HII!!

  
 
​Pwede kaya ito for intro? (​https://prezi.com/wgtnma4k7sfx/la-solidaridad/​) 
 
La Solidaridad (​http://msc.edu.ph/centennial/solidaridad.html​)  
● Political propaganda paper with a liberal, reformist orientation dedicated to the task of 
fighting reaction in all its forms.  
● It was founded on February 15, 1889 and existed up to November 15, 1895 
● The first principal editor of this paper was Graciano Lopez-Jaena  
 
A. La Solidaridad desires to: (Under Jaena) 
● Have Filipino representatives in the C
​ ortes 

● Abolish the censure 

● Prohibit the inexplicable exile of locals by administrative orders without a writ 

of execution from the courts of justice. 
 
B. However after Graciano Lopez Jaena's reign as the chief editor, the desire of the 
newspaper (now under Marcelo H. Del Pilar) changed into: 
● Make the Philippines a province of Spain 

● Replace Spanish priests with local (Filipino) priests. 

● Achieve a freedom of assembly and speech 

● Be equally treated in the law (for both Filipino and Spanish plaintiffs) 

 
Aims 
- To work peacefully for political and social reforms 
- To portray the deplorable conditions of the PHL so that Spain may remedy them 
- To oppose the evil forces of reaction anf medievalism 
- To advocate liberal ideas and progress 
- To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people to life, democracy, and 
happiness. 
- To discuss all problems relating to the general i​ n
​ terest of the nation and seek solutions 
to those problems in high-level and democratic manner.  
 
 
ARTICLE 1. 
 
POLITICAL TRENDS EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN 
POLITICS 
 
A. European politics 
 
● Political stability is vulnerable in European states 
● It is divided into states (France, Germany, Austria, Spain, and Italy 
● ) and doesn’t have unity 
● Those who the reins of power does not think the welfare of their states and their 
attention focuses only on the petty and trivial not on the great issue that affect 
their states 
● Its government characterized as particularism and indiviualism 
 
B. American Politics 
 
● The american politics have stability 
● The government strengthen their people and unite with a common goal 
 
[pages 9 (second half lang), 11, 13, 15, 17] 
[kahit yung mga naka-bold nalang po yung isama sa ppt, thank uuu] 
 
THE TEACHING OF THE SPANISH IN THE PHILIPPINES 
Royal decree whereby the Minister of Colonies recommends to the Governor-General of the 
Philippines the necessity and urgency of stimulating the spread of Spanish language 
  
Filipino people looked forward to the time when they can voice their needs directly, and 
without the intervention of others. 
Knowing the Spanish language is a distinct achievement 
-​ ​Being not able to answer the officers (in some extent) is disgraceful 

Primary education, limited only to the basics 

Under the direct supervision of parish priests (friars) 
-​ ​Except for Manila, which are under the City Government, all those in the archipelago 

-​ ​No enforcing law to regulate and determine the powers of the friars 

-​ ​Teachers meager monthly salary depends in how the sovereign is inclined to the act of 

consideration 
Primary education in the country has no academic value 
-​ ​It is useless to invalidate exams made in the dialect of the islands 
-​ ​Passing primary schooling is unnecessary to proceed to the secondary school 
-​ ​Examinations in local dialects are not checked because, among other reasons, the 

examiners ignore them 

Declaring the person who tries to learn Spanish in the Philippines as enemy of the Spain, a 
filibusterer, a heretic and a renegade 
-​ ​What would give positive result: loyal and sincere cooperation of those who give permits to 

teach those who give or deny morsels to the teahers 

-​ ​Teachers who teaches tutta de concientia shall eat, who does not shall find penance for his 

sin 
-​ ​Inspire them to disseminate Spanish in the Philippines, desire to agree and favour the direct 

intercourse between the rulers and the rules 

-​ ​Desire to give up their positions as intermediaries between one and the other 

-​ ​To inspire them finally to give up this position where they are masters in terrifying the 

people by threats of the government tyranny and in terrifying the government by threats of 
rebellion of the people 
 
 
 
 
  
ECHOES FROM THE COLONIES (LOVE OF SPAIN) 
Last mail from Manila: 
“According to our information, it seems that establishment of a Spanish school in Malolos will 
soon become a fact. In it lessons will be given to women by a teacher who upon the 
recommendation of the provincial governor will be assigned by the corresponding office.” 
On December 12, 1888 young women of Malolos wrote a petition letter to Gov. Valeriano 
Weyler for a night school 
-​ w
​ ith the help of Don Manuel Becerra 

