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EUROPEAN ATOMIC ENERGY C OMMUNITY - EURATOM
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ifl J E T P U M P
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J.T. WILM
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1966
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EUR 3253.e
JET PUMPS
by
J.T. WILMAN
(RCN)
1966
SUMMARY
In this report a theoretical study of the behaviour of jet pumps is made on
the basis of a simplified model. Experiments carried out with the object of
optimizing the performance of jet pumps are described. It is found that the
theoretically predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental
data for high performance jet pumps. Finally, it is shown how, for given
conditions, absolute jet pump dimensions can be calculated.
JET PUMPS
CONTENTS
Page
A. INTRODUCTION 6
J. CHARACTERISTICS AND
L. CONCLUSIONS 41
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 42
REFERENCES 42
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
APPENDIX 43
2. Tables 2 to 13
JET P U M P S
A. INTRODUCTION (*)
=
P A - P77 -?s(n A - %) - i ç ( v | - v 2 ) + κ3.ίψΙ ,
= 2
P?B
B - % = -- \^^s ( hΒB - *
Ω
v - ^- ^n(vvB| - v 2 )' + K t .;;^v^
h^)
where
p. is the static pressure in the plane A,
p-a is the static pressure in the plane B,
pv, is the static pressure in the plane W,
o is the density of the fluid,
g is the acceleration due to gravity,
h, is the height of A above a reference level 0-0,
h-, is the height of Β above the reference level 0-0,
h,., is the height of W above the reference level 0-0,
v. is the velocity of the motive fluid in the plane A,
Vr, is the fluid velocity in the plane 3,
ν is the fluid velocity in the nozzle discharge tip,
s
v. is the velocity of the entrained fluid in the
plane W (suction annulus),
Κ is a loss coefficient which applies to the flow
s between the planes A and W,
K. is a loss coefficient which applies to the flow
between the planes Β and W.
(G1 + G 2 )v z - G l V g - G 2 v t =
where
G 1 is the mass flow rate in the driving nozzle,
Gp is the mass flow rate in the suction section of
the jet pump,
p z is the static pressure in the plane Z,
hr, is the height of Ζ above the reference level 0-0,
v z is the fluid velocity in the plane Z,
S is the cross-sectional area of the mixing tube,
Κm is a loss coefficient which applies to the flow
between the planes W and Z.
- 9 -
Therefore
U1 + G ¿
tø -- P Z =: -- P
f g ( h .w· · -; - :h 2 ) + τ·5 Vz +
m
^1 ^2 2
?ne re
PP is the static pressure in the plane C,
hp is the height of C above the reference level 00,
Vp is the fluid velocity in the plane C,
V--, is a loss coefficient which applies to the flov/
between the planes Ζ and C.
p
3 ~ PC =
' P B " PV.^ + (p'.7 " P Z ^ +
^PZ ~ P C^ '
pB _ p c = -^g(h 5 - h c ) - /;γ(ν 2 - ν 2 ) + i 0 ( v 2
U -. + IT -, U .· Lr ,-j
!
1 Vr7 - ΤΓ- V^ - —- V. +
>.j υ o S -J t
m m m
+ 1C τ ^ . 2 +. K,- i._.2
V-^t V^z d- :: ^z ·
10
% = PB + 9 gh B + *9 V B ι
H c = p c + ^)ghc + ipv§ .
Hence
G- + Gp G-. Gp
% - c = — s — z - y s - τ- v t
H v v +
m mm
l5>(1 + Kt)v2 + ^(Km + Kd - 1 ) v 2
G 9 = 0 v + ( S m - Ss) ,
2 =?V
where S i s the area of the nozzle discharge t i p .
Since
G
1 =fvsSs and G
1 + G 2 = ?vZSm '
it follows that
% - HC ■ H - i r * - - ^ Γ Η +
+ 4p(1 +K t )y2 + 4 ^ + K d - 1)v|
11
Consequently
"~> '"'es η K\ 2
V
υ/ι
_
·" 'I-D
tø
T
/VW^ J
— ;; P v <-, S
O
¿-
|°
T^
m m s
/ \ 2
v.
_ (1 + κ.) —4 - (1 + κ
t \ ν ; ri
\ s /
* - # .
π et
m
hdr = ¿'
J °m m /
1
Γι
^ = 1 δ2.
