Internation Police Organization Member Countries

INTERNATION POLICE ORGANIZATION
MEMBER COUNTRIES
OMAN
Region: Asia / South Pacific

National Central Bureau: Muscat
Member since: 19 September 1972
The Royal Oman Police (ROP), also known as Oman Police

(Arabic: ‫)السلطانية عمان شرطة‬, is the main law and order agency for the
Sultanate of Oman. It maintains a helicopter fleet and also carries on
the duties of safeguarding the long Omani coastline.
The concept of a modern police force was relatively new to
Oman when Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said rose to power after
overthrowing his father in a palace coup on July 23, 1970. However,
history shows that the first police in Oman was first institutionalized in
the 1700s in Sohar. Prior to ROP's creation, no internal security force
existed in Oman. Security was the responsibility of the local walis or
governors who carried it out with the help of local "Askars". The police
presence was limited to the township of Muscat and Mutrah, where
most of the souqs were present and most of the trade took place.
Once in power, Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said, in addition to his
other reform campaigns, went about building an efficient and modern
police force in Oman. In 1974, Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said
conferred the title Royal Oman Police (ROP) on the newly formed
force. In November that year, ROP received its colours from the
Sultan. The next year, the ROP headquarters was inaugurated in
Qurum.
PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

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The Royal Oman Police joined the International Criminal Police
Organization (Interpol) in 1972, and the Arab Organization for Social
Defense Against Crime in the same year.
Fighting organized crime in Oman
Oman's strategic location at the crossroads of Asia, the Middle
East and Africa makes the country attractive to organized crime
groups wishing to carry out smuggling operations into the region, or to
cross it on their way to other continents. As a result, its priority crime
areas of concern include trafficking in drugs, firearms, people and fake
goods, as well as cybercrime.
The international characteristics of these crimes and their links
with crime networks around the world make the role of the INTERPOL
National Central Bureau (NCB) in Oman fundamental to maintaining
national and regional security.
INTERPOL in Oman
Staffed by 15 men and women, NCB Oman is part of the
Criminal Intelligence Department at the Muscat Police headquarters.
The Head of NCB reports directly to the Inspector General of Police
and Customs.
By providing globally-sourced intelligence about regional crime,
the NCB helps police officers across Oman to detect and investigate
the flow of illicit goods along trafficking routes in and around the
country. It plays a central role in preventing the country and
surrounding region from serving international organized crime.
The Royal Oman Police works through the NCB to cooperate
with police forces across the world in investigating crime and bringing
criminals to justice. The NCB regularly takes part in INTERPOL-led
police operations in the region.

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Law enforcement in Oman
Headquartered in the capital Muscat, the Royal Oman Police is
the national police force of the Sultanate of Oman.
Made up of eight policing regions, the force is commanded by an
Inspector General of Police and Customs who is under the direct
command of the Sultan of Oman.

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ROYAL OMAN POLICE UNIFORM

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PAKISTAN

National Central Bureau: Islamabad
Member since: 13 June 1956
Law enforcement in Pakistan (Urdu: ‫ )ادارے کے قانون نفاذ‬is one of
the three main components of the criminal justice system of Pakistan,
alongside the courts and the prisons.[1][2] In Pakistan, law
enforcement is jointly carried out by the federal and provincial police
services and other law enforcement agencies who form a chain
leading from investigation of suspected criminal activity to
administration of criminal punishment.[3] The court system is vested
with the power to make legal determinations regarding the conduct of
the other two components.
Primarily operated through the four provincial governments and
the Islamabad Capital Territory, each police service has a jurisdiction
extending only within the relevant province or territory.[4] Apart from
investigating crime scenes, criminal acts, suspected unlawful
activities, and detention of suspected criminals pending judicial action,
the law enforcement agencies (primarily police) also perform duties
that include the service and enforcement of warrants, writs, and other
orders of the courts.
The law enforcement agencies are also involved in providing first

response to emergencies and other threats to public safety as well as

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protecting the infrastructure and maintaining order in the country. At
the federal level there are a number of law enforcement agencies
including the Federal Investigation Agency, Federal Board of
Revenue, Intelligence Bureau, Anti Narcotics Force, National Counter
Terrorism Authority, the National Highways and Motorway Police and
the Railways Police. The four provinces each have their own police
services such as the Punjab Police, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police,
Sindh Police, Balochistan Police. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police
services are supported by paramilitary units such as the Frontier
Constabulary and Frontier Corps. Each police force has a
Commissioner of Police appointed as Inspector-General who is the
most senior officers from the Police Service of Pakistan— a
component of the Central Superior Services of Pakistan.
Designations of PSP officers
Grade Police Ranks Directorial/Secretarial

Appointment
 Assistant  Assistant Director,

BPS-17 Superintendent of Intelligence Bureau
Police  Assistant Director, Federal
 Deputy Investigation Agency
Superintendent of  Assistant District Officer,
Police Frontier Constabulary
 Sub-Divisional Police Officer
(SDPO)
BPS-18  Additional  Deputy Director, Intelligence
Superintendent of Bureau
Police  Deputy Director, Federal
 Superintendent of Investigation Agency
Police  District Officer, Frontier
Constabulary
 District Police Officer (DPO)
of smaller districts
BPS-19  Assistant Inspector  Director, Intelligence Bureau
General of Police  Additional Director, Federal
Investigation Agency

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 Senior  Director, National Police
Superintendent of Academy
Police  Course Commander,
National Police Academy
 Additional Director, Financial
Monitoring Unit
 Additional Director, Special
Security Unit
 Additional Director, National
Crisis Management Cell
 District Police Officer (DPO)
of larger districts
 City Police Officer (CPO)
BPS-  Deputy Inspector  Director General, NACTA Headquarters
20 General of Police  Deputy Director General, Intelligence Bureau
 Director, Federal Investigation Agency
 Deputy Commandant, Frontier Constabulary
 Director, Special Security Unit
 Director, National Crises Management Cell
 Deputy Commandant, National Police Academy
 Director, National Police Bureau
 Director, Financial Monitoring Unit
 Director, National Police Academy
 Regional Police Officer (RPO) of a division
 Capital City Police Officer (CCPO)
 City Police Officer (CPO)
BPS-  Inspector General  Director General, National Police Bureau
21 of Police  Joint Director General, Intelligence Bureau
 Additional Inspector  Director General, National Crises Management Cell
General of Police  Additional Director General, Federal Investigation Agency
 Commandant, Frontier Constabulary
 Commandant, National Police Academy
 Deputy National Coordinator, National Counter Terrorism
Authority
BPS-  Inspector General  Secretary, Ministry of Interior
22 of Police  National Coordinator, National Counter Terrorism
Authority
 Chairman, National Public Safety Commission
 Director General, Intelligence Bureau
 Director General, Federal Investigation Agency
 Inspector General, Pakistan Railways
BPS-  No special  Secretary General, Ministry of Interior
SG appointment

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PUNJAB POLICE UNIFORM

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PANAMA
Region: Americas
National Central Bureau: Panama
The Panamanian Public Forces (Spanish: Fuerza Pública de la

República de Panamá) are the national security forces of Panama.
Panama is the second country in Latin America (the other being Costa
Rica) to permanently abolish standing armies, with Panama retaining
a small para-military security force. This came as a result of a U.S.
invasion that overthrew a military dictatorship which ruled Panama
from 1968 to 1989. The final military dictator, Manuel Noriega, had
been belligerent toward the U.S. culminating in the killing of a U.S.
Marine lieutenant and U.S. invasion ordered by U.S. President George
H. W. Bush.
Panama maintains armed police and internal security forces, and
small air and maritime forces. They are tasked with law enforcement
and can perform limited military actions. Since 2010 they have
reported to the Ministry of Public Security.

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The National Police
Panama's first army was formed in 1903, when the commander
of a brigade of the Colombian army defected to the pro-independence
side during Panama's fight for independence. His brigade became the
Panamanian army.
In 1904, the army tried to overthrow the government, but failed.
The United States persuaded Panama that a standing army could
threaten the security of the Panama Canal Zone. Instead, the country
set up a "National Police." For 48 years, this was the only armed force
in Panama.
However, starting in the late 1930s, the National Police attracted
several new recruits who had attended military academies in other
Latin American countries. Combined with increased spending on the
police, this began a process of militarization. The process sped up
under José Remón, who became the Police's commandant
(commanding officer) in 1947. He himself had graduated from
Mexico's military academy. He began promoting fewer enlisted men to
officer rank, giving the police a more military character.
A BMW X6, one of several deluxe vehicles, impounded in high-
profile cases converted to patrol vehicle of the National Police force.
The National Guard
After playing a role in overthrowing two presidents, Remón resigned
his commission and ran for president for a coalition that won the
elections in 1952. One of his first acts as President was to reorganize
the National Police along military lines with a new name, Guardia
Nacional de Panamá (National Guard of Panamá). The new grouping
retained police functions as well. With a new name came increased
American funding.

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In 1968, the Guard overthrew President Arnulfo Arias in a coup
led by Major Boris Martínez and others, including then Major Omar
Torrijos, after newly elected Arias forced senior officers into
retirement, or assignments in distant provinces by presidential order.
They completed the process of converting the Guard into a full-fledged
army. In the process, they promoted themselves to full colonels.
Torrijos thrust Martínez aside in 1969, promoted himself to brigadier
general, and was de facto ruler of the country until his death in a 1981
plane crash. (See Panamanian Air Force FAP-205 crash)
The Panamanian Defense Forces
After Torrijos' death, and two successive commanders with
lesser political influence, the position was eventually assumed by
Manuel Noriega, who restructured all of the National Guard's military
and police forces under his command, into the Fuerzas de Defensa de
Panamá (Panama Defense Forces). He built the PDF into a structured
force, and further consolidated his political power. Under Noriega, the
PDF was more a tool of political control, than a force dedicated to
national defense and law enforcement.
Besides consolidating his grasp on power by increasing military
forces and spending, Noriega also increased the power and influence
of the PDF Military Intelligence Section (G-2 for its standard military
designation), which he commanded prior his rise to power and it
became a secret police, feared even inside the PDF ranks; and he
also relied on the role several loyal military unit, like the 7th Inf. Co.
"Machos de Monte" (Mountain Machos, a guerrilla warfare unit named
after a sort of aggressive wild boar), the 1st Public Order Co.
"Doberman" (a riot police force), the UESAT (Unidades Especiales de
Servicio Anti Terror, an Israeli trained counter terrorism strike force).
That way, he was able not only to maintain an iron grip on day to day
political affairs, but also to survive various attempted coups. The
"Doberman" Co. was disbanded and replaced by the 2nd Public Order

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Co. "Centurions" after the "Dobermen" key role in the last coup
attempt against Noriega.
Due to the political turmoil of the late 1980s, he formed the

civilian paramilitary unit called the Dignity Battalions composed
by regular sympathizers and the CODEPADI, a similar group
formed by civil servants inside public institutions; both intended
to bolster up forces to be used in case of foreign military action,
but were mainly used as shock troops in acts of political
repression.
As stated before, the PDF main role as a tool for political control
of the population by intimidation, coercion and even direct aggression,
instead of the legitimate role of armed forces in national defense, was
proved when they showed to be largely ineffective as a combat force
during Operation Just Cause, when U.S. Forces invaded Panama and
overthrew Noriega in 1989, where only some individuals (including last
minute civilian volunteers who despite opposing the regime
considered their duty to fight against foreign forces), small units, and
in some cases even the Dignity Battalions presented more armed
resistance.
Panamanian Public Forces

On February 10, 1990 the government of then President
Guillermo Endara abolished Panama's military and reformed the
security apparatus by creating the Panamanian Public Forces. In
October 1994, Panama's Legislative Assembly approved a
constitutional amendment prohibiting the creation of a standing
military force, but allowing the establishment of a special temporary
military to counter acts of "external aggression." The PDF was
replaced with the Panamanian Public Forces.

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By then, The PPF included the National Police, National
Maritime Service, National Air Service, Judicial and Technical Police
(PTJ) for investigatory activities, and an armed Institutional Protection
Service or SPI which consist mainly on the Presidential Guard. The
PPF is also capable of performing limited military duties.
In contrast to the former PDF, the Panamanian Public Forces is
on public record and under control of the (elected) government.
In 2007 the Judicial and Technical Police (PTJ) was split into the
Judicial Investigation Directorate (DIJ), which was merged back into
the National Police, and a group of minor technical services that were
to remain under the General Attorney's control. In November 2008,
the Servicio Aéreo Nacional (National Air Service) merged with its
maritime counterpart, the Servicio Maritimo Nacional (National
Maritime Service) to become the Servicio Nacional Aeronaval
(National Aeronaval Service), also the new Servicio Nacional de
Fronteras (National Borders Service, at the time a special branch of
the National Police) was created as an independent force from the
National Police for the defense of the national borders.
US Navy 080813-N-6266K-036 American and Panamanian

security forces practice water steering and maneuvering.jpg
The following three years were formative for the Panamanian
Public Forces. As these institutions endeavored to understand their
roles within the greater Government of Panama's strategy and goals,
the services struggled for funding, manning, and training to counter
Panama's burgeoning threats. While the separate services within the
Panamanian Public Forces received varying levels of government
support, the Forces writ large respected human rights.
Tackling crime in Panama

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Panama is located between North and South America with
coasts in the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean. This strategic
geography makes Panama attractive to organized crime groups
wanting to link drug producers with drug consumers using land, air
and maritime trafficking routes.
The Panama Canal plays a fundamental role in bridging the
world’s lands and waterways, with more than 12,000 vessels passing
through every year. Whilst this serves legitimate business,
transnational organized crime also finds opportunity for business
across the 77km-long canal. In addition, Panama’s Darien Gap - a
dense strip of forest along the border with Colombia – is known to
facilitate the trafficking of arms, drugs and persons.
The main crime challenges Panamanian law enforcement faces

include drug trafficking, money laundering, and trafficking in firearms,
people and counterfeit goods.
With regional organized crime networks invariably operating on a
global level, the role of INTERPOL’s National Central Bureau (NCB) in
Panama is crucial to safeguarding national and regional security.
INTERPOL in Panama
Panama’s NCB is part of the criminal investigations police, the
national operational and intelligence unit in charge of serious
organized crime. It is the lead agency for taking national criminal
investigations beyond national borders when Panama’s national
police, or PNP, needs to work with police forces in other countries.
The NCB is an operational unit, meaning NCB police staff can
exercise police power across the country on behalf of the national
police, including the power of arrest.