-​ F​ ilipino people do not wish to be left behind in the march of progress when even 

the women ask for education, enlightenment and instructions 

-​ P ​ resented this personally upon the visit of Weyler 

Teodoro Sandico and Graciano Reyes 

-​ T ​ eachers of first and second years with academic degrees nut receiving no 

salaries 
-​ A ​ pproached the civil gov of Bulacan to express their wish to cooperate with the 

plans of the government 

-​ F ​ or the purpose, they asked permission to open night schools for adults of both 

sexes 
Curriculum 
1.  Teaching of Spanish by the conversational method 
2.  Elementary Spanish grammar 
3.  Principles and exercises in arithmetic 
4.  Writing 
5.  Elementary Geography 
6.  Some facts about Spanish history in general 
7.  Athletics 
Permit had been denied because it was thought that the school would be a threat to no less 
than the integrity of Spain 
-​ I​ gnorance of the fair-half of humanity is a predominant factor which promotes 
fanaticism and disobedience of people, thus retarding education, progress and 
the advancement of people 
Proponents of status quo in Philippines try by whatever means they have within their reach to 
hold the Filipino women down in the deep abyss of ignorance 
now exciting her imagination within fantastic stories and superstitions which only encourage 
hypnotized and lethargic fantasies, cultivating and educations her heart in incomprehensible 
fears without foundation, and training it to make conscience slave to those ideas 
General Weyler believes… 
1.  that women’s influence is everything in society, and 
2.  that democracy has not been disseminated in vain all these years 
He favored the petition and solved satisfactorily the questions of night schools for the fair 
exponent 

● Cecilia Tiongson, 
● Merced Tiongson, 
● Aleja Tiongson, 
● Agapita Tiongson, 
● Filomena Tiongson, 
● Paz Tiongson, 
● Feliciana Tiongson, 
● Anastacia Tiongson, 
● Emilia Tiongson, 
● Basilia Tantoco, 
● Teresa Tantoco, 
● Maria Tantoco, 
● Rufina Reyes, 
● Leoncia Reyes, 
● Olimpia Reyes, 
● Juana Reyes, 
● Elisea Reyes, and 
● Alberta Ui-Tangcoy 

-​ w
​ omen raised from well-to-do family: Tiongson, Tantocos, Reyes, Santos, 

Ui-Tangcoy 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
page 19 onwards :) 
 
OFFICIAL SECTION: ​Gaceta de Madrid​, Feburary 3, 1889, Colonial Minisry 
Implant the blessing of civilization to those provinces with rich Philippine Archipelago. 
- make these provinces equal to the peninsular provinces 
- unite them for the common good 
One primary way to achieve a patriotic end is to diffuse the Spanish Language among 
the people but, favorable results was not attained due to the orders not being carriend out 
properly. 
Decree of the Central Government (1883) 
- definite provisions 
- reiterated the mandate of teaching Spanish in all schoools and its importance 
- severe penalties will be given to those teachers who will not follow the order. 
- examinations that are not written in Spanish will be nullified. 
-​ H
​ eads of the provinces should be in charge to visiting the schools in their 

territories and record it and sent to the central government. 

o​ ​Show the progress achieved 
-​ T​ he power is given to the governor general of the Philippines, in which he 

could provide measures which could help in the fulfillment of the policy. 
NEWS 
-​ E ​ l Pais- “The Expedition to the Island of Negros” 

o​ ​Causes of turbulent unrest in “Cuba of the Philippines” 

o​ ​There are no reasons for sending a military expedition under the order of the 
Governor-General of the Archipelago 
-​ N ​ ative Negritos’ cry for alarm 

o​ ​Exploitation of their properties 

o​ ​Bias towards the foreigners which is against the laws of economics 
o​ ​Protest for their private property 
-​ “​ Tact is better than force” 
-​ “​ The Philippines Are Being Lost” 
-​ R ​ esentment against friars 

-​ F ​ ilibusterism 

-​ F ​ riars in the Philippines: 

o​ ​Complains habitually 
o​ ​Enjoy opulence 
o​ ​Power without responsibility 
o​ ​Opinions which determines official policies 
o​ ​Secret reports- punish anybody without proper hearing 
o​ ​Lack of gratitude towards the deportees 
o​ ​Deplore the growing friendship between the Peninsulares and Filipinos 
La Publicidad: 
“We are told by those from Madrid that the A ​ sociacion hispano-filipina​, under the 
presidency of our friend and co-worker, D. Miguel Morayta, celebrated a sumptuos dinner last 
Saturday, 2nd day of the present month, in honor of the Minister of the Colonies for his decree 
which made the teaching of Spanish obligatory in the Philippines.” 
“Barcelona- Madrid- 8.15- M. Ponce. A ​ sociacion hispano-filipina​ greets Filipinos of 
Barcelona, shares with them banquet in honor of MInister of Colonies for his decree making 
obligatory teaching of Spanish in the Philippine schools, great enthusiasm at banquet, Morayta 
speech very eloquent. Secretary General. Dominador Gomez.” 
“ The Filipino colony in Barcelona, in turn, begs us to extend its homage and gratitude to 
Mr. Manuel Becerra, to the Asociacion hispano-filipina, to its president, Mr. Miguel Morayta.” 
 