Ii. 'Π
α-i
12
V & S
t 2 3 .._, ¿2
Vr7 G.. + G 0 S 0
s 1 m
S — S V. Vr7
m ¿s s . —
t βa n, d —
Ζ »
m m s
it is found that
C :t4
- (1 + Km + K d ) ( 1 +-AX) ¿>'
PA - Pw = - pe<hA - hw) - ψ ν
! - v
s) +
V-;ivs ι
rlence
+
ί ρ Α + ÇSHA >^v2) - (pB + ^ghL + ipv 2 )
(1 + K J - (1 + i:,) h Λ
o
κ 3 \ s >*
t Μ\ vv=
v. ^
Consequently, since —
v
=M -* ,
s 1 - ¿>
HA - H B = ; i 0 v s < ( 1 + K s ) - ( 1 + K t ) V 7rr^ ν
0-o^)¿ |
~ "A - "Β
(1+Ke)-(1+K.)ui*
7Í 11^
4
S ( i , ; ' c + K a ; ( ^ j x : :¿>-
2 S^i
0■ i 2¿JU "¡TP - (1+K t )^ 2 -
-Η
Β i-τ
- - W — -
Suction section
Driving nozzle
z-
Mixing tube
Diffuser
FIGURE 1
- 15 -
The e f f i c i e n c y η of a j e t pump i s d e f i n e d by
Q 2 ( H 0 - HB)
ν<ΜΗΑ-ν '
where
G G
1 2
Q1 = —!. and Q2 = ~
?
Hence,
G2 HQ - Η-g &2 -J
n = ιή (HA - HB) - (HC - Ηβ) = õ- κ χ ^ π ς
H H
C " B "
Oi
7ΐ- 1 '
JU-,
tan =
y ffT^r = ^i '
where TI-, is the jet pump efficiency for the point (TL , J-l-j}
of the characteristic.
It can be seen from figure 2 that the line inter
sects the jet pump characteristic at two poi.its; this :;.ear.s
that there are two different values of the mass flow ratio
(JL-L andOip) for the same jet pump efficiency.
16
Π * " Km » 1
JU
Jet pump characteristic
JLl 2
Point of
maximum efficiency
JU
m
JUi
(1.0) iti π
m
π· π
FIGURE 2
17
ro
Ui!
OH
O
- 19
GJ + G2
FIGURE U
20
G. THE TEST
B
t — τ τ" Ã^ - ,.£
,{M4 't
t
Ρχ
Γ •m
'MA
D PD
> ld
1 tí
V
D:
fa
1
t
hD!
-XD
L
'MD
\^J
1
!
!L Ili O
FIGURE 5
22
6 ρ 5^
= 0.339 the maximum efficiency is n~\ ]_ | = 35.6,
o
¡o
I O O O — —
f
o
■ · - -
Π IÖ1 O O O" 2 6
ni o 1
O O o o 3 —
ra: O O "o" o o ¿ 6,10
Έ. o O o O o 5 —
21 O O o O o 6 7
2XT O o O O o 7 7,8
VIII O o o O o 8 11,12 to
IX O o o o o 9 12
χ o o O' o o 10 8,9,13,16
XE o O o o o 11 8
xn o o o o o 12 9
XIII o o o o o 13 13,16
TABLE 1
25
JU JU
&=0.439 ; e=0.16 ; r = 5 d m ; t e = 0.7dm b=0.403 ; e =0.16; l e =0.7d m
v, = 2 1 % c
π
/ w.
f nel —
f π I s.p.
ƒ (s.p.: supporting plates
F in suction section)
7 π 6 7 7t
FIGURE 6 FIGURE 7
o
*
° « ( Σ ) I le=0.7dm
o(XŒ)|le = 0.4dm
7 π 7 π
FIGURE 8 FIGURE 9
26
1.1. Evaluation of Km
A
*m = f
d~ ··* *<?fv a
m d^ ·
mm >
where
f is a friction factor,
L is the effective length of the mixing tube,
v„ is the average velocity along the wall of the
mixing tube.
V + v
Z t
v
a = 2 '
it follows that
m L )
o
m •· -OVg
'-¿f
ilo ne e
v
t- _ .,-> L /ι τ t \ *"
+
'm ' - m * T'm
T V. -" ···' v " ; .
- 25 -
- 28 -
JU JU JU
S=0l¿39;e=0.16;r g 5d m ;le=0.7d m 2 S=0¿39;e=0.16;r:*0.5dm;le=Q.7dm 2 & =(H39 ;e=0J6;r=0.5dm;l« a07dm
vs = 2¿m%ec
UZE (21)
I
D
M (16)
«D
CO
-α
©
r
g(16)|v s =16 m / 5< m(16) |vs=16%c
φ
I5ZI(21)|vs=21m/i« 2ΠΠ21) |vs=21%
sec «C2nr)|t =25°C
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tt 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 t
o(D) 420 mr
-10000
-20000
-30000
U 6=0.403 ; JU = 1.89
«16=0.403 ;ju = 1.80
"!tø 'l I !