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Staffed with ten police officers, INTERPOL Panama provides a
24-hour permanent service. By providing globally-sourced intelligence
about regional crime, the NCB helps police officers across the country
to detect and investigate the flow of illicit goods along trafficking routes
in and around the country. It plays a central role in preventing the
country and surrounding region from serving international organized
crime.
Law enforcement in Panama
Panama’s national police force is called ‘La Policía Nacional de
Panamá (PNP)’.
PNP is part of the Ministry of Public Security, which also has
command over the National Air-Naval Service and National Border
Service.
Panama National Police Uniform

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PAPUA NEW GUINEA
REGION: ASIA / SOUTH PACIFIC

NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAU: KONEDOBU
MEMBER SINCE: 14 OCTOBER 1976
The Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC) is a

national police force with jurisdiction throughout all of Papua New
Guinea.
The RPNGC was formed from two predecessor bodies that
existed prior to the independence of Papua New Guinea. The Royal
Papuan Constabulary, initially established by the Australian colonial
administration as part of setting up Papua in the late 19th century, and
the New Guinea Police Force which covered the former German New
Guinea and British New Guinea also set up by Australia, initially
during World War I and formalized as part of the League of Nations
mandate of 1920.
The constabulary played a significant role resisting the Japanese
occupation of New Guinea during World War II. For example, the Lae
War Cemetery holds the names of 13 police officers (panel 8) who
died during the war.

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The two colonial territories were gradually amalgamated during
and after World War II leading to the merger of the two forces.[3] The
structure was retained after Papua New Guinea gained independence
in 1975, although the name shifted from Royal Papua and New
Guinea Constabulary to the present name with the removal of the
"and" in 1972
Fighting organized crime in Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea sits on maritime and air crossroads between
Asia and the South Pacific. This geographic location, and the fact that
it is so close to Australia, make Papua New Guinea attractive to local,
regional and global organized crime groups.
With drug trafficking the principle activity of these organized
crime groups, other crime challenges faced by Papua New Guinea law
enforcement include money laundering and cybercrime.
The international characteristics of these crimes and their links
with crime networks around the world mean the role of INTERPOL’s
National Central Bureau (NCB) in Konedobu is crucial to preserving
national security and keeping the region safe.
INTERPOL in Papua New Guinea
Located at the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary
(RPNGC) headquarters and headed by the Police Commissioner, the
INTERPOL NCB in Konedobu is the point of contact for investigations
involving Papua New Guinea and the international police community.
The NCB plays a central role in preventing the country and
surrounding region from serving international organized crime. By
providing globally-sourced intelligence about crime trends, the NCB
shares information on emerging crime threats affecting the region and
ways to tackle them.

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In particular, the NCB helps police officers across Papua New
Guinea detect and investigate the flow of illicit goods along land and
maritime trafficking routes in and around its national territory and
waters.
Law enforcement in Papua New Guinea
Law enforcement services in Papua New Guinea are provided by
the RPNGC which is part of the Government’s Law and Justice
Sector.
Headed by a Commissioner, the national police force is
headquartered in Konedobu, a suburb of the capital city Port Moresby.
ROYAL PAPUA NEW GUINEA CONSTABULARY UNIFORM

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PARAGUAY
Region: Americas
National Central Bureau: Asuncion
The National Police of Paraguay (Spanish: Policía Nacional del

Paraguay, PNP) is the main law-enforcement agency in Paraguay,
operating under the auspices of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It is
responsible for ensuring the internal security of the nation.
The first Paraguayan Police force was established in 1843, then
known as the Asunción Police Department under the leadership of
Pedro Nolazco Fernández. In 1992, Paraguay's government ratified a
new constitution, which put policing duties under the newly formed
National Police (Policia Nacional), which came under the interior
ministry. In 2010, the PNP established a new aviation unit, called the
Unidad de aviación (Aviation Unit), which operates helicopters to
support of policing operations in the air.
Tackling Paraguayan crime
A landlocked country sitting geographically between drug
consumer and producer regions, Paraguay can attract transnational
criminal organizations wishing to carry out smuggling operations into
the region, or to cross it on their way to other countries and continents.

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In addition, Paraguay’s extensive river system, particularly the
Paraguay River which runs North to South across the centre of the
country, facilitates the inconspicuous transportation of illegal
merchandise. Associated crime includes money laundering and
people trafficking.
The international characteristics of these crime types and their

links with crime networks around the world make the role of the
INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB) in Asuncion fundamental
to maintaining national and regional security.
INTERPOL in Paraguay
The INTERPOL NCB in Asuncion is part of the Policía Nacional
del Paraguay (PNP) which is the national police force. The NCB is the
lead PNP agency for taking national criminal investigations beyond
national borders through regional and international police cooperation.
By providing globally-sourced intelligence about regional crime,
the NCB helps police officers across Paraguay to detect and
investigate the flow of illicit goods along trafficking routes in and
around the country. It plays a central role in preventing the country
and surrounding region from serving international organized crime.
Staffed with ten police officers, INTERPOL Asuncion provides a
24-hour permanent service and regularly takes part in regional and
global police operations.
Paraguay National Police
Law enforcement services in Paraguay are provided by PNP
which is part of the Ministry of Interior
The National Police is directed by the General Commissioner
Director, assisted by the deputy General Commissioner Director for
the General Directorates. It is composed of many training institutions,

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armed units, and general directorates, all under the auspices of the
police command headquarters in the capital.[4][5][6]
Training institutes
 Asuncion Police Academy
 General José Eduvigis Díaz Police Academy
 Sergeant Assistant José Merlo Sarabia Police College
 Remberto Giménez Apprentice School
 School of Physical Education
 Institute of Criminalistics
Improvement institutes
 School of Police Strategy
 School of Chiefs and Police Advice
 School of Professional Specialization
 School of Application for NCOs
General Directorates
 General Directorate of Human Talent
 General Directorate of Prevention and Security
 General Directorate of Criminal Investigation
 General Directorate of Police Intelligence
 General Directorate of the Higher Institute of Police
Education
 General Directorate of Police Justice
 General Directorate of Administration and Finance
 General Directorate of Police Health
Technical Support Directorates
 Crime investigation Department
 Economic Department
 Anti-narcotics Department

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 Department of Communications
 Automotive Control Department
 IT Department
 Department of Identifications
 Judicial Department
 Department of Family
 Legal Assistance Department
 Anti-kidnapping Department
 Intelligence Deptartment
 Anti-terrorism Department
Tactical Support Directorate
 Specialized Group
 Special Police Operations Forces (FOPE Group)
 Security Group
 Traffic Group
 Ecological and Rural Group
 Airport Group
 Anti-rustling group
 Fire Brigade
 Mounted Group
 Motorized Group
 PNP Aviation Unit
 Tourism Police Division
 Department of Forestry and Environmental Affairs
 Security of Educational Centers
Police stations
PNP police stations are police bodies, subordinated to the
Departmental Police Headquarters, which are within the limits of an

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particular zone and executes the activities of the National Police in
their particular citys.
PARAGUAY NATIONAL POLICE UNIFORM

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PERU
Region: Americas
National Central Bureau: Lima
Law enforcement in Peru is divided into a national police force

and municipal police forces.
Policing responsibilities
The Peruvian National Police (Spanish: Policía Nacional del
Perú, PNP) are the national police force of Peru. The PNP functions at
both a state and local level.
Peruvian cities and districts of Lima have a dedicated municipal
police force with limited jurisdiction known roughly as a "Watchman
Unit" (Spanish: Unidad de Serenazgo). Serenazgo officers have fewer
legal powers than the National Police.
Corruption
The Peruvian National Police acts mainly, according to Peruvian
reglamented law, as a traffic control force.[1] While it has other
squadrons that nominally fight crime, the only effectively organized of
them is Black Eagles, the bank security squadron. The majority of the
police force is plagued by corruption.[2][3][4][5]

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Former Peruvian police forces

The Peruvian Civil Guard was formed in 1924 as Peru's main
preventive police force. It later became the General Police, which in
1989 was merged into the National Police.
The Peruvian Republican Guard existed between 1919 and
1986.
The Peruvian Investigative Police existed from 1957 to 1987.
Historical secret police organizations
Peruvian State Security
DIRCOTE (Anti-Terrorism Directorate)
PERUVIAN NATIONAL POLICE UNIFORM

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PHILIPPINES

National Central Bureau: Manila
The Philippine National Police (Filipino: Pambansang Pulisya

ng Pilipinas, abbreviated PNP) is the armed, civilian national police
force in the Philippines. Its national headquarters is at Camp Crame in
Quezon City, Metro Manila, and it has 170,000 personnel.
It is administered and controlled by the National Police
Commission and is part of the Department of the Interior and Local
Government (DILG). Local police officers are operationally controlled
by municipal mayors. DILG, on the other hand, organizes, trains and
equips the PNP for the performance of police functions as a police
force that is national in scope and civilian in character.
The PNP was formed on January 29, 1991 when the Philippine
Constabulary and the Integrated National Police were merged
pursuant to Republic Act 6975 of 1990.
The common history of the police forces of the Philippines can be
traced back to the reigns of the pre-Hispanic lakans, datus and sultans
in the islands, where soldiers who served in the communities where
the people lived (and which reported directly to local leaders) also
enforced local laws. All changed with the arrival of the Spanish rule

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and the introduction of Western law to the archipelago. Until 1868,
personnel of the Spanish army and local militias were also tasked with
policing duties in local communities, together with the Island
Carabiniers (raised 1768 and the colony's first ever police service). In
that year, the local branch of the Civil Guard was officially established
by order of then Governor-General Carlos María de la Torre y Nava
Cerrada. Starting from a single division, during the Revolutionary
period it grew into a corps of military police with detachments in Luzon
and the Visayas, and was notorious for its abuses against Filipinos.
(These abuses were mentioned in José Rizal's two novels, Noli Me
Tángere and El filibusterismo, both writing about several cases of Civil
Guardsmen abusing the local populace.) Civil Guardsmen formed part
of the Spanish military forces that fought against Filipino rebels during
the Philippine Revolution.
With the beginning of American rule and the Philippine–
American War, the Philippine Constabulary (PC) was raised in 1901
as a national gendarmerie force for law enforcement, directly reporting
to the American government. At the same time, what is now the
Manila Police District came into existence as the Philippines' first city
police force. Later police forces began to model the US departments.
The gendarmerie force was later integrated into the ranks of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines in the late 1930s - first as a command
of the Army, and later on its own after the State Police folded. (The
PC's personnel would later be fighting on both sides in the Second
World War.) Following the restoration of independence in 1946, the
PC, reorganized as the military gendarmerie of the Armed Forces in
1950, proved to be a valuable asset of the national government not
just in national defense but also in contributing to the preservation of
public security against internal aggression and criminal activity.
The formation in 1966 of the National Police Commission as the
primary agency for control and organization of the hundreds of

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municipal and city police departments all over the country opened the
door for a nationalization of police forces to solve the various financial,
political and organizational problems that faced the independent police
forces in those times of change. By then, the mayor's offices had
overall control over the operational responsibilities of personnel of the
police departments, which caused tons of problems that needed to be
corrected, such as partisan politics in the choice of leadership
appointments. During the long presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, those
problems had to be resolved. One of the many acts done during the
martial law period was the formation of a truly national police force, a
process which began in 1974 when Metro Manila's police commands
were nationalized. On August 8, 1975, by virtue of Presidential Decree
765, the Integrated National Police was officially created, which placed
all the municipal and city police forces under one national command,
which was to be joined with the Constabulary as part of the Armed
Forces (as the Philippine Constabulary-Integrated National Police
(PC-INP)), with the Chief of the PC concurrently holding the office of
Director General of the INP. The creation of the joint command was
only the beginning of the formation of a true national police force for
the growing republic. Despite the notorious reputation of the two
services during these times for their human rights abuses against the
people, the joint command of the two services made it easy to
coordinate and plan for the future of law enforcement, as their unified
command structure helped sustain the performance of their mandate
to help protect the Filipino people from criminal activity and enforce
the rule of law.
Passed on December 13, 1990, Republic Act No. 6975, the
Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990 paved
the way for a new era for Philippine law enforcement as the law
ordered the total merger of both the Philippine Constabulary and the
Integrated National Police and formally created the Philippine National
Police. R.A. 6975 was further amended by R.A. 8551, the Philippine

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National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, and by R.A.
9708. The R.A. 8551 envisioned the PNP to be a community- and
service-oriented agency.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE UNIFORM

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POLAND
Region: Europe
National Central Bureau: Warsaw
Law enforcement in Poland consists of the Police (Policja),
City Guards (Straż Miejska, a type of municipal police), and several
smaller specialised agencies. The Prokuratura Krajowa (the Polish
public prosecutor) and an independent judiciary also play an important
role in the maintenance of law and order.
Pre 20th century
1887 Russian 'wanted' poster for future Polish Marshal of Poland
and Chief of State, Józef Piłsudski
During the period of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's
existence, most law enforcement was undertaken by a group of
nobles of varying degrees of importance who possessed private
armies and who, in return for political power and a place within the
nation's social hierarchy, swore their allegiance, and that of their
mercenary troops, to the king. As a result of the enduring power of a
number of powerful 'magnates' within the social hierarchy, relative
weakness of the 'elected' monarchs and continued existence of the
feudal system in Polish society, centralised rule of law and
enforcement of the same did not truly exist until the 1791 adoption of
the 3 May Constitution.