ARTICLE 4 
 
ARTICLE 4 – DEMOCRATIC FORTNIGHTLY
DIFFICULT SITUATION
·​ ​Crisis in Madrid, Spain because of the crime in the street of Fuencarral.
·​ ​The country started to become awaken from the injustice acts of the government
· ​“Yesterday, a country is silenced and patient because it was ignorant. Today, a dignified

country claims its usurped rights and liberties, becoming indignant with holy fury against any
irregular act of governments and administrations who try to diminish dignity, honor, making
citizens of those who abide by their mandates.”
· ​“The latest events happening in Congress outline a difficult situation: most difficult for the

government and the municipality of Madrid.”

100.00 – 12.50 = X
· ​Calling the attention of the Government to certain operations of the Philippine Treasury

about the stipend of friar parish priests.

o​ ​12.5% of the tax – Friars
o​ ​87.5% of the tax – Treasury
· ​“We urge the government to ask for this data and it would know something of the matter, if it

wants to know; something and even many “somethings” it would find “moralizable” if, as we
believe, it wants to moralize that administration.”

THE PHILIPPINES IN THE CONGRESS OF DELEGATES

· ​“It seems that important project of liberal and political reforms surge forth from the

mind of the Minister of the Colonies in favor of the Philippine Archipelago: the
presentation of budgets of the Philippines in the Councils, the creation of a
university other than that existing Manila, the establishment of a school of
engineering, and of an astronomical observatory”
 
Article #4- ​ECHOES FROM OVERSEAS 
- ​Transgressions resulted from the punishment the locals experienced after sending a 
letter to the King of Spain. 
- An example is the S ​ an Fernando/ Tagudin incident which happened on February 05 (​Di 
ko sure kung anong year) 
- What could've lead to such brutality? Is it because the legal paths were forced closed for 
their gain? That Filipinos resort to committing illegal ones? 
  
Article #4- ​IS CUBA FOR SALE? (Juan) 
- ​The column written by a writer whose pen name was Juan shows the stand of the 
Filipinos on the action of Spain on the sale of Cuba. 
- He wrote: “​We protest that inequity…We do not tolerate, nor can we tolerate that a piece 
of land, small, yes, but large in the hearts of her sons, should be like any piece of 
merchandise put up [for sale] in the markets of European diplomacy…Bring to that country 
the reforms asked for by autonomist Liberal Party, organize for them the same laws that 
exist in the Peninsula [Spain], stop [Cuba’s] conversion into a factory of godsons and 
relatives, allow decentralization and self-government, dispel fears that there are 
government ministers in America trying to buy the country, or that a Peninsular 
government is capable of selling it.​” 
 
Article #4- ​LETTER FROM AUSTRIA TO HUNGARY (Fernando Blumentritt) 
- Comparison between the colonies of the Dutch and England with that of Spain’s colonies. 
- Also talks about the idiocy of a writer who goes by the pseudonym Q ​ uioquiap​ about the 
differences between the colonies of Spain and those of the Dutch and English (British). 
 
-  Quioquiap is a facetious writer who has devoted himself to the most unfortunate task of 
insulting ​natives​ for being ​natives​. A
​ ctually, i​ n a clipping of E
​ l dia​ there was an article 
written by Quioquiap which says, "​this facial prognathy and the flattening of these 
foreheads, these natures which are not a palace for any soul, these foreheads which are not 
a throne for a single thought​."  
 
- Explains the idea of ​prestigio europeo​ (European prestige) of the D ​ utch​ and the E
​ nglish 
(British) colonizers. 
 
 
 
Article 4 
Letter from Paris 
  Paris, March 28 
  
·​ ​Campo de Marte- great activity, finish the Bellas Artes (6​th​ of May) 
·​ ​Eiffel tower 
o​ ​“new Babel”(human intelligence is infinite like God) 
o​ ​The national monument 
o​ ​Constitutes objects of astonishment of the coming Exposition 
·​ ​March 21- deadline of submitting the paintings, sculptures, etchings and other objects of 
spanish art. 
o​ ​Board of Judges 
-Messrs 
- Melida 
-Medrazo (D. Raymundo) 
-Jimenez 
-Gisbert 
- Checa 
o​ ​Don Juan Luna y Novicio- Battle of Le Panto, Hymn 
o​ ​D. Felix Ressurreccion Hidalgo- historic painting (Philippine 
History) 
o​ ​Moreno Carbonero- Conversion of Duke of Gandia 
o​ ​D. Felix Pardo de Tavera- (life sized sculpture) Parisienne in 
Japanese dress 
·​ ​Last mail from China 
o​ ​19 annamite artists have come in charge decorating the section of Exposition 
(Tonkin and Conchinchina) 
o​ ​Nouveau Cirque- Pantomine La Feria de Sevila 
o​ ​No one talks about politics/current politics, everybody is absorbed in the 
Exposition. 
-PABLO 
  
Letter from the Philippines 
  Manila, February 13, 1889 
News: 
-​ ​Sinking of the Remus 6:00 in the morning (January 30) 

-​ ​Perished 42 people- ¼ of them Europeans 

o​ ​Cause- Shoal of Coral and Stampede 

-​ ​Under the propeller- 30 persons died. 

