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT
EVIDENCE PLAN
Qualification Title Driving NC II
Unit of Competency DRIVE LIGHT VEHICLE
Module Title DRIVING LIGHT VEHICLE
Ways in which evidence

will be collected (tick
the box)
Demonstration
Oral interview
Written Exam
Portfolio
The evidence must show that the candidate…
Perform light vehicle pre-starting and warm-up* x
x x
.
Drive light vehicle* x
x x
Monitor and maintain vehicle performance* x

x x

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DEMONSTRATION WITH QUESTIONING CHECKLIST
CANDIDATES NAME
ASSESSORS NAME
QUALIFICATION DRIVING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY DRIVE LIGHT VEHICLE
DATE OF ASSESSMENT
TIME OF ASSESSMENT
INSTRUCTIONS FOR DEMONSTRATION
Given the necessary materials, tools and equipment, the candidate must be
able to perform the following
 DRIVING LIGHT VEHICLE
Observation:
Did the trainee… Yes No
 Drive light vehicle defensively?

 Monitor and maintain vehicle performance?
 Perform light vehicle pre-starting and warm-up?
 Check Safety harness/devices and tools?
 Drive light vehicle in accordance with traffic
rules and regulations and manufacturer’s
instruction?
 Identify driving hazards?
 Park, shut down and secure light vehicle?

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ORAL QUESTIONING CHECKLIST
Satisfactory
response
The candidate should answer the following

Yes No
questions:
What would you do if feel some fatigue signs while on
the road.
If happens that someone asks a fight while on the road,
what would you do?
What are some techniques you can use when you feel
anger while on the road?
What is the best strategy would you use when driving?
Answer Key for Interview

1. Effective driver fatigue management is essential. When driving, take a
break at least every two hours. During these breaks, nap, eat a snack or
drink an energy beverage.
2. Do not respond to this provocation. It will loss control over the situation.
It’s not worth it."
3. Here are some techniques you can use to stay calm in the car:
 Breathe: Breathing exercises can help you cleanse your body of stagnant
air and stale energy, getting your blood more oxygenated and, of course,
releasing tension. Focusing on your breathing brings your attention
inward and makes frustrations seem more removed, without taking your
focus too far away from the road.
 Listen: Listen to music or audio books. Music can subtly color your
experiences, adding an exciting soundtrack to your commute. Audio
books can supply you with a mild distraction that can make your drive
enjoyable enough that you find annoying drivers and bumper-to-bumper
traffic less frustrating.
 Relax: Practice Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and Deep Muscle
Relaxation (DMR). When you’re frustrated, you store the tension in your
body. These techniques will help you learn to quickly release the tension
you’re carrying, even as you sit in the car, which will help you feel more
 Play: Use cognitive-behavioral interventions like Counting Idiots.
Basically, if you accept that a certain amount of people are going to
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make fools of themselves on the road, and decide to make a game out of
counting them, you can cut down on the stress you feel in response to
their rude maneuvers.
 Plan: Manage your time wisely. Often, when we’re frustrated on the road,
it’s because we’re in a hurry and can’t get there quickly enough because
of traffic. Organizing your schedule so you can leave earlier, and
planning for traffic, can leave you feeling more relaxed because it really
won’t matter as much if the trip takes a few extra minutes.
4. Defensive driving is a good strategy.

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WRITTEN TEST
A. Multiple Choices
Instruction: Choose the letter that correspond the correct answers.
1. ________are electrically-operated noise- makers used by the driver to

provide a loud warning signal.
2. ____ restrain the vehicle occupants if there is an accident.

3. _______are balloon-type devices that inflate automatically to protect the

driver (and front-passenger in some vehicles) if a front-end crash occurs.
b. Seat Belts d. Air Bags
4. ______ clean the windshield so the driver can see clearly while driving in
rain or snow.
a. Turn-signal lights c. Horns
b. Seat Belts d. Windshield wipers
5. _____ which indicate an intended change in direction by flashing lights on

the side toward which the turn will be made.

b. Seat Belts d. Seat Belts

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6. ___are long-handled tool with fixed or adjustable jaws.
7. _____ is a hand tool used for striking.

a. Hammer c. screw driver
8. Use the proper ____ to drive or turn screw.

9. ____are hand tools with a pair of adjustable pivoted jaws for cutting or
gripping
a. Pliers c. Hammer
10. _______ are used to knock out rivets and pins.

a. Punches c. Hammer

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Answer Key
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. A
6.B
7.A
8.A
9.A
10.A

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Technical Education and Skills Development

Welcome to the module in Driving NC II. This module contains training

Date Developed: Document No.

Operation Sheet – This will guide you in performing single task,

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

NO. UNIT OF COMPETENCIES MODULE TITLE CODE

1 Carry out Minor Vehicle Carrying out Minor Vehicle ALT723348

Date Developed: Document No.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Drive Light Vehicle

MODULE TITLE : Driving Light Vehicle

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This module covers the knowledge, skills and

NOMINAL DURATION : 80 hours

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of this module, the trainee would be able to:

L.O.2 Drive light vehicle

L.O 3 Monitor and maintain vehicle performance

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA  Vehicle Inspection is performed as per

REFERENCES  Automotive Technology; Tech Manual; 4th

Date Developed: Document No.

Learning Outcome No. 1 Perform vehicle Pre starting and Warm

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read Information sheet 2.1-1 on Use Information sheet 2.1-1 on Parts

Answer Self-Check 2.1-1 Check your answer using Answer

Read Information sheet 2.1-2 on Use Information sheet 2.1-2 on Hand

Answer Self-Check 2.1-2 Check your answer using Answer

Read Information sheet 2.1-3 on Use Information sheet 2.1-3 on Light

Answer Self-Check 2.1-3 Check your answer using Answer

Read Information sheet 2.1-4 on Use Information sheet 2.1-4 on

Answer Self-Check 2.1-4 Check your answer using Answer

Read Information sheet 2.1-5 on Use Information sheet 2.1-5 on

Perform Job Sheet 2.1-1 on Light Evaluate your Performance using

Date Developed: Document No.

The outside or exterior lights on an automotive include:

The inside of thee car has a variety of interior lights. These

Lightning is provided by various sizes and types of light

It is the most important lamps for the driver. When switch

Many vehicles have halogen headlamps. These emit a

Date Developed: Document No.

Some cars use smaller rectangular headlamps or

Date Developed: Document No.

E. Automatic Headlamp Controls

The turn signals permit the driver to signal an intention

The turn-signal lever is moved up for right turn and down

H. Computer Controlled Lighting

In most cars, a separate switch controls each lighting circuit.

Date Developed: Document No.

I. Distributed Lighting System

Headlamps must be aimed correctly so the driver can see

Date Developed: Document No.

Some vehicles have aiming devices built into the

II. Safety and Signaling

B. Vehicular Security Systems

An anti-theft or security alarm system causes the horn to

Date Developed: Document No.

Air bags are also called supplemental inflatable restraints (SIR).

An air bag inflates only once. Then remove the deployed

III. Driver Information and Safety

Some cars have a hybrid instrument cluster .It includes

C. SPEEDOMETER AND ODOMETER