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The Constitution aimed to weaken the golden freedoms of the
upper classes and redistribute a portion of their power amongst the
mercantile middle classes. In addition to this, the establishment of a
majority-voting Sejm and increased centralisation of sovereign power
under the authority of the king, led to the establishment of a standing
army, provided for by the state and subordinate only to the king and
authorities of the national government.
As a result of the 1772–95 partitions of Poland, and subsequent
rule of the partitioning powers (Austria-Hungary, Germany and
Russia), the authority of King Stanisław August collapsed, and the
former territories of the commonwealth came under the direct
supervision of their partitioning powers' law enforcement services.[1]
In Austrian-controlled Galicia, the Imperial Gendarmerie became
responsible for preserving public order and later became known for
being arguably the least oppressive of the three occupying powers. In
both the Russian and German territories of the former Poland, it was
widely reported that law enforcement agencies and paramilitaries
engaged in both oppression of Polish political organisations and the
forced assimilation of local culture with those of their own nations.[2]
Post 1919 Independence until today
Mounted officers of the inter-war Policja Państwowa
In 1919, with the re-independence of the Polish nation, the state
reorganised itself along non-federalist lines and established a
centralised form of government. Under the auspices of the new
government, a new national police force was formed; this 'Polish State
Police' (Policja Państwowa)[3] then existed as the primary law
enforcement agency for the entire nation up until the outbreak of the
Second World War in 1939. During the inter-war period, a number of
key law enforcement duties were delegated to other formations, such
as the Border Guard[4] and Military Gendarmerie.[5]

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With the end of World War II and the onset of the communist
period, the new Soviet backed government decided to radically
change to structure of policing in Poland; the state 'Policja' was
renamed as the 'Milicja Obywatelska' (Citizen's Militia), a name which
was meant to reflect a change in the role of the police, from an
instrument of oppression ensuring the position of the bourgeoisie, to a
force composed of, and at the service of 'normal citizens'.
The reality turned out to be largely the opposite, and the Milicja
instead represented a rather state-controlled force which was used to
exert political repression on the citizens. The Milicja was, for the most
part, detested by the general populace; events such as the police's
conduct during the Gdańsk Shipyard Strike and surrounding the
Popiełuszko affair, only worsened the people's view of their law
enforcement agencies.
After the fall of the communist government in Poland, the system
was reformed once again, this time reviving the pre-war name of
'Policja' and albeit with a few minor changes, the general system of
law-enforcement of the Second Republic.
Police
Main article: Policja
The Policja (Police) is the national police force of Poland. It is
directly responsible to the national government. Officers are routinely
armed, and are responsible for the investigation of most ordinary
crimes. They are responsible for many specialist services such as
highway patrol and counter-terrorism. They can be contacted by
calling "997" from any telephone.[6]

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As Poland is a very centralised state, regional law enforcement
agencies do not exist in the way that they do in the United States,
Canada, Germany or the United Kingdom. While voivodeship
(regional) commands exist within the organisational structure of the
Policja, the regional authorities do not have any major say in law
enforcement policy.
City Guard
Main article: City Guard (Poland)
Several gmina (English: municipalities) in Poland have their own
police forces, which work in conjunction with the Policja. They have
more limited powers than the Policja, and do not currently carry
firearms. They can be contacted by calling "986" from any telephone.
Fighting organized crime in Poland
Poland is located in Central Europe and shares borders with
Belarus, the Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Slovakia, Ukraine,
and the Baltic Sea. This geographical location is attractive to regional
organized crime groups wishing to carry out drugs, weapons and
people smuggling operations.
INTERPOL in Poland
The NCB for Poland plays a central role in preventing the
country and surrounding region from serving this kind of criminal
enterprise. It is an essential national platform linking the Polish police
with international law enforcement for the exchange of criminal
information and for carrying out international police investigations.
The NCB regularly takes part in INTERPOL-led police operations
in the region. By providing globally sourced intelligence about regional
organized crime, the NCB helps police officers across Poland to
detect and investigate the flow of illicit goods along trafficking routes in
and around the country.

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To boost national security and investigations for national law

enforcement, The NCB in Warsaw has given national and border
police access to INTERPOL’s databases on wanted people, stolen
passports and stolen vehicles, meaning they can quickly determine if
a person is a potential criminal.
Law enforcement in Poland
Part of the Ministry of Interior, the Polish National Police is a
uniformed and armed force responsible for public order, crime
prevention, criminal investigations and the protection of people and
property.
There is an International Police Cooperation Bureau within the
National Police headquarters, which in turn acts as the INTERPOL
National Central Bureau (NCB) for Poland.
POLAND POLICE UNIFORM

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PORTUGAL
Region: Europe
National Central Bureau: Lisbon
Law enforcement in Portugal is the responsibility of three bodies:
 Guarda Nacional Republicana - National Republican Guard. A
Gendarmerie who mainly work out of major cities but in 98% of
the Portuguese territory, and provides a national highway patrol
and fiscal guard as well as a national environment protection
police
 Polícia de Segurança Pública - Public Security Police. Civilian
police force who work in larger urban areas.
 Polícia Judiciária - Judicial Police. Overseen by the Public
Ministry, they investigate criminal cases.
Fighting organized crime in Portugal
Portugal is on the Iberian Peninsula at the westernmost point of
mainland Europe. Its location on shipping routes between Africa,
Europe and the Americas makes the region a busy transit area for
both legal and illegal business.
Given that Illegal drugs are principally smuggled along these
routes, law enforcement faces the additional challenges of the serious
organized crime which comes with drugs, such as trafficking in
firearms and people, money laundering and cybercrime.

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The international characteristics of these crime types and their links
with crime networks around the world make the role of the INTERPOL
National Central Bureau (NCB) in Portugal fundamental to maintaining
national and regional security.
INTERPOL in Portugal
Portugal’s NCB plays a central role in preventing the country and
surrounding region from serving international organized crime. By
providing globally sourced intelligence about regional crime trends, the
NCB helps police officers across Portugal detect and investigate the
flow of illicit goods along trafficking routes in and around the country.
Portugal’s NCB plays a strong national role in tackling the serious
crime areas which affect the country most as well as crimes against
children, fugitive investigations and terrorism. It is a regular partner in
INTERPOL-led global police operations in these areas.
The NCB is part of the national criminal police structure, called
“Polícia Judiciária” or “PJ”. It is staffed by officers seconded by the
PJ, National Gendarmerie, Public Security Police, and Immigration
and Borders Services.
To boost national security and investigations, the NCB in Lisbon
has given criminal police bodies in Portugal access to INTERPOL’s
criminal databases enabling them to determine if a person is a
potential security threat.

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PORTUGAL POLICE UNIFORM

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QATAR

National Central Bureau: Doha
Law enforcement in Qatar comes under the control of the Ministry
of Interior of Qatar, which administers the Police Force of the State
of Qatar. Both women and men are admitted to the Police Force,
and they are required to attend a police academy before being
admitted.
History
The first police agency in Qatar was formed in September 1949 as
the 'Discipline Police'.[2] It was centered in the Doha Police Station
in Souq Waqif. Its duties involved traffic control and law
enforcement.[2] In a response to widespread protests which broke
out in Qatar in 1956, then-emir Ali Al Thani began heavily investing
in the police force. As a result, a new police headquarters was built
during the 1950s.[3]
Organisation
The Police Force is under the authority of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs,[4] which was created in 1970.[5]

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The Police Force consists of a large number of divisions and
departments. Departments which encompass the Police Force
include a National Central Bureau of Interpol, criminal intelligence
departments, investigation and inquest departments, drug abuse
control departments, civil defense departments, human resources
departments, medical departments, and traffic police departments.
Police forces
Qatari police at Souq Waqif
Qatar Police Force
In 2006, the Police Force comprised 2,500 individuals. They are
responsible for enforcing the laws and arresting law violators.
Qatar State Security
Main article: Qatar State Security
Qatar State Security is a branch of the Ministry of Interior which are
responsible for matters relating to political disputes, terrorism, and
espionage. They were formed as a result of a merger between the
Secret Police Office and Investigation and State Security Service.
Training
Main entrance of the police college in Qatar
Police officers are required to attend the police academy in Doha
before they can be admitted into the force. Historically, the Police
Force was overwhelmingly composed of males. There were only 30
females in the Police Force prior to 2003. That year, a whole female
squadron with 107 women graduated from Qatar's police academy for
the first time in history.

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In December 2013, Qatar's emir Tamim Al Thani passed a decree
to establish a four-year police college. A police official stated that
the objective of establishing the institution was to create a highly
trained police force which would be able to maintain security in
large events such as the 2022 FIFA World Cup. The college
opened in August 2014 with an enrollment of 130 students and a
budget of QR 2.5 bn.
QATAR POLICE UNIFROM

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ROMANIA
Region: Europe
National Central Bureau: Bucharest
Member since: 2 October 1973
The Romanian Police (Romanian: Poliția Română, pronounced

[poˈlit͡si.a roˈmɨnə]) is the national police force and main civil law
enforcement agency in Romania. It is subordinated to the Ministry of
Administration and Interior and it is led by a General Inspector with the
rank of Secretary of State.
Duties
The Romanian Police are responsible for:
The protection of the fundamental rights and liberties of the
citizens and of the private and public property
The prevention and identification of criminal offences and their
perpetrators
maintaining the public order and safety
Organization
General Inspectorate of Romanian Police is the central unit of
police in Romania, which manages, guides, supports and controls the
activity of the Romanian police units, investigates and analyses very
serious crimes related to organized crime, economic, financial or

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banking criminality, or to other crimes which make the object of the
criminal cases investigated by the Prosecutor’s Office attached to the
High Court of Cassation and Justice, and which has any other
attributions assigned by law.
Romanian Volkswagen Police Cars
The organizational chart of General Inspectorate of Romanian
Police includes general directorates, directorates, services and, offices
established by the order of the Minister of Administration and Interior.
The General Inspectorate is under the command of a General
Inspector appointed by the Minister of Administration and Interior.
Since March 2015, the General Inspector of the Police is appointed by
the Prime Minister and also holds the rank of Secretary of State.[4]
Central units
General Directorate for Countering the Organized Crime - with 5
central directorates (Anti-Drug Directorate, Directorate of Combating
Human Trafficking, Cyber Crime Directorate, Directorate of Combating
Terrorism Financing and Money Laundering, Special Operations
Directorate) and 15 regional Brigades of Countering Organized
Criminality. These Brigades are specialized units and have the
mission to fight against organized crime, drug trafficking, human
trafficking, illegal migration, cyber crime, serious financial frauds,
financing terrorism and money laundering.
General Directorate for Criminal Investigations - with 3 central
directorates: Fraud Investigations Directorate, Criminal Investigations
Directorate, Directorate of Firearms, Explosives and Toxic
Substances.
General Directorate for Public Safety Police - with 3 central
directorates: Public Order Directorate, Traffic Police Directorate,
Transport Police Directorate.

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General Directorate for Administrative Police - with 4 central
directorates: Forensics Institute, Directorate for Criminal Records,
Statistics and Operational Registry, Directorate for Logistics
Management, the Directorate for IT&C.
Under the command of the General Inspectorate of the
Romanian Police operates a specialized intervention squad, The
Independent Service of Special Interventions and Operations.
Uniformed police agents (agenți) from the Public Order
Directorate
Territorial units
The Romanian Police is divided into 41 County Police
Inspectorates, corresponding to each county (județ), and The
Bucharest General Directorate of Police.
Each County Police Inspectorate has a rapid reaction unit
(Detașamentul de Poliție pentru Intervenție Rapidă, Police Rapid
Intervention Squad). The similar unit attached to the Bucharest Police
is called Serviciul de Poliție pentru Intervenție Rapidă (Police Rapid
Intervention Service).
Facilities and equipment
The Romanian Police has, altogether, roughly 9,500 intervention
vehicles. The fleet is mostly comprised by Dacia Logans and various
Volkswagen vehicles. Mercedes Vito is yet another model in use, used
by the special forces, border police and others. The Road/Traffic
Police also has BMWs, Seat and Lotus vehicles, used for road
chasing.
The police also uses helicopters for air surveillance and
immediate response. The most common manufacturer is Eurocopter.
A policeman on duty carries a sidearm (usually a Pistol Carpați
Md. 1974, Makarov PM or Glock semi-automated weapon), a pair of

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handcuffs, an expandable baton, a radio communication device and
identification.
Ranks
Before 2002, the National Police had military status and a
military ranking system (see Romanian Armed Forces ranks and
insignia). In June 2002 it became a civilian police force (the first police
service in Eastern Europe to do so) and its personnel was structured
into two corps:
Corpul ofițerilor de poliție (Police Officers Corps) - corresponding
to the commissioned ranks of a military force, to the ranks of
Inspector, Superintendent and Commissioner in a British-style police
force or to the both Corps de conception et de direction and Corps de
commande et d'encadrement in the French National Police (Police
Nationale).
Military French police

Shoulder British Metropolitan
Rank Translated as rank rank
insignia Police rank equivalent
equivalent equivalent
Chestor-
Police Quaestor- Directeur des
general de General Commissioner
General services actifs
poliție
Chestor-șef Police Chief- Lieutenant Inspecteur

Assistant Commissioner
de poliție Quaestor General général

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Chestor
Police Principal Major Contrôleur Deputy Assistant
principal de
Quaestor General général Commissioner
poliție
Chestor de Brigadier Contrôleur

Police Quaestor Commander
poliție General général
Comisar-șef Police Chief- Commissaire

Colonel Chief Superintendent
de poliție Commissioner divisionnaire
Comisar de Police Lieutenant Commissaire

Superintendent Grade I
poliție Commissioner Colonel de police
Subcomisar Police Sub-

Major Commandant Superintendent
de poliție Commissioner
Inspector
Police
principal de Captain Capitaine Chief Inspector
Principal Inspector
poliție