I
(T) (X) (vj (?)
MIXING TUBE
FIGURE 14
FIGURE 13
Experimentally determined
¡/rom
+
fVs pt(Sm- S
s) =fVJm
i t can be found that
v
s - v
t =
τς <vz - v )
t ·
vz - vt > 0
or ^ < 1
'nen
0.75 1τη ?
1
¿; = f L v(£ + }, χ 0 . 5 Γ .
m m dm
1
Consequently, if τ— = 8,
1.2. Evaluation of K d
Hence
it follows that
C m I m\
Therefore
¿L \4
Ka = d V 1
- t à
31 -
d + 2 λ
C = dm ά tan
2 =
d + 20
= m dm tan3°30' =
= (1 + 20 χ 0 . 0 6 1 2 ) dm =
= 2.22 äm
Hence
d
m 1
d c - 2.22 '
Consequently
= (1 - 0.85) I 1 - [rr^l )
=0.14 .
32
1 + K
s
(lt = 2
^=° 2 Ó (1 + Km+Kd)¿4
Hence
anu
Κ (If
i u = o ( 2 ¿ 2 1.26+) 1 .
s ■
2 ¿>4
1.05 - 1.05->u¿ S-j—
7T =
2 2 (1 - δ 2 ) 2
2¿¡ + ^2 S _ 1.05-α Κπ - 1.2(1 +JU)2 ¿>4
2
1 6 (1 _ £2>2
0+Ks) - ( l ^ g —gg
Τΐ =
+ (1+K
'^ ^ Ä - i> 2 7 ^ 2 7 - (1+VKd)(1+u,)2¿4 '
v/Vie r e
Ks = 0 . 0 5 , Kt = O.O5, Km = 0 . 0 6 and Kd = 0 . 1 4
V TT 1
£>:(U
0.35
Theoretical jet pump characteristics
0.30
£>:0.25
0.25
0.20
00
0.15
0.10
0.05
FIGURE 17 FIGURE 18
- 36
0.30
0.20
0.10
o
0.1 0.2 03 04 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 09 6
FIGURE 19
4 (K s =0.05;Kt=0.05;K m = 0.06;Kd=Q14)
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 05 0.6 0.7 08 0.9 &
10
15
20
37
2 ail
or
H A Η Β =φ.|γν2 ,
wie re
K
φ= d +Ks) . (1 - t^2 (1 T^p
A * E3H
π=H
0 " HB
it follows that
7t(H G - H B ) = φ . ^
or
2 1í(fi p - 1X
Ho)
v
0 B'
s =
?<P
i'roi
G. • 3.14 ,2
S ν = — and 's ~ 4 us
ss ?
it can be readily found that
4G.
d
s = 3.14nv£
38
dg = 1 . 1 3 | ^
<p
f*(Η π Ηχ.)
V = τη ·
(p= (1 (1
ó*
+ K
s > t' m
(1 TP )
The difference in total pressure at 0 and Β (figure 4;
is equal to the sum of the separate pressure losses due to
friction and to changes in velocity resulting from gradual or
abrupt changes in the crosssectional area of the fluid
conduit CÏÏB; hence the pressure loss HQ îîg at the required
flow rates can be predicted from the surface roughness and.
trie shape and size of the fluid passages of the conduit CDB.
ì'ince Ò is defined by
6
m
=ΐ
it follows that
-1 *-»
39
Example
If it is required that, at maximum jet pump
efficiency, the mass flow rates Gj and G2 are 12.2 kg/sec
and 19.7 kg/sec, respectively, then the required mass flow
ratio JU is
_ C2 _ I9.7 _ , fi1
d 1 1 φ
s = · 3|/^ 2
f V t " %)
4/
= 1.13|Λ^ / 2 x 7 5 0 x 1 1 . 5 x WOO =0.0211 m =
= 2 7 . 1 mm .
d
m = J = Ü7ÏI = 63'° ™ n '
1η . = 6 d
s ', 1
e = 0.7
* d ', m
m 1 = 8 m
d ', 1,
d = 10 ηd ',
r = 31 mm .