-​ ​Some of the boats reached the beach of Maripipi. 

-​ ​Floating objects, tables, and benches served as aids. 

-​ ​Persons who were perished: 

o​ ​P. Ramon- the commander 

o​ ​Mr. Portillo- the doctor 
o​ ​Mr. Sevilla & Mr. Perez de Rio- lay Franciscans 
-​ ​127 people were saved penetrated into the island of Maripipi 

-​ ​ Some of the cadavers have been buried in Catbalogan 

-​ ​45 to 50,000 pts in metals sailed from Cebu- news about the Material Losses 

-​ ​Sumarang 

o​ ​Dutch are encouraging tobacco industry 

o​ ​Recruiting filipino cigarette girls to make the cigars of Java and Sumatra 
o​ ​Inferior quality of Philippine cigar. 
-​ ​Neighboring empire (Japan) 
o​ ​Commerce- object of special attention 
o​ ​Finding means to establish the mercantile relations between the empire and 
colony. 
-​ ​Cholera 

o​ ​appeared in Zamboanga and other territories of Mindanao 

o​ ​General inspection of health and sanitation of Manila 
o​ ​Amargoso, macabuhay, bacuit, cotingtingan and derivatives of quinine. 
-​ ​Fr. Mariano Ortiz 

o​ ​Parish priest of Tagudin (Ilocos Sur) 

o​ ​Attacked by individuals provided with unsheated arms. 
o​ ​14 wounds, 3 are serious. 
o​ ​Aim of vengeance is attributed 
-​ ​Country of quietude and repose of indolence and laziness- entering a new life. 

-​ ​Element (friar) has aspirations antithetical to all progress. 

-​ ​Abandonment on the part of Spain will be fatal one day for herself 

  
-D.A. MURGAS 
  
  
ARTICLE 6: 
In darkness 
-​ the article states the current condition of the natives in the philippines, wherein there's 
still discrimination. 
- Natives aren't treated the same as creolas and mestizos. 
Philippine Aspiration 
- a letter to Spain.  
- about the natives' aspirations with regards to the Philippines' relationship with Spain 
- PH as a Province of Spain 
Leonine Operations 
- Unfairness in collecting money for the Treasury 
- parish stipend too large and unreasonable 
The University of Manila: Its Plan of Study 
-lack of adequate professors and facilities in the College of Medicine in the University of 
Manila. 
The State of Affairs in the PH 
- People in the PH are being unjustly punished  
- Hidalgo deported for being the brother-in-law of the Author of Noli me Tangere 
- friars, being in the position of power, abuse their power 
- Spanish people > natives 
The Telegraph System of the Philippines 
-May 2, 1880- the telegraph was introduced in the Philippines 
-First message was greeting the Monarch of Spain. 
 -Despite this technology, the Philippines have not gained significant changes in society. 
To “La Defensa” 
-criticizes “La Defensa”, a newspaper in Spain, because it published the works of Patricio 
de la Escosura. 
-Escosura believes that the Filipinos shouldn’t be given rights because it might incite a 
rebellion against Spain. 
-challenges La Defensa to prove that rebelling against the friars would cause the 
downfall of the Philippines. 
An Anniversary 
-letter written to the editor of La Solidaridad by Fernando Blumentritt, commemorating 
the anniversary of the publishment of the article “Non-literary” by Quioquiap (Anti-Filipino writer). 
-Blumentritt criticizes Quioquiap as an arrogant writer who writes about things he 
doesn’t know about (Malay language were rigid, isolated, rudimentary and inflexible language 
and the literature in Asia). 
Letter from the Philippines 
-letter by D.A.Murgas to the editor of La Solidaridad. 
-talks about the travels of Gen. Weyler in the Philippines. 
-talks about events that happened in the Philippines (murder of a friar, cultivation of 
cotton in the country, submission of Filipino products in the Paris Exposition). 
Invent Another Bogey 
-General Pando told stories about the Philippines is a place riddled with frightening 
scenes. 
-He blames “Noli Me Tangere” as a threat to the integrity of Spanish rule in the 
Philippines. 
-Diaro de Barcelona blames the masonry 
-It is necessary to invent another bogey to justify the rule of the friars over the 
Philippines.