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Inspector de
Police Inspector Lieutenant Lieutenant Inspector
poliție
Subinspector Police Sub- Second Lieutenant Temporary/Probationary

de poliție Inspector Lieutenant intern Inspector
 Corpul agenților de poliție (Police Agents Corps) - corresponding to the non-

commissioned ranks of a military force, to the Corps de maîtrise et d'application in the French
National Police or to the ranks of Constable or Sergeant in a British-style police force.
RANK SHOULDER TRANSLATED MILITARY FRENCH BRITISH

INSIGNIA AS RANK POLICE RANK POLICE RANK
EQUIVALENT EQUIVALENT EQUIVALENT
AGENT-ȘEF Police Principal Sergeant Major Brigadier-major Station Sergeant

PRINCIPAL Chief Agent
DE POLIȚIE
AGENT-ȘEF Police Chief Master Brigadier-chef Station Sergeant

DE POLIȚIE Agent Sergeant
AGENT-ȘEF Police Deputy Sergeant First Brigadier Sergeant

ADJUNCT DE Chief Agent Class
POLIȚIE

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AGENT Police Principal Staff Sergeant Gardien de la Acting Sergeant

PRINCIPAL Agent paix
DE POLIȚIE
AGENT DE Police Agent Sergeant Gardien de la Constable

POLIȚIE paix stagiaire
THE ROMANIAN POLICE UNIFORM

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RUSSIA
Region: Europe
National Central Bureau: Moscow
Police (Russian: полиция, tr. politsiya, IPA: [pɐˈlʲitsɨjə])

is the federal law-enforcement agency in Russia, operating under the
Ministry of Internal Affairs. It was established in 2011, replacing the
Militsiya, the former police service. It is the federal police service of
Russia that operates according to the law on police (Закон "о
полиции"),[2] as approved by the Federal Assembly, and
subsequently signed into law on February 7, 2011 by then President
of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev.
History
The existing system of public services for the protection of public
order and the fight against crime in the Russian Empire and re-
organized from March 1, 2011 of the Russian Federation (with the
exception of structures not related to the Ministry of Internal Affairs
that already exist or exist before and were called the police).
14th century
In 1504, cheval de frise were installed in Moscow, under which
the guards were stationed. The guards were kept by the locals. The

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city was divided into areas, between which gates with lattices were
built. It was forbidden to move around the city at night or without
lighting. Subsequently, the Grand prince Ivan IV established patrols
around Moscow to observe safety.
Sudebnik of Ivan IV transferred the cases of “about guided
robbers” under the jurisdiction of honorary elders. Prior to this, the
Letters of Honor were in the nature of awards, and were given by the
petition of the population itself. The lip of the letter gave permission to
local society to independently manage in the field of labial work. In
cities, police functions were performed by the mayor.
Robber administration was first mentioned in 1571 and since
then has existed continuously until the 18th century. Since 1539, in
Moscow, the boyars are mentioned in written sources, by which
robbery is ordered. Konstantin Nevolin believed that it was a
temporary commission established to destroy the robberies, which
then intensified. But, since the robberies did not stop, the temporary
commission turned into a standing commission and thus robber
administration appeared.
17th century
By decree of August 14, 1687, the affairs of the robber
administration were transferred to the Zemsky administrations. In April
1649, Gran prince Alexis issued a decree on urban blessing. By
decree in the White City, a team was created under the leadership of
Ivan Novikov and clerk Vikula Panov. They were betrayed by five
lattice clerks and "one person from 10 yards" with roars, axes and
water pipes. The detachment was supposed to protect fire safety and
order.
Police officers in large cities called Zemsky Yaryg. In Moscow,
they were dressed in red and green clothes. In other cities, the color of

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clothes could be different. On the chest they had the letters “З” (Z) and
“Я” (YA) sewn.
In 1669, instead of elders, detectives were introduced
everywhere.
18th century
Dragoon (left) and a police officer. 1718. Postage stamp Russia
2013.
The police force in Saint Petersburg was established as the Main
Police on 1715 by decree from Peter the Great. Initially, the staff of the
St. Petersburg police consisted of the deputy general-police chief, 4
officers and 36 lower ranks. The clerical and ten clerks kept office
work in the Main Police Station Office. The police not only kept order
in the city, but also carried out a number of economic functions,
engaged in the improvement of the city — paving streets, draining
swampy places, garbage collection, etc.
On June 7, 1718, Adjutant general Anton de Vieira was
appointed General Polizeimeister.[3] To solve the tasks, the created
Chief Police Office and one army regiment were handed over to the
General Polizeimeister. All the ranks of this regiment became police
officers. Through the efforts of General de Vieira in 1721, the first
lanterns and benches for rest were installed in St. Petersburg.
On January 19, 1722 the Governing Senate established the
Moscow Police. The Ober-Polizeimeister was appointed by the
emperor from military or civilian ranks. In accordance with the
instructions of July 20, 1722, the Ober-Polizeimeister supervised the
protection of public peace in Moscow, was the head of the Moscow
Police Office. In 1729–1731 and 1762–1764, the head of the Moscow
police was called the General Polizeimeister.

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On April 23, 1733, Empress Anna signed a decree “On the
establishment of police in cities”. The police received the authority of
the court and had the opportunity to impose penalties in criminal
cases.
19th and 20th century
The Detective Department was founded in 1866 operating under
the Police Department of Ministry of Internal Affairs, and by 1907
similar departments had been created in other major cities of the
Russian Empire, including Moscow, Kiev, Riga, Odessa, Tiflis, Baku
and Rostov-on-Don. Other districts were policed by rural police or
gendarmerie units.
The 3,500 strong police force of Petrograd provided the main
opposition to the rioting which marked the initial outbreak of the
February Revolution. After the army units garrisoning the city
defected, the police became the main target of the revolutionaries and
a number were killed. The Police of the Russian Empire was dissolved
on March 10, 1917, and on April 17 the Provisional Government
established the People's Militia (Militsiya) as a new law enforcement
body.
Soviet Militsiya
Main article: militsiya
The militsiya was formed on March 10, 1917, which replaced the
former police organizations of the Imperial government within Russia.
There were detachments of the people's militsiya and the workers'
militsiya that were organized as paramilitary police units. After the
dissolution of the Soviet Union, the militsiya in Russia existed until
March 1, 2011.

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2011 Police reform
Police officer, 2018
Summer uniform of a Russian police officer
Main article: Russian police reform
Russian police reform (Закон РФ "о полиции" (Zakon RF "O
politsii" {Law on police}) is an ongoing effort initiated by former
President Dmitry Medvedev to improve the efficiency of Russia's
police forces, decrease corruption and improve the public image of
law enforcement. On 7 February 2011, amendments were made to
laws on the police force, the criminal code and the criminal procedure
code. The amendments came into force on 1 March 2011. These
changes stipulate a personnel cut of 20% in law enforcement, a
renaming of Russian law enforcers from "militsiya" (militia) to
"politsiya" (police), substantial increases in wages, centralization of
financing, and several other changes. Around 217 billion rubles ($7
billion) have been allocated from the federal budget to finance the
reform.
Main changes and aims of the reform

o Name change. Under the reform, the name of Russian law
enforcers was changed from the Soviet-era term "militsiya"
(militia) to the more universal "politsiya" (police) on 1 March
2011.[4][5]
o Personnel reduction and salary increase. The number of
police officers was reduced by 20%, dropping from 1.28
million to 1.1 million by 2012. The reduction was
accomplished via a comprehensive evaluation of all officers.
The evaluation was conducted before June 2011, and those
failing the evaluation will end up losing their jobs. All officers

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who in the past have received administrative penalties or who
have links to the criminal underworld will be fired.[6] For those
officers surviving the reduction, salaries will be increased by
30%.
o Centralisation. As a result of the reform, the Russian police
was made a federal-level institution, with funding
accomplished fully from the federal budget. Under the old
system, police units responsible for public order and petty
crimes were under the jurisdiction of regional and city
authorities, financed from regional budget and responsible
more to the regional governors than to the federal center.[7]
o Changes to police and detainee rights. According to the new
law, the detainee will receive a right to make a telephone
call within 3 hours of the detention. They will also receive
the right to have a lawyer and interpreter from the moment
of their detention, and police must inform the detainee of
their rights and duties. The police will lose its right to carry
out and demand checks of a company's financial and
business activities. Police may also no longer detain a
citizen for an hour just to verify his identity.[8]
Central administration
 Rashid Nurgaliyev, former Russian Minister for Internal Affairs (2003–2012), who
led the dissolution of the Militsiya.
 Criminal Police Service: Criminal Investigations Department (Russian:
Уголовный розыск)
 Main Office for Criminal Investigation
 Main Office for Combating Economic and Tax Crimes (Russian:Отдел борьбы с
экономическими преступлениями)
 Office for Operational Investigation Information
 Co-ordination Office of Criminal Police Service
 Main Office for Public Order Maintenance
 Main Directorate for Road Traffic Safety (Traffic police) (Russian:
Государственная инспекция безопасности дорожного движения)
 Main Office of the Interior for Restricted Facilities
 Main Office of Interdepartmental Security Guard Service
 Co-ordination Office of Public Security Service

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 Main Office of the Interior for Transport and Special
Transportation
 Office for Passports and  Main Office for Internal
Visas Security -Internal affairs
 External Labour Migration  Control and Auditing Office
Department  MVD Inquiry Committee
 Legal Office  Forensic Expertise Center
 Office for Crisis Situations  Main Office for Organization
 Office for Resource and Inspection
Provisions  The MVD Inspector General
 Finance and Economy Office  Main Office for (Special)
 Logistical Service Investigations
 Office for Material and  Special branch
Technical Support  National Central Bureau for
 Finance and Economy Interpol
Department  Mobilization Training Office
 Medical Office  Main Center for Information
 Office for Communication  Main Legal Office
and Automation  Office for International Co-
 Office for Capital operation
Construction  Office for Information
 Co-ordination Office of Regional Contacts
Logistical Service  Main office for Drug
 General Services Office Enforcement (former FSKN)
 Independent Divisions  Main office for Migration
 Office of Affairs - the issues (former Federal
Secretariat Migratory Service)
Equipment
Transportation
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A police car, 2018.
Ka-226 of the Moscow Police Service in flight, 2008

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Russian police use a number of different models of automobiles
which range greatly in age and technical specification.
Patrol Cars
 Lada Priora  Automobile-van 572060 also known
 Lada Granta as VM-4320 on Ural-4320 chassis
 Lada Vesta  Ford Focus and Kamaz
 Fiat Bravo (2007)  police buses PAZ-3205 in Moscow
 Ford Focus  GAZelle van
 Ford Mondeo  UAZ Patriot Sport police vehicle
 Honda Accord  GAZon NEXT prisoner transport
 Nissan Teana vehicle
 Volkswagen Passat
 Toyota Land Cruiser 200
 Kia Sorento
 Land Rover Defender
 Mercedes-Benz C-Class
 Mercedes-Benz E-Class
 Mercedes-Benz G-Class
 Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class
 Audi R8
 Vans
 GAZelle
 UAZ-452
 GAZ-3302
 All Terrain Vehicles
 Lada Niva (and Chevrolet Niva)
 UAZ-469
 UAZ Patriot
 Armoured vehicles
 GAZ-2975 "Tigr"
 BPM-97
 BMP-2
 BTR-80
 BTR-82A
 Police car in Saint Petersburg
 Lada 4x4 Niva
 The shorter GAZ Sobol as a police
van
 UAZ-3909

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Weaponry
 AK-74M
 AKS-74U
 AS Val
 OTs-14 Groza
 PP-19 Bizon
 9A-91 carbine
 A-91 rifle
 Makarov pistol
 OTs-02 Kiparis
 PP-91 KEDR
 Saiga-12S shotgun
 MP-443 Grach pistol
 GSh-18 pistol
 PP-2000
 KS-23 shotgun
 Vityaz-SN
 CZ-75
 AEK-971
RUSSIAN POLICE UNIFORM.

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RWANDA
Region: Africa
National Central Bureau: Kigali
The Rwanda National Police is the police service of Rwanda.
History
The service was created on 16 June 2000 by law No. 09 of 2000
and merged three earlier forces, the Gendarmerie Nationale of the
Ministry of Defence, the Communal Police of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs and the Judicial Police of the Ministry of Justice.
Future
A state-of-the-art forensic laboratory will open in Kigali in 2017,
with the technicians to staff it undergoing training in Germany.
Mission
The RNP vision is: people in Rwanda are safe, involved and
reassured.[3] The Mission is dedication to the delivery of high quality
services, accountability and transparency, safeguard the rule of law
and provide a safe and crime free environment for all.

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THE RWANDA NATIONAL POLICE UNIFORM

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SAMOA

National Central Bureau: Apia
Samoa has no standing army, as defense is the responsibility of New

Zealand. However, Samoa does have a unitary national police force,
the Samoa Police Service.
Because crime in Samoa is relatively low, Samoa does not
require much of a force but a small one. There are 500 police officers
in Samoa. Samoan police duties vary in maintaining the correctional
facilities, maintaining order in traffic, assisting in search and rescue,
identify and address crimes of most concern to the community,
upgrade and improve intelligence for crime investigation and national
security and other police duties. There are three corrections facilities
in Samoa: Tafaigata Prison, Vaiaata Prison and a juvenile facility.
Operations
The Samoa Police Service operates the Pacific-class patrol boat
Nafanua. It was provided to Samoa by the Australian Government as
part of the Pacific Patrol Boat Program. Samoa took delivery in March
1988. It underwent a $T5.5 million refit in Australia in December 2004.
Between 1988 and 2004, the Nafanua sailed a total of 118,000
nautical miles (219,000 km; 136,000 mi), performed over 12,000 hours
of fisheries patrol and has been involved in the search and rescue of
over 400 people.