41
L. CONCLUSIONS
a
9 6*
(1-fKj-(1+K + )ar-
7t = " ~ TT?7
2 ¿2 +2ul 2 J ^ _ (1+ K t )^2 _ ^ _(1+VKd)(1+^)264
\ = 6 ds
o< = 10°15°
e <0.16
r = 0.5 dffi
h = °· 7 dm
8 d
!τη = m
m 10 d
m
^d = ™m
β = 7° .
ACKNOÏÏLEDGEI/IENT
EFEUEN CE o
"VDIDurchflussmessregeln";
Deutscher IngenieurVerlag, Düsseldorf
43
A P P E N D I X
whe re
Py is the static pressure at X,
pß is the static pressure at D,
ρ is the density of the fluid,
is the density of the manometer fluid,
g is the acceleration due to gravity,
hΛY is the height of X above the reference
level 00,
hvp. is the height of D above the reference
level 00,
Eyp. is the manometer deflection.
Hence
+ h
Ρχ PD ^ x hD> = % ' ^e^CD ·
H
x = Ρχ+ ^ h x + -<ψί
44
H D = P D + pgh-Q + ¿^v 2 .
H
IIX - D = PX * PD + ^ h
X ' h D } + ψνΧ ' V }
D =
+
= % ' f)ft]) *Y V 1 - VD} '
The difference in total pressure at two points
(the pressure loss between two points) can also be
calculated from the readings of two separate pressure
gauges.
If a jiressure gauge M^ is connected to a
pressure tap located at A and a pressure gauge iij, is
connected to a pressure tap located at D (figure 5 ) ,
then
E
A * B D = PA + ^ h
A » h H A ) { PD + f ^ h D " * W } <
where
E. is the reading of the pre?sure gauge I.L ,
Ej. is the reading of the pressure gauge KL·,
ρ« is the static pressure at A,
h»A is the height of A above the reference
level 00,
hjyrA is the height of the pressure gauge I.I»
above the reference level 00,
^MD ^ S ^^e n e i S n ^ °f 'the pressure gauge L,
above the reference level 00.
Hence
PA PD + fS (h A h D ) = S A E D + ^ ( h M A " %D·'
45
if
v^ is the fluid velocity at A,
H. is the total pressure at A,
Hy. is the total pressure at D,
H A - H D = p A - p D + <^g(hA - h D ) + f^(v2 - v 2 ) =
1.2.ft"as3flow rates
Orifice plates 0| and O2 (figure 3) were used
tó determine the mass flow rates G.. and G.. + Gp,
respectively (figures 1 and 4).
If
ΔΡj is the static pressure drop across the
orifice plate 0..,
ΔΡρ is the static pressure drop across the
orifice plate 0 ? ,
then the mass flow rates G 1 and G.. + G 0 are given by
G
1 = C
7j 2
*01 · 4 d 0 1 m Δρ.
G-I + G
2 =O
^02· 4 d
02 ñ
2ΟΔΡ 2 1
where
ο<"01 ando^Qp are flow coefficients for the orifice
plates 0 1 and 0 ? , respectively,
d Q1 and dQp are the diameters of the orifices in
the plates 0. and 0 ? , respectively.
Δ
Ρ1 = (<¡m f ^ Ε 0 1 .
Δ
Ρ 2 = (<¡m^S E 02 ■
Hence
G
1 =C
*01· 4 d
01 / 2 ^ m " ^ S |/^θΤ .
G1 + G 2 = c ^ 0 2 . ^ d02
/2^m-^g l/í¡.
48
G
1 _C
*O1 · 4 a01
π o
w„ --0).ν
Hence
G
2 G
1 + (' 2
- 1 =
ax = =
*7 ö
1
TT , 2
°*Ό2 ' 4 d 0 2 |/2^Vm - ? ) s /"s 0 2 1
TT , 2 (
°^01 · 4 d 01 N r* -P)g /201
or
°^02,d02 E02
ΟΛ = S
1
o^rd 01
01
49
1.4. Velocities
The fluid velocity v s in the discharge tip of
the driving nozzle (figures 1 and 5) is
d
Sm G.
1 mf S1 1 G
1
v
s = a 2
f. a ?m fo ¿ Vm
where
s
k -
m
G
1 =
°\)1 · 4 d01 /2^-^e|/Vi
it follows, therefore, that
Hence
1
G
V Z = ( 1 +OA) - g r- ,
'm
If
3, is the crosssectional area upstream from
the driving nozzle at A,
S.Q is the flow area in the suction section
* a t B,
Sυn i s the flow area at the d i f f u s e r outlet
at C ,
then
G.1 G.