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International Operations
Samoa has provided police officers to the Regional Assistance
Mission to Solomon Islands since July 2003. Samoan Police officer
Laulala Siitia is contingent commander of the Samoan police serving
as part of RAMSI's Participating Police Force (PPF). Samoa's police
service also served in East Timor as part of a United Nations
peacekeeping effort to maintain peace and security in the region in
2000.
Crime in Samoa
Within Samoa, reports of organized gang members growing and
selling cannabis have become common. In the early hours of Monday
7 May 2012, Samoan police officers received gunshot wounds during
a police raid in Faleatiu village near Apia. Sources said that there was
a shoot-out between police and people involved living on this
particular land when the drug raid took place. Faleatiu village has
been the target of police investigations as one of the main sources of
cannabis.
In recent years, reports of organized crime occurring in parts of
Samoa were noted. The growing of cannabis and selling it. The import
of weapons into Samoa from neighbouring countries including the
United States have raised alarming concern over the possibility of
increased gun crime in Samoa and the possible import of these
weapons to New Zealand, which was described in a New Zealands
Journalist report as a 'warzone' if this were to be.
Overseas Support
Australia will build a new police headquarters in the Samoan
capital Apia, as part of a major initiative to strengthen the Samoa
Police Service. The Samoa Australia Police Partnership operates
within the framework of the Samoa Australia Partnership for
Development and is founded upon and institutional relationship
between the Samoa Police service and the Australia Federal Police

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(AFP) within the broader context of external support to Samoa’s law
and justice sector. The Samoa Australia Police Partnership is a
component of the Pacific Police Development Program, which is a
Government of Australia initiative supporting a broad range of bilateral
and multi country police capacity development initiatives throughout
the Pacific region.
The Samoa Australia Police Partnership commenced in January
2009, prior to which AusAID provided support for police capacity
development under the Samoa Police Project (SPP) (2004–2008).
While it is widely recognized that noticeable improvements in SPS
performance were achieved during the life of the SPP, it is also
acknowledge that ongoing assistance to the SPS is required. With a
new Commissioner having been appointed in September 2009, and a
new senior executive, it is an opportune time for the AFP to forge a
new program of assistance to the SPS.
SAMOA POLICE SERVICE UNIFORM

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SAN MARINO
Region: Europe
National Central Bureau: San Marino
Law enforcement in San Marino is the responsibility of the
centralized Civil Police, together with the Corps of Gendarmerie of
San Marino (militarized police), and the Fortress Guard (border patrol
with military status), have been providing law enforcement in San
Marino since a statute in 1987, which redefined their roles, further
supported by revised regulations for both the Gendarmerie and the
Fortress Guard, which was approved by the Government of San
Marino in 2008. Under the 2008 regulations the Gendarmerie and the
Fortress Guards are responsible for policing, criminal investigation,
national penitentiary, changing the guard, border patrol, customs
control, personal protection, and national security, while the Civil
Police are tasked with tax collection, domestic security, traffic control,
and civil defence. All three agencies are subordinate to the Secretary
of State of Home Affairs. San Marino is also part of the international
policing organization Interpol, and as such there is an Interpol office in
San Marino City.
At the end of 2012, there were 160 police officers serving in San
Marino; this includes: 70 Gendarmerie, 50 Civil Police, and 40
Fortress Guard. While total law enforcement expenditures amounted
to $13.3 million.

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SAN MARINO POLICE UNIFORM

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SAO TOME AND
PRINCIPE
Region: Africa
National Central Bureau: Sao Tome
Member since: 17 November 1988
The Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe is a multiparty

constitutional
democracy with a population of approximately 200,000. The head of
state is
President Fradique Bandeira Melo De Menezes, who was reelected in
2006. The
head of government is Prime Minister Patrice Emery Trovoada, whose
party won
the most seats in legislative elections held August 1. International
observers
deemed both the 2006 presidential and August 1 legislative elections
free and fair.
Security forces reported to civilian authorities.
Human rights abuses included difficult prison conditions; prolonged
pretrial
detention; official impunity; official corruption; violence and
discrimination
against women; child labor; and harsh forced labor conditions.

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RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom
From:
a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life
There were no reports that the government or its agents committed
arbitrary or
unlawful killings.
b. Disappearance
There were no reports of politically motivated disappearances.
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment
The constitution and law prohibit such practices, and there were no
reports that
government officials employed them.
Prison and Detention Center Conditions
Prison conditions were difficult, but not life threatening. Medical care
was poor,
and food was often inadequate. Extreme high temperature often
occurred and
ventilation was often insufficient.
Pretrial prisoners were held with convicted prisoners, and juveniles
were held with
adults. There is one prison and no jails or detention centers. Police
stations have a
small room or space to incarcerate an offender for brief periods.

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There were a total of 218prison inmates and 87 pretrial detainees. The
number of
inmates included 8 women and 25 juveniles. There were no reports of
prison
deaths.
Prisoners and detainees had reasonable access to visitors on a
weekly basis and
were permitted religious observances. Authorities permitted prisoners
and
detainees to submit complaints to judicial authorities without
censorship and to
request investigation of credible allegations of inhumane conditions.
Legal
representatives are available to address prisoner grievances.
The government investigated and monitored prison and detention
center conditions
through the Ministry of Justice.
The government permits human rights monitors to visit the prison;
however, there
were no such visits during the year.
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention
The constitution and law prohibit arbitrary arrest and detention, and
the
government generally observed these prohibitions.
Role of the Police and Security Apparatus

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In August, with the formation of the 14th constitutional government in
the
country's history, the national police and immigration service again
were put under
the control of the Ministry of Defense and Public Security. The Ministry
of
Defense and Public Security continues to supervise and control the
military.
Despite increased personnel and trainings offered throughout the
year, the police
remained ineffective and were widely viewed as corrupt. Impunity was
a problem,
and efforts to reform the Criminal Investigation Police, a separate
agency under the
Ministry of Justice, were unsuccessful, primarily due to inadequate
resources.
Arrest Procedures and Treatment While in Detention
The law requires arrest warrants issued by an authorized official to
apprehend
suspects, unless the suspect is caught during the commission of a
crime. The law
requires a determination within 48 hours of the legality of a detention,
and
authorities generally respected this right. Detainees are informed
promptly of
charges against them and are allowed prompt access to family
members. Detainees

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are allowed prompt access to a lawyer and, if indigent, to one
provided by the state.
There was a functioning bail system.
However, severe budgetary constraints continued to result in lengthy
pretrial
detention and greatly hindered investigations in criminal cases.
Inadequate
facilities and a shortage of trained judges and lawyers were additional
factors
leading to lengthy pretrial detention.
According to the director of the Sao Tome prison, 30 percent of the
country's
prisoners were awaiting trial during the year, and approximately 24
pretrial
detainees had been held for more than a year. The majority of
prisoners were
young adults 18 to 30 years old.
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial
The constitution and law provide for an independent judiciary;
however, at times
the judicial system was subject to political influence or manipulation.
Judicial
salaries remained low, and judges reportedly accepted bribes.
Trial Procedures
The constitution provides for the right to a fair public trial by a judge
(juries are

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not used), the right of appeal, the right to legal representation, and, if a
person is
indigent, the right to an attorney provided by the state. Defendants are
presumed
innocent, have the right to confront their accusers, confront witnesses,
access
government evidence, and present evidence and witnesses on their
own behalf.
Political Prisoners and Detainees
There were no reports of political prisoners or detainees.
Civil Judicial Procedures and Remedies
The same courts consider both criminal and civil cases, but different
procedures
are used in civil cases. Plaintiffs may bring lawsuits seeking damages
for, or
cessation of, a human rights violation; there are also administrative
and judicial
remedies for alleged wrongs.
f. Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or
Correspondence
The constitution and law prohibit such actions, and the government
generally
respected these prohibitions.
Section 2 Respect for Civil Liberties, Including:
a. Freedom of Speech and Press

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The constitution and law provide for freedom of speech and of the
press, and the
government generally respected these rights; however, journalists
practiced
self-censorship. The law grants all opposition parties access to the
state-run media,
including a minimum of three minutes per month on television.
Individuals could privately or publicly criticize the government,
including specific
officials, without fear of reprisal. There were no reports of the
government
impeding criticism. Two government-run and seven independent
newspapers and
newsletters were published sporadically, usually on a monthly or
biweekly basis;
resource constraints determined publishing frequency. The
independent media
were active and expressed a wide variety of views without restriction.
International
media operated freely. The government operated television and radio
stations.
Several foreign broadcasters also were rebroadcasted locally.
Internet Freedom
There were no government restrictions on access to the Internet or
reports that the
government monitored e-mail or Internet chat rooms. Individuals and
groups could

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engage in the peaceful expression of views via the Internet, including
by e-mail.
International Telecommunication Union Statistics for 2009 indicate
that 16.4
percent of inhabitants used the Internet. Severe lack of infrastructure,
including
inadequate electricity and communications networks, limited public
access to the
Internet.
Academic Freedom and Cultural Events
There were no government restrictions on academic freedom or
cultural events.
b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association
The constitution and law provide for freedom of peaceful assembly
and association,
and the government generally respected these rights.
c. Freedom of Religion
For a description of religious freedom, please see the Department of
State's 2010
International Religious Freedom Report at www.state.gov/g/drl/irf/rpt/.
d. Freedom of Movement, Internally Displaced Persons, Protection of
Refugees, and Stateless Persons
The constitution and law provide for freedom of movement within the
country,
foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, and the government
generally

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respected these rights. The law does not prohibit forced exile;
however, there were
no reports that the government used it practice.
Protection of Refugees
The law does not specifically provide for the granting of asylum or
refugee status
in accordance with the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of
Refugees and
its 1967 protocol. The government has not established a system for
providing
protection to refugees. In practice the government provided protection
against the
expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or
freedom would be
threatened. During the year there were no known requests for refugee
or asylum
status.
Section 3 Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens to Change
Their
Government
The constitution and law provide citizens the right to change their
government
peacefully, and citizens exercised this right in practice through
periodic and
generally free and fair elections based on universal suffrage.
Elections and Political Participation

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The August legislative elections gave a plurality of seats in the
National Assembly
to the Independent Democratic Action (ADI) party. The ADI
subsequently formed
a government headed by Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada, who took
office on
August 14. International observers deemed the election generally free
and fair.
Local and regional elections were held on July 25. The ADI won
control of two of
six districts in these elections; the principal opposition party, the
Movement for the
Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe, won four districts, and a new
party, Union
for Change and Progress of Principe, won the presidency of the
regional
government in Principe.
Political parties operated without restriction or government
interference.
Women held positions throughout the government, including 11seats
in the 55-seat
National Assembly, one of 13 cabinet positions, one seat on the three-
member
Supreme Court, and two of the 12 judgeships in the circuit courts.
Section 4 Official Corruption and Government Transparency
The law provides criminal penalties for official corruption; however, the

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government did not implement the law effectively, and officials
frequently
engaged in corrupt practices with impunity. The police remained
ineffective and
were widely viewed as corrupt.
The World Bank's 2009 Worldwide Governance Indicators reflected
that
corruption was a serious problem. Public officials were not subject to
financial
disclosure laws.
There are no laws that provide for public access to government
information;
however, there were no reports that the government restricted access
to
information by citizens or noncitizens, including foreign media.
Section 5 Governmental Attitude Regarding International and
Nongovernmental
Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights
In the past a small number of domestic human rights groups generally
operated
without government restriction, investigating and publishing their
findings on
human rights cases. Because of the general respect for human rights,
such groups
generally remained inactive. Government officials generally were
cooperative and
responsive to their views.

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Section 6 Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons
The constitution provides for the equality of all citizens regardless of
gender, race,
social origin or status, political views, creed, philosophical convictions,
disability,
or language; nevertheless, women faced discrimination.
Women
Rape, including spousal rape, is illegal and punishable by two to 12
years'
imprisonment. Rape occurred occasionally, with prosecution most
likely in cases
where there was evidence of violent assault as well as rape or if the
victim was a
minor. However, no statistics on prosecutions were available.
Government family
planning clinics and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) sought to
combat
rape by raising awareness of the problem.
Widespread reports of domestic violence, including rape, against
women continued.
Although women have the right to legal recourse, including against
spouses, many
were reluctant to bring legal action because of the cost and a general
lack of faith
in the legal system to effectively address their concerns. Women were
often

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ignorant of their rights under the law. Tradition inhibited women from
taking
domestic disputes outside the family. The law specifically addresses
domestic
violence cases. If the victim misses fewer than 10 days of work, the
penalty for
assault is six months in prison. If the victim misses 10 to 20 workdays,
the penalty
is one year, and so forth. The law was strictly enforced, but there was
no data on
the number of prosecutions or convictions for domestic violence.
The Office of Women's Affairs and the UN Children's Fund maintained
a
counseling center with a hotline. While the hotline did not receive
many calls due
to unreliable telephone service, the counseling center received
numerous walk-ins.
The law does not prohibit sexual harassment, and it was a problem.
No data was
available on its extent.
The government recognized the right of couples and individuals to
decide freely
and responsibly the number, spacing, and timing of their children.
Health clinics
and local NGOs were permitted to operate freely in disseminating
information on

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family planning under the guidance of the Ministry of Health. There
were no
restrictions on the right to access contraceptives, but they were not
widely used.
Due to a lack of funds, NGOs and the Ministry of Health had
insufficient supplies
of contraceptives, leading to a decrease in availability and use. The
government
provided free childbirth services, but the lack of sufficient doctors
obliged many
women, especially in rural areas, to rely on nurses or midwives during
childbirth,
unless the mother or child suffered more serious health complications.
Pre- and
post-natal care outside of the family is rare. Men and women received
equal access
to diagnosis and treatment for sexually transmitted infections,
including HIV, but
women were more likely than men to seek treatment and refer their
partners.
The constitution stipulates that women and men have equal political,
economic,
and social rights. Women did not experience economic discrimination.
While
many women have access to opportunities in education, business,
and government,
women in general continued to encounter significant societal
discrimination.

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Traditional beliefs left women with most child-rearing responsibilities
and with
less access to education or entry into professions. A high teenage
pregnancy rate
further reduced economic opportunities for women. The Gender
Equality Institute
within the Office of Women's Affairs held numerous seminars and
workshops to
raise awareness of discrimination against women.
Children
Citizenship is acquired either through parents or by being born within
the country.
Either parent, if a citizen, can confer citizenship to a child born outside
the country.
The law requires all children born in the country to be registered in the
hospital
where they are born. If not born in a hospital, the child must be
registered at the
nearest precinct. Failure to register a birth can lead to a fine.
By law education is universal, compulsory through sixth grade, and
tuition-free to
the age of 15 or sixth grade. In practice many rural students stopped
attending
school after the fourth grade. A number of government and donor-
funded programs
operated to improve conditions for children, notably an ongoing
malaria control

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project and a program for acquisition of school and medical
equipment.
Mistreatment of children was not widespread; however, there were
few protections
for orphans and abandoned children.
There were reports of children engaged in prostitution. There is no
statutory rape
law or specific legislation to prohibit child pornography. However, the
government
uses other laws such as kidnapping or unlawful forced labor, as well
as its existing
rape-related laws, to address instances of sexual exploitation of
children.
The Ministry of Labor and Solidarity operated a social services
program that
collected street children in three centers where they attended classes
and received
training. Conditions at the centers were good; however, because of
overcrowding,
some children were returned to their families to sleep at night, and a
few of these
children ran away.
Anti-Semitism
There was no known Jewish community and no reports of anti-Semitic
acts.

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Trafficking in Persons
For information on trafficking in persons, please see the Department
of State’s
annual Trafficking in Persons Report at www.state.gov/g/tip.
Persons with Disabilities
The law does not prohibit discrimination against persons with physical
or mental
disabilities; however, there were no reports of discrimination against
such persons.
The law does not mandate access to buildings, transportation, or
services for
persons with disabilities. Local NGOs that criticized the government in
the past for
not implementing accessibility programs for such persons were not
active during
the year.
Societal Abuses, Discrimination, and Acts of Violence Based on
Sexual
Orientation and Gender Identity
There is no law criminalizing sexual orientation; however, there was
societal
discrimination based on sexual orientation.
Other Societal Violence and Discrimination
Persons with HIV/AIDS were often rejected by their communities and
shunned by

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their families. However, there were no reports that workers were
discriminated
against due to their HIV/AIDS status. As in the previous year, there
were a number
of government-sponsored workshops and awareness campaigns to
reduce such
discrimination. The government also provided free AIDS testing and
distributed
antiretroviral drugs to all recognized patients.
Section 7 Worker Rights
a. The Right of Association
The constitution and law allow workers to form and join unions of their
choice
without previous authorization or excessive requirements, and workers
generally
exercised this right in practice. There were no reliable statistics
regarding the
disposition of the country's workforce.
Only two unions existed in the very small formal wage sector: the
General Union
of Workers and the National Organization of Workers of Sao Tome
and Principe.
Both represented government workers, who constituted the majority of
formal
sector wage earners, and members of farmers' cooperatives. The law
does not
prohibit antiunion discrimination.

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The constitution provides for the freedom to strike, including by
government
employees and other essential workers; however, the laws do not
prohibit
retaliation against strikers. No strikes occurred during the year. The
provisions
regulating strikes require that a majority is needed to call a strike, and
replacement
workers can be hired without consultation with the trade unions to
perform
essential services in the event the enterprise is threatened by a strike.
The law also
requires compulsory arbitration for services, including postal, banking,
and loan
services.
b. The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively
The constitution and law state that workers may organize and bargain
collectively;
however, workers' collective bargaining rights remain relatively weak
due to the
government's role as the principal employer in the formal wage sector
and key
interlocutor for organized labor on all matters, including wages.
There were no laws prohibiting antiunion discrimination; however,
there were no
reports such discrimination occurred.
There are no export processing zones.

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c. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor
The law prohibits forced or compulsory labor, including by children,
and there
were no reports that such practices occurred. There is no evidence or
statistics of
such forced labor.
d. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment
There are laws to protect children from exploitation in the formal
sector workplace,
but they are utilized only rarely and on a case-by-case basis.
Employers in the formal wage sector generally respected the legally
mandated
minimum employment age of 18. The law prohibits minors from
working more
than seven hours a day and 35 hours a week. Children worked in
subsistence
agriculture on farms, informal commerce, and domestic work. Children
in low
income families were sometimes sent to work on local farms and
boarded away
from home. No cases of child labor abuses were prosecuted, although
the law
states that employers of underage workers can be fined. The Ministry
of Health
and Social Affairs is responsible for enforcing child labor laws.
Unlike the previous year, there were no government initiatives taken to
prevent

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child labor; however, a media campaign against it continued. The
Ministry of
Education mandated compulsory school attendance from the fourth to
the sixth
grade, and the government granted some assistance to several low-
income families
to keep their children in school. The Ministry of Labor utilized teams of
labor
inspectors to increase inspections at work sites.
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work
There is no national minimum wage. The legal minimum wage for civil
servants of
750,000 dobras ($42) per month was not sufficient to provide a decent
standard of
living for a worker and family. Working two or more jobs was common.
The labor
law specifies occupations in which civil servants may work if they
pursue a second
job. Civil servants in "strategic sectors," such as the court system, the
ministries of
finance, customs, and education, the Criminal Investigation Police,
and the military,
earned up to 400 percent more than other public sector employees.
Working conditions on many of the cocoa farms – the largest informal
wage sector
– were unregulated and extremely harsh. The average salary for
agricultural

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workers did not provide a decent standard of living for a worker and
family, and
the purchasing power of their pay was further eroded by inflation.
The legal workweek is 40 hours, with 48 consecutive hours mandated
for rest.
However, shopkeepers could work 48 hours a week with eight hours
of overtime or
in shifts. The law provides for compensation for overtime work.
The law prescribes basic occupational health and safety standards;
however, due to
resource constraints, the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Health
and Social
Affairs, which covers labor issues, did not monitor labor conditions
sufficiently,
and enforcement of these standards seldom occurred. Employees
have the right to
leave unsafe working conditions, but none sought to do so, and
enforcement of the
right was very limited.

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SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE POLICE UNFORM

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SAUDI ARABIA

National Central Bureau: Riyadh
The legal system of Saudi Arabia is based on Sharia, Islamic
law derived from the Qur'an and the Sunnah (the traditions) of the
Islamic prophet Muhammad. The sources of Sharia also include
Islamic scholarly consensus developed after Muhammad's death. Its
interpretation by judges in Saudi Arabia is influenced by the 18th
century Wahhabism. Uniquely in the Muslim world, Sharia has been
adopted by Saudi Arabia in an uncodified form. This, and the lack of
judicial precedent, has resulted in considerable uncertainty in the
scope and content of the country's laws. The government therefore
announced its intention to codify Sharia in 2010, and significant
progress has been made with the publication, on January 3, 2018, of a
sourcebook of legal principles and precedents.[1] Sharia has also
been supplemented by regulations (Arabic: "anẓima," although
translated by the Saudi Official Bureau of Translation as "Laws")
issued by royal decree covering modern issues such as intellectual
property and corporate law. Nevertheless, Sharia remains the primary
source of law, especially in areas such as criminal, family, commercial
and contract law, and the Qur'an and the Sunnah are declared to be
the country's constitution. In the areas of land and energy law the
extensive proprietorial rights of the Saudi state (in effect, the Saudi
royal family) constitute a significant feature.

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The current Saudi court system was created by King Abdul Aziz,
who founded the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932, and was
introduced to the country in stages between 1927 and 1960. It
comprises general and summary Sharia courts, with some
administrative tribunals to deal with disputes on specific modern
regulations. Trials in Saudi Arabia are bench trials. Courts in Saudi
Arabia observe few formalities and the country's first criminal
procedure code, issued in 2001, has been largely ignored. King
Abdullah, in 2007, introduced a number of significant judicial reforms,
although they are yet to be fully implemented.
Criminal law punishments in Saudi Arabia include public
beheading, hanging, stoning, amputation and lashing. Serious criminal
offences include not only internationally recognized crimes such as
murder, rape, theft and robbery, but also apostasy, adultery, witchcraft
and sorcery. In addition to the regular police force, Saudi Arabia has a
secret police, the Mabahith, and "religious police", the Mutawa. The
latter enforces Islamic social and moral norms, but their powers have
greatly been restricted over the last few years. Western-based human
rights organizations, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights
Watch, have criticized the activities of both the Mabahith and the
Mutawa, as well as a number of other aspects of human rights in
Saudi Arabia. These include the number of executions, the range of
offences which are subject to the death penalty, the lack of safeguards
for the accused in the criminal justice system, the treatment of
homosexuals, the use of torture, the lack of religious freedom, and the
highly disadvantaged position of women. The Albert Shanker Institute
and Freedom House have also reported that "Saudi Arabia's practices
diverge from the concept of the rule of law."

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SAUDI ARABIA POLICE UNIFORM

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SENEGAL
Region: Africa
National Central Bureau: Dakar
The National Police are the main
counterterrorism enforcers in Senegal, with the assistance of the
gendarmerie. The police carry out investigations for terrorism related
crimes, as well as carry out everyday counterterrorism activities such
as stop and searches, and surveillance.
The counterterrorism unit of the national intelligence services
assists with surveillance and investigations.
The police have an anti-terrorist unit, designed to respond to
terrorism incidents and capture terrorists. Police presence in public
areas has also been increased to provide greater security in these
areas.
SENEGAL NATIONAL POLICE UNIFORM

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SERBIA
Region: Europe
National Central Bureau: Beograd
The Police of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Полиција Србије),
formally the Police of the Republic of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic:
Полиција Републике Србије), commonly abbreviated to Serbian
Police (Serbian Cyrillic: Српска полиција), is the civilian police force
of Serbia. The Serbian Police is responsible for all local and national
law enforcement. It is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs. The General Police Directorate of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs has 15 organizational units and 27 Regional Police
Directorates. Organization
The Ministry's General Police Directorate operates five separate
departments, the:
o Department for Organization, Prevention and Community
Policing,
o Department for Public Peace and Order and Other Police Affairs,
o Department for Special Actions, Intervention Police Formation,
Defense Preparations and Reserve Preparation,
o Department for Control of Legitimacy of Work, and
o Department for Staffing, Improvement and Police Equipping.
There are 161 local police stations across the country, 62 border
patrol stations and 49 traffic police stations.[1] As of August 2016, the

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Serbian Police has a total of 28,266 of uniformed officers, while a total
of 42,817 are employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.[2] Of those,
70.2% have secondary education, while 27.8% have higher or high
education.[2]
Special units
 Gendarmery
 Special Anti-Terrorist Unit (SAJ)
 Helicopter unit
Education and training
The law enforcement education in Serbia, is provided through the
Basic Police Training Centre and the Criminal and Police Academy's.
Within the Training Centre there are local educational centres in:
Makiš, Belgrade, Kula, Klisa, Petrovo Selo, Jasenovo, Mitrovo Polje
and Kuršumlijska Banja.[1]
Type of vehicles
This is a list of vehicles used by Serbian Police:
 BMW F10  Zastava Skala
 Fiat Ducato  Zastava 750
 Fiat Grande Punto  Armored Vehicles
 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter  BOV (APC) - 19+ [3]
 Mitsubishi Outlander  BOV M11 - 12
 Mitsubishi ASX  BOV-3 - 2+
 Peugeot 307  BOV M16 Milos - 2+
 Peugeot 308  Lazar 3 - 12
 Peugeot Boxer  Land Rover Defender Armored
 Volkswagen Golf Mk6  TAM 110 T7 B/BVRis
 Volkswagen Polo  Rotorcraft
 Volkswagen Polo Mk5  Bell 206 - 8
 Škoda Rapid  Bell 212 - 3 (phasing out by 2019)
 Škoda Octavia Mk3 Facelift  Aérospatiale Gazelle - 10
 Zastava Florida  Sikorsky S-76 - 1
 Zastava Koral  Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma - 3
 Zastava Rival on order in 2018.

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SERBIAN POLICE UNIFORM

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SEYCHELLES
Region: Africa
National Central Bureau: Victoria
Roles and Function
About the Seychelles Police

Our Mission
Prevent anything that may threaten the safety or security of any
community; Investigate any crimes that threaten the safety and
security of any community; Ensure criminals are brought to justice;
and Participate in endeavours to address the root cause of crime.
Our Core-Values
Protect everyone’s rights and to be impartial, respectful, open and
accountable to the community; Use the powers given to us in a
responsible way; Provide a responsible, effective and high quality
service with honesty and integrity; Evaluate our service continuously
and make every effort to improve on it; Use our resources in the best
way possible; Develop the skills of all members through equal
opportunity; and Co-operate with the community, all levels of
Government and other role players
Our Vision
Create a safe and secure environment for all people DETECTIVE
SERVICES

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Conduct investigations to prevent crimes or solve criminal cases.
Priority Crime Unit

Responsible for the investigation of national priority crimes or
serious crimes.
Commercial crime Unit
Investigate financial crimes
Child Protection Unit
Investigate offences against children under the age of 15 years
and where appropriate, prosecute offenders.
Tracking Team
Responsible for tracing and arrest of known wanted suspect.
Administration
Statistics unit- gathering, compiling and analyzing of crime
statistics.
Summons unit-record keeping and dispatching of summonses

and warrants to appropriate stations to be served.
Exhibit-responsible for the overall control, custody, release or
other disposition of property taken into possession by the Police.
AG liaison- liaising with the Judiciary.
Scientific Support and Criminal Record Bureau
Scientific Support: Examine forensic evidence collected at the
scene of a crime, fatality or incident to help piece together what
happened.