ν - - I L . ÍS
ί , JUG
u Λ G
2 _ ^ 1 _ , 1 m
ψί~ψί~ Fm^ '
G + &
1 2 <1 +
^ G
1 ^ G
1 G
m
Vr = —pr* = n* = M( ! +JU) TTT- τ ~
C b
f °C f C f m JG
G
1 C2
ionsequently, since r^V- = Ò v g ,
\'m
v z = (1 +^)ί\ , v A =^62v s
Λ
2 2
v B = ^ é v s , v c = ^ ( 1 +-u)6 va.
51
H
r A HB
Hence
(HA - Hg) - (HB - Η υ )
* ■ DÇ - ν - Ufe - ν
2 2
_ W f S <hjjA-ht,],)- ( f m - 9)gE B ^ìP(v¿-- v> _,
)
wnere
E, and ET. are the readings of the pressure
^ gauges M. and H, respectively,
d
°\)2 * 0? '02
ΛΛ = - 1
°^01 · d
¿Γ"
01 ^07
-rá-|*bi· ï «ai R w ^ J T ^ l ^
"m f2
V 6 v
A = τι s ι
m r2
v^ = -tr-JU 6 ν
xS o^-. S '
vc = ^£ (1 + oi)o2vs ,
2. Tables 2 to 13
55
t E
oj E 02 E
A-;E0
E
ÇP E BD v
s
PHASE I o N/ 2 m/
JU Έ FIGURE
C cm Hg cm Hg /nrr cm Hg cm Hg /sec
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
56 -
t E E EA-JD E v
s
PJ Q2 P°
PHASE I g k * / JU π FIGURE
0 N/ 2 m/
C cm Hg cm Hg 'm cmHg cm Hg /sec
25 20.2 2.5 111230 34.1 0 16.1 0.01 3.02
25 20.2 3.3 111230 32.6 0 16.1 0.16 3.16
25 20.2 4.1 111230 31.2 - 0.1 16.1 O.29 3.29
25 20.2 5.1 111230 29.6 - 0.3 16.1 0.44 3.48
25 20.2 6.7 110249 27.0 - 0.8 16.1 0.65 3.69 10
25 20.4 8.3 110249 24.4 - 1.2 16.2 0.83 Λ.03
25 20.8 10.3 108518 21.6 - 1.9 16.3 1.02 4.42
25 21.0 12.7 108518 17.5 - 2.7 16.4 1.23 5.19
fe « 0.439 25 21.2 14.7 103613 13.5 - 3.5 16.5 1.39 5.95
e =0.16 25 34.2 4.9 189441 55.8 0 20.9 0.08 3.09
25 34.2 6.0 191403 54.5 - 0.1 20.9 0.20 3.19
r - 5d Q 25 34.2 7.5 190422 52.1 - 0.3 20.9 0.34 3.32
25 34.3 9.3 189441 49.0 - 0.8 21.0 0.49 3.48
25 34.4 11.7 187479 45.2 - 1.4 21.0 0.67 3.70 6,10
m m 25 34.6 13.7 186498 42.4 - 2.0 21.0 0.30 3.84
1 β 10 d 25 34.8 16.0 185654 38.6 - 2.6 21.1 0.95 4.17
α m 25 35.1 20.1 181730 31.7 - 4.0 21.2 1.18 4.76
25 35.4 25.1 177090 22.8 - 6.0 21.2 1.41 5.81
25 43.2 6.0 238491 70.4 - 0.1 23.6 0.06 3.05
25 43.0 10.4 237510 63.4 - 0.7 23.5 0.41 3.35
25 43.3 15.7 235548 55.5 - 2.0 23.6 0.73 3.73 10
25 43.7 19.7 232605 49.0 - 3.2 23.7 0.92 4.09
25 44.2 25.9 225875 38.3 - 5.4 23.8 1.20 4.80
25 44.7 33.6 220833 28.7 - 7.7 23.9 1.48 5.71
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
- 57 -
TABLE 6
TABLE 7
58 -
TABLE 8
t ! vs
E01 E02 E A - ED ¡ Eco EBD
PHASE I X JU π FIGURE
m/
"c cm Hg cm Hg /m2 cmHg cm Hg /sec;
TAI3LE 9
- 59
TABLE 10
TABLE 12
T
t Eoi E 02 EA-ED E
co E
BD
V
S
PHASE 2 m JU FIGURE
0
N/ 2 m/
C cm Hg cm Hg /rrr cmHg cm Hg /sec
TABLE 13
'mifil-1!<» fel
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