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Criminal Record Bureau: Keep record of the criminal background
of people.
SEYCHELLES POLICE ACADEMY
Responsible for the training, education and career development
of all Police Officers and administrative staff.
LEGAL SERVICES
Provide legal advice and services to the organization and its
employees.
INTERPOL
Enable police around the world to work together to make the
world a safer place.
CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE
The Criminal Intelligence Unit functions to collect, store, assess,
and disseminate criminal intelligence information using established
criteria that provides for the legitimate needs of law enforcement. They
gather intelligence for the purpose of identifying criminal patterns or
trend development, identification of suspects and criminal enterprises,
and to identify officer safety issues.
Responsible for managing information-gathering and centralised
intelligence management, co-ordination and analysis. It also gives
technical intelligence support to the operational components of crime
intelligence and, where necessary, to other operational divisions.
COUNTER TERRORISM UNIT
Incorporates practice and strategy to combat or prevent
terrorism.
VISIBLE POLICING

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Responsible for combating crime through crime operations,
police-station activities and high visibility, and the availability of police
officials at grassroots level.
Stations
Safeguarding the community by preventing and combatting
crime, attending to complaints and emergency calls from the public.
Communication and Command Centre
Responsible for receiving and transmitting pure and reliable
messages, tracking vehicles and equipment, and recording other
important information. To relay information and coordinate their
operations.
Traffic Section
The purpose of the Traffic Officer Service is to undertake general
traffic and road management task.
Corporate image
It is a primary task to maintain and build this identity to accord
with and facilitate the police for objectives. It is typically visually
manifested by way of branding and the use of trademarks but also
includes things like product design, advertising, public relations and
the like.
Internal Affairs
Investigates incidents and possible suspicions of law-breaking
and professional misconduct attributed to officers on the force. Internal
affairs can also refer to cases of misconduct and criminal behavior
involving police officers.
Inspectorate unit

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Provide an inspection service the quality of policing, by
improving the quality of the police self-evaluation processes and by
setting standards to enhance the quality of Policing in Seychelles.
Inspect all stations and units against established standards and
performance indicators and report for monitoring, support and follow-
up actions.
Operational Coordination Unit
Mobilizing resources and coordinate big events and cross-station
operation.
ANTI-NARCOTIC BUREAU
Fight drug trafficking and the abuse of illegal substances.
RESPONSE SERVICES
Public Order & Tactical Response Unit
Conduct high profile and visible patrols
Provide immediate response to serious incidents
Maintaining a full time Tactical and Rescue response team
Provide assistance to other stations
Provide response to public disorder incidents
Static
Conduct regular and thorough security patrols
Provide static and mobile protection for VIPs
Provide escorts for prisoners and dangerous offenders
DOG UNIT

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They patrol the streets and provide assistance in searching for
drugs and explosives, locating missing people and finding crime scene
evidence.
MARINE POLICE
Responsible for ensuring the safety of water users, enforcing
laws relating to water traffic, preventing crime on vessels, banks and
shores, providing search and rescue services, and allowing the police
to reach locations not easily accessible from land. They may also be
responsible for coastal security, conservation, immigration and
smuggling patrols, and diving search operations
HR & BUDGET MANAGMENT
Human Resource
Its main objective is to meet the organizational needs of the
police and the needs of the officers hired by the police.
Personnel Administration
Provide advice, services and functional guidance which will
enable management to deal effectively with all matters concerning the
employment of people and the relationships between the management
of the organization, the people and the employees.
Transport Section
Manage the Police Vehicle fleet.
Health & Safety

Conducting research and dealing with occupational health,
safety and welfare of the Seychelles police force employees.
Project Manager

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Responsible for the successful initiation, planning, design,
execution, monitoring, controlling and closure of infrastructure’s
projects in the police.
ICT
Responsible for strategic planning, development, deployment
and maintenance of all technology within the force.
SEYCHELLES POLICE UNIFORM

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Sierra Leone
Region: Africa
National Central Bureau: Freetown
The Sierra Leone Police (SLP) is the national police force of the
Republic of Sierra Leone, that is primarily responsible for law
enforcement and crime investigation throughout Sierra Leone. The
Sierra Leone Police is part undet the jurisdiction of the Sierra Leone
Ministry of Internal Affairs, a cabinet ministry in the Government of
Sierra Leone.
The Sierra Leone Police is headed by the Inspector General of
police (IGP), who is the overall head of the police force. The Inspector
General of Police is appointed by the president of Sierra Leone, and
the president has the constitutional authority to fire the Inspector
General of Police at any time.
The current Inspector General of the Sierra Leone Police is Dr
Richard Moigbe, who was promoted from Deputy Inspector general of
Police, a position he held since 2010, to Inspect General of Police on
November 30, 2017 by President Ernest Bai Koroma[2] Moigbe
succeeded Francis Munu who had been the Inspector General of the
Sierra Leone Police since 2010, until he was removed as Inspector
General of the Sierra Leone Police on November 30, 2017 by

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President Koroma, and is now the Sierra Leone Ambassador to
Liberia.
The Sierra Leone Police was established by the British colony
back in 1894 and is one of the oldest police forces in West Africa.
Departments
The Sierra Leone Police is divided into the following
departments:
o Criminal Investigation Department (CID) is primarily responsible

for investigating major crimes
o Operational Support Division (OSD) this unit supports the
general duties police and is trained to perform high-risk duties
including to control riots, and violence protest.
o Traffic police Unit primarily responsible for enforcing traffic safety
and control the movement of traffic in all highways and major
traffic crossings across Sierra Leone.
o Media and Public Relation Unit responsible for the collection and
release of police activities to the public and media.
o Legal and Justice Department responsible of prosecuting civil
and criminal cases to court.
o Human Resource Department deals with the welfare, salaries,
employments, promotions, benefits and transfers of police
officers.
o Community Relations Department (CRD) established to build a
working relationship between the police and the public.
o Complaint Discipline Internal Investigation Department (CDID)
They receive confidential complaints from public on police
activities, and police misconduct.
o Precious Mineral Department responsible of protecting and
investigating all act related to the country's mineral resources.

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They work closely with the Sierra Leone ministry of mines and
natural resources.
o Interpol Department investigate criminal affairs link to other
countries.
o Family Support Unit (FSU) handles domestic and family issues.
SIERRA LEONE POLICE UNIFORM

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SINGAPORE

NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAU:
SINGAPORE
Law enforcement in Singapore comes under a number of
law enforcement agencies, led by the Singapore Police Force as the
national police agency. Assisting the police are a range of
governmental and private sector organisations and companies that
engage in specialised roles and allow the police to concentrate on
their main public policing roles. In addition, the strong emphasis on
community policing since the 1980s has attempted to promote a
culture in which civilians can partake and contribute directly in law
enforcement efforts.
Singapore Police Force
The Singapore Police Force is the main government agency
tasked with maintaining law and order in the city-state.[1] The
organisation structure of the SPF is split between the staff and line
functions, roughly modelled after the military. There are currently 17
staff departments, 3 specialist staff departments and 16 specialist and
line units. The headquarters is located in a block at New Phoenix Park
in Novena, adjacent to a twin block occupied by the Ministry of Home
Affairs.

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Auxiliary police forces
Singapore also makes use of auxiliary police forces, private
companies with auxiliary police officers granted police-like powers and
law enforcement authority, and are typically employed for
infrastructure security and cash-in-transit protection. There are
currently five auxiliary police forces in Singapore:[2]
o Aetos Auxiliary Police Force (part of Aetos Security

Management)
o Certis CISCO Auxiliary Police Force (part of Certis Group)
o Installations Auxiliary Police Force
o Pulau Bukom Auxiliary Police Force
o SATS Auxiliary Police Force (part of SATS Security Services)
Agencies
Apart from the Singapore Police Force, other government
agencies that also enforce specific laws are as follows:
Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau
The Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) is a
government agency in Singapore which investigates and prosecutes
corruption in the public and private sectors. Although the primary
function is to investigate corruption, it is empowered to investigate
other criminal cases in which corruption may be involved.
Under the purview of the Prime Minister's Office, the CPIB is
headed by a director who reports directly to the Prime Minister. The
CPIB is therefore independent from the Singapore Police Force and
other government agencies to prevent any undue interference in its
investigations.

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Immigration and Checkpoints Authority
The ICA is in charge of immigration, Singapore passports,
identity cards, Citizen Registration (Birth and Death), permanent
residents services, customs, issuing permits to foreigners such as visit
pass, visas and student passes.
The ICA is also in charge of enforcing immigration and visa
laws. It ensures that the movement of people, goods and
conveyances through the checkpoints is in accordance with
regulations imposed by the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is in charge of
birth and death registrations. The organisation was formed on 1 April
2003 with the merger of Singapore Immigration and Registration and
the border control functions of Customs and Excise Department.
Internal Security Department
The Internal Security Department (Abbreviation: ISD) is a
domestic intelligence agency of the Ministry of Home Affairs of
Singapore. It was formerly part of the Ministry of Interior and Defence
until it was split on 11 August 1970. It has the utmost right to detain
without trial individuals suspected to be a threat to national security.
The stated mission is to confront and address security threats,
including foreign subversion and espionage. The ISD also monitors
and addresses the prevention of racial tension which might affect the
public peace, surveillance, apprehension of militants and protection of
Singapore's national borders.
Singapore Customs
Singapore Customs takes care of the following:
o collection of customs revenue;
o protection of customs revenue by preventing the evasion of
duties and taxes;

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o provision of one-stop solutions for trade and customs matters,
such as issuance of permits, licences and Certificates of Origin,
and provision of classification and valuation advice;
o facilitation of trade through simplification of customs procedures
and administration of tax suspension schemes;
o enforcement of trade requirements under the respective Free
Trade Agreements (FTAs);
o regulation of trade in strategic goods and strategic goods
technology; and
o enforcement against the illegal buying and selling of duty-unpaid
cigarettes.
SINGAPORE POLICE UNIFORM

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SINT MAARTEN
Region: Americas
National Central Bureau: Philipsburg
The Dutch Caribbean Police Force (Dutch: Korps Politie Caribisch

Nederland or KPCN) is the law enforcement agency of the Caribbean
Netherlands.
Authority
The force operates under the authority of the Ministry of Security and
Justice. While maintaining public order and carrying out relief work,
under the authority of the Island Governor of the relevant public body.
During the investigation of criminal offenses the police force operates
under the authority of the joint Attorney General of Curaçao, Sint
Maarten and the Caribbean Netherlands.
Management
Korpschef: Jose Rosales[3][4]
Director General of Police at the Ministry of Security and Justice: A.
(Sandor) F. Gaastra[5]
Force manager: Ard van der Steur
Chief Prosecutor: Henry Hambeukers[6]

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The Director General of Police at the Ministry of Security and Justice
has a mandate to fulfill certain administrative tasks such as
appointment, promotion, suspension and dismissal of police officers.
Organization
Most of the employees works on Bonaire. These are distributed
between headquarters in Kralendijk and the stations in Ambonia and
in Rincon. On St. Eustatius there is one police station in Oranjestad
and on Saba there is one police station in The Bottom and one in
Windwardside. The force is organized into four divisions:
Basic Police Care;
Investigation;
Intake, Information and Operational Support;
Operations and Staff, headed by the office of the Commissioner
(Dutch: Korpschef)
THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN POLICE FORCE UNIFORM

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SINGAPORE
REGION: EUROPE
BRATISLAVA
MEMBER SINCE: 29 SEPTEMBER
1993
The Slovak Police Force (SPF) officially Police Force of the
Slovak Republic (Slovak: Policajný zbor Slovenskej republiky) is the
national police force of Slovakia.
The Force is part of and extremely active in both Europol and
Interpol. In the recent years the force has been involved in
international crime much more than years past.[2]
Along with serving in Slovakia, the Force along with the
Customs Administration of the Slovak Republic has been active in
neighbouring European countries as well, including Austria, Hungary
and Poland.
Vehicles
Slovakia police car.JPG
Mounted police in Bratislava
The SPF operated the following fleet of vehicles:
 Kia Ceed  SEAT Leon
 Nissan X-Trail T30  Škoda Fabia
 Nissan X-Trail T31  Volkswagen Golf
 Nissan X-Trail T32  Volkswagen Touareg
 Peugeot 307

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Weapons
 A Glock 17
 Benelli M3
 CZ 82
 CZ 75
 Glock 17
 Škorpion 61
Heckler & Koch MP5

Uniform
An Officer on duty
Typical SPF uniforms consist of a black or dark green baray. The vest,
shirt or jacket will have Polícia scripted on the reverse. A tactical belt
and black slacks follow. Black combat boots or shoes depending on
region or rank.
Weather also plays a key role, officers typically opt for short sleeves in
summer and spring and long sleeve or jackets during the winter
months. Uniforms are typically unisex and do not vary from male to
female.
THE SLOVAK POLICE FORCE UNIFORM

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SLOVENIA
REGION: EUROPE
LJUBLJANA
MEMBER SINCE: 10 NOVEMBER 1992
Law enforcement in Slovenia is governed by the Slovenian

Ministry of Internal Affairs and is the responsibility of the Slovenian
National Police Force, which is composed of the 8 police directorates
in Celje, Koper, Kranj, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova
Gorica, and Novo Mesto. The police force maintains a number of
international partnerships with foreign police forces, including training
with the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, and involvement in
Albania and Kosovo with the Multinational Advisory Police Element.[2]
The Slovenian police force was admitted to Organization for Security
and Co-operation in Europe on 24 March 1992.
Organization
The Slovenian National Police Forceoperates under the
Slovenian Ministry of the Interior at three levels, local, general and
regional, and is headquartered in Ljubljana.[3] Slovenia is divided into
8 police directorates which control 111 police stations, all of which
come under the jurisdiction of the Director General of the Police.[3] In
addition to this regular police force, Slovenia also employs the
Specialna Enota Policije, utilised for Counter-Terrorism and other
high-risk tasks that are too dangerous or too difficult for regular police
units.

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THE SLOVENIAN NATIONAL POLICE UNIFORM

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SOLOMON ISLANDS

NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAU: HONIARA
MEMBER SINCE: 27 SEPTEMBER 2017
The Royal Solomon Islands Police Force

(RSIPF) is the national police force of Solomon Islands and in January
2015 had an establishment of approximately 1,153 officers and 43
police stations across the country.
The Solomon Islands has no military organisation with this
provided in the past by the abolished paramilitary wing of the RSIPF
known as the Police Field Force (later Special Task and Rescue).[3][4]
The Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) is
planned to withdraw in June 2017 handing full control over to the
RSPIF
RSIPF is headed by the Commissioner for Police who report to
the Minister of Police, National Security, Correctional Services.
Historically, several Commissioners have been expatriates under
contract. On 22 December 2006, an Australian Federal Police officer,
Shane Castles, then serving as the Commissioner under a contract
funded by the Australian government was declared by the Solomon
Islands Government to be an "undesirable immigrant" while he was
out of the country and was not allowed to return.[18]
The RSIPF structure includes two Deputy Commissioners. The
Deputy Commissioner Operations manages the portfolios of 'National
Capital and Crime Prevention' and 'Provincial Policing', both of which
are supervised by Assistant Commissioners. The Deputy

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Commissioner National Security and Operations Support managed
the portfolios of 'National Operations' and 'Corporate Support', again
both of which are supervised by Assistant Commissioners.
The RSIPF Police Media Unit reports directly to the Chief of
Staff. The RSIPF website, www.rsipf.gov.sb, was launched on 14
August 2015 and provides a range of information on RSIPF structure
and units, as well as official publications including Annual reports.
The RSIPF Professional Standards and Internal Investigations
Unit monitors police discipline and performance.
The Solomon Islands Government has approved the staged,
limited rearmament of the RSIPF including the Police Response Unit,
Close Personal Protection Unit and Aviation Policing.[19][20]
Under the Police Act 2013, the RSIPF is also responsible for
Fire services and maintains a Fire Service in Honiara and the major
provincial capitals.
The RSIPF Maritime Department provides the RSIPF's
maritime capability and conducts operational patrols and patrols of the
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and Solomon Islands Borders for
fisheries, immigration and national security purposes. RSIPF Maritime
operate the two Pacific-class patrol boats Lata (03) and Auki (04)
supplied by Australia under the Pacific Patrol Boat Program as well as
a range of smaller vessels.
Australia started delivering Guardian class patrol vessels to
replace the Patrol class vessels in 2018.[21] Australia committed to
provide two new vessels to replace the RSIPF vessels. Police
Commissioner Matthew Varley announced, on January 26, 2019, that
expansion of the Police Force's mooring space, to accommodate the
larger Guardian class vessels, would be undertaken in 2019.

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THE ROYAL SOLOMON ISLANDS POLICE FORCE UNIFORM

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SOMALIA
REGION: AFRICA
MOGADISHU
The Somali Police Force (SPF; Somali: Ciidanka Booliska
Soomaaliya (CBS); Arabic: ‫ )الصومالية الشرطة قوة‬is the national police
force and the main civil law enforcement agency of Somalia. As with
most other police forces in the world, its duties include crime fighting,
traffic control, maintaining public safety, and counter-terrorism. It is
under the jurisdiction of the Minister of Public Security.
It served[when?] as one of the principal organs of the Somali
Armed Forces. While organised at a national level, each arm reports
to a county police authority, which in turn divides its force by local
Police Divisions, headquartered at local police stations; the police
force was later reconstituted at the start of the 21st century.
In an emergency, the police can be reached by dialing 888
from any telephone in Somalia.
In 1884 the British formed an armed constabulary to police the
northern coast. In 1910 the British created the Somali Coastal Police,
and in 1912 they established the Somali Camel Constabulary to police
the interior. In 1926 the colonial authorities formed the Somali Police
Force. Commanded by British officers, the force included Somalis in
its lower ranks. Armed rural constabulary (XirXiran) supported this

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force by bringing offenders to court, guarding prisoners, patrolling
townships, and accompanying nomadic tribesmen over grazing areas.
In 1960, the British Somali Scouts joined with the (Police
Corps of Somalia) (1910–1960) to form a new Somali Police Force,
which consisted of about 3,700 men. The authorities also organized
approximately 1,000 the force as the Daraawishta Booliska, a mobile
group used to keep peace between warring clans in the interior. Until
1991, the government considered the SPF a part of the armed
forces.[3] In its inception in 1960, Mohamed Abshir Muse became the
first commander of the police force.
The late President of Somalia Siad Barre was among the
senior officers and commanders formed under the colonial forces who
led the Somali Police Force and Somali National Army after
independence in 1960.
Until its dissolution in 1976, the Ministry of Interior oversaw the
Force's national commandant and his central command. After that
date, the SPF came under the control of the presidential adviser on
security affairs.
THE SOMALI POLICE FORCE UNIFORM

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SOUTH AFRICA
REGION: AFRICA
PRETORIA
MEMBER SINCE: 29 SEPTEMBER
1993
The South African Police Service (SAPS) is the national police
force of the Republic of South Africa. Its 1,138 police stations in South
Africa are divided according to the provincial borders, and a Provincial
Commissioner is appointed in each province. The nine Provincial
Commissioners report directly to the National Commissioner. The
head office is in the Wachthuis Building in Pretoria.
The Constitution of South Africa lays down that the South African
Police Service has a responsibility to prevent, combat and investigate
crime, maintain public order, protect and secure the inhabitants of the
Republic and their property, uphold and enforce the law, create a safe
and secure environment for all people in South Africa, prevent
anything that may threaten the safety or security of any community,
investigate any crimes that threaten the safety or security of any
community, ensure criminals are brought to justice and participate in
efforts to address the causes of crime.
Amnesty International and others have expressed serious
concerns about South African police brutality, including torture and
extrajudicial killings

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SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE UNIFORM

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SOUTH SUDAN
REGION: AFRICA
NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAU: JUBA
The International Police is a functional organization made up of
police officers from all over the world, serving mostly under the
direction of the United Nations, to help train, recruit, and field police
forces in war torn countries. The force is usually deployed into a war
torn country initially acting as the police, and bringing order. In the
process, they recruit and train a local police force, which eventually
takes on the responsibilities of enforcing the law and maintaining
order, whereas the International Police then take on a supporting role.
To date, International Police forces have been deployed to East
Timor, Haiti, Kosovo, Bosnia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Sudan, Liberia,
Croatia, and Macedonia, among others.
SOUTH SUDAN POLICE UNFORM

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ST KITTS & NEVIS
REGION: AMERICAS
BASSETERRE
MEMBER SINCE: 23 NOVEMBER 1987
The Saint Kitts and Nevis Defence Force is the military of
Saint Kitts and Nevis. It currently consists of an infantry unit (the St.
Kitts Nevis Regiment) and a maritime unit (the St. Kitts Nevis Coast
Guard). Both units having regular and reserve elements, all under the
command Force Headquarters (FHQ, SKNDF). The current
Commander of the SKNDF is Major J. Anthony Comrie[1]. The
SKNDF has an active force of 300 personnel with a corps of 150
cadets.
History
The SKNDF was originally formed as a volunteer unit in 1896 in
response to riots in several sugar plantations. The regular defence
force did not come into being however until 1967, when it was decided
that a regular army was needed following public disturbances on the
island of Anguilla, which was attempting to secede from its federation
with Saint Kitts and Nevis, and the determination that the existing
volunteer force was not adequately trained to deal with the situation.
The first Defence's manpower came from the Royal St.
Christopher and Nevis Police Force's Tactical Unit and the Special
Service Unit.

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The forming of the regular defence force was a major policy of the
ruling Labour Party, and was adamantly opposed by the opposition
People's Action Movement (PAM). When the PAM came to power in
1980, they made the decision to disband the regular force, leaving
only the reserve. The election of Denzil Douglas in 1995 saw the new
government reform the regulars.
THE SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS DEFENCE FORCE UNIFORM

MEMBER COUNTRIES
ST LUCIA
REGION: AMERICAS
CASTRIES
Law enforcement in Saint Lucia is the responsibility of the
Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (RSLPF),[1] which was founded in
1834.
The Commissioner of Police is Severin Moncherry, who
commands 957 police officers and civilian employees, in 14 police
stations, who serve a resident population of 175,000. Each
department or station is headed by a Superintendent of Police and an
Assistant Superintendent of Police.
The RSLPF maintains two paramilitary sub organizations; the
Special Service Unit, and the Coast Guard, both units are responsible
for internal security. Defense is the responsibility of Regional Security
System. There is only one non-policing organization under the
command of the RSLPF, the Immigration Service.
2015 the Saint Lucia police stated that they were under-
resourced, with not enough police officers to keep up with the crime
case load.
Alleged Human Rights Abuse Conspiracy
The Saint Lucia police have been accused of keeping death lists
and carrying out extrajudicial killings of suspected criminals in an
attempt to make St Lucia more attractive to tourists.[10] Shootings by

MEMBER COUNTRIES
police took place in 2010 and 2011 during a security drive called
Operation Restore Confidence, which was aimed at reducing violent
crime and boosting tourism following the murder of a British tourist.
A report by independent investigators from the Jamaica
Constabulary Force in 2015 claimed that officers from the Royal St.
Lucia Police Force staged a dozen killings of suspected criminals.[10]
The police then reported the killings as murders committed by
unknown assailants, planting weapons at the scene.[10] In August
2013 the US government suspended assistance to the Saint Lucia
police in light of rumours of the extrajudicial killings.
ROYAL ST. LUCIA POLICE FORCE UNIFORM

MEMBER COUNTRIES
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines
Region: Americas
National Central Bureau: Kingstown
Law enforcement in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is the
responsibility of the Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police
Force (RSVGPF), which was founded in 1999. The Commissioner of
Police is Colin John, who commands 691 police officers and civilian
employees, in 23 police stations, who serve a resident population of
109,000.
The RSVGPF maintain two paramilitary forces the Special
Service Unit, and the Coast Guard, both units are responsible for
internal security. Defense is the responsibility of Regional Security
System. There is also one non-policing organization under the
command of the RSVGPF the Fire Brigade, which is currently directed
by Inspector Joseph Jack
SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES POLICE UNIFORM

MEMBER COUNTRIES
REFERNCES.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Oman_Police https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_
Poland
https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
countries/Asia-South-Pacific/OMAN https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
countries/Europe/PORTUGAL
countries/Asia-South-Pacific/PAKISTAN https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_
Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_
Pakistan https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
countries/Asia-South-Pacific/QATAR
https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/pakistan/igp-
orders-changes-in-punjab-police-uniform/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_
Qatar
https://www.interpol.int/Who-we-are/Member-
countries/Americas/PANAMA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Police
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamanian_Public_F https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
orces countries/Europe/RUSSIA
https://www.interpol.int/Who-we-are/Member- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Police
countries/Americas/PANAMA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Papua_New_Gu countries/Europe/RUSSIA
inea_Constabulary
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_of_Russia
https://www.interpol.int/Who-we-are/Member- https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
countries/Asia-South-Pacific/PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA countries/Africa/RWANDA
https://www.interpol.int/Who-we-are/Member- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda_National_Poli
countries/Americas/PARAGUAY ce
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Police_of_Pa https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
raguay countries/Asia-South-Pacific/SAMOA
https://www.interpol.int/Who-we-are/Member- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_
countries/Americas/PERU Samoa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_ https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
Peru countries/Europe/SAN-MARINO
https://www.interpol.int/Who-we-are/Member- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_
countries/Asia-South-Pacific/PHILIPPINES San_Marino
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_National_P https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
olice countries/Africa/SAO-TOME-PRINCIPE
https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member- https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/160
countries/Europe/POLAND 140.pdf

MEMBER COUNTRIES
https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member- https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
countries/Asia-South-Pacific/SAUDI-ARABIA countries/Europe/SLOVAKIA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_system_of_Saud https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
i_Arabia countries/Europe/SLOVENIA
https://aoav.org.uk/2016/national-police-senegal/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_
Slovenia
countries/Africa/SENEGAL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Solomon_Island
s_Police_Force
countries/Europe/SERBIA https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
countries/Asia-South-Pacific/SOLOMON-ISLANDS
Serbia https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
countries/Africa/SOMALIA
countries/Africa/SEYCHELLES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Police_Force
https://www.police.gov.sc/about-us/roles-and- https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
function countries/Africa/SOUTH-SUDAN-Rep.of
https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member- https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
countries/Africa/SIERRA-LEONE countries/Africa/SOUTH-AFRICA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Police https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
countries/Americas/ST-KITTS-NEVIS
countries/Asia-South-Pacific/SINGAPORE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis
_Defence_Force
Singapore https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
countries/Americas/ST-LUCIA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean_Poli
ce_Force https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_
Saint_Lucia
countries/Asia-South-Pacific/SINGAPORE https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-
countries/Americas/ST-VINCENT-GRENADINES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_Police_Force
Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines

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INTERNATION POLICE ORGANIZATION

Region: Asia / South Pacific

The Royal Oman Police (ROP), also known as Oman Police

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

ROYAL OMAN POLICE UNIFORM

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

Region: Asia / South Pacific

The law enforcement agencies are also involved in providing first

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

Designations of PSP officers

Grade Police Ranks Directorial/Secretarial

 Assistant  Assistant Director,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

The Panamanian Public Forces (Spanish: Fuerza Pública de la

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

Due to the political turmoil of the late 1980s, he formed the

Panamanian Public Forces

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

US Navy 080813-N-6266K-036 American and Panamanian

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

The main crime challenges Panamanian law enforcement faces

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

REGION: ASIA / SOUTH PACIFIC

The Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC) is a

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

The National Police of Paraguay (Spanish: Policía Nacional del

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

The international characteristics of these crime types and their

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PARAGUAY NATIONAL POLICE UNIFORM

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

Law enforcement in Peru is divided into a national police force

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

Former Peruvian police forces

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

Region: Asia / South Pacific

The Philippine National Police (Filipino: Pambansang Pulisya

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE UNIFORM

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

To boost national security and investigations for national law

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PREPARED BY: RUIZ JOSE PAULO G,

PORTUGAL POLICE UNIFORM