1 PLAN
PACING
Basic: 2 days
Average: 2 days
Advanced: 2 days
Block Schedule: 0.5 block with 6.2
0.5 block with 6.4
LESSON OPENER
ACTIVITY
An alternative way to approach
Lesson 6.3 is to use the Activity
Lesson Opener:
•Blackline Master (Chapter 6
Resource Book, p. 39)
• Transparency (p. 36)
MEETING INDIVIDUAL NEEDS
• Chapter 6 Resource Book
Prerequisite Skills Review (p. 5)
Practice Level A (p. 40)
Practice Level B (p. 41)
Practice Level C (p. 42)
Reteaching with Practice (p. 43)
Absent Student Catch-Up (p. 45)
Challenge (p. 48)
• Resources in Spanish
• Personal Student Tutor
NEW-TEACHER SUPPORT
See the Tips for New Teachers on
pp. 1–2 of the Chapter 6 Resource
Book for additional notes about
Lesson 6.3.
WARM-UP EXERCISES
Transparency Available
Give the definition, theorem, or
postulate that justifies the state-
ment.
苶C苶 ⬵ A
1. If A 苶⬘苶C苶⬘苶, A
苶B苶⬵A 苶⬘苶B
苶⬘苶, and
苶C苶 ⬵ B
B 苶⬘苶C苶⬘苶, then 䉭ABC ⬵
䉭A⬘B⬘C⬘. SSS Cong. Post.
2. If ABCD is a parallelogram,
then A苶B苶⬵D 苶C苶 and A
苶D苶⬵B
Opposite sides of a ¥ are •.
3. If MNPQ is a parallelogram,
苶P苶 bisects N
then M 苶Q苶.
Diagonals of a ¥ bisect
each other.
338
6.3
What you should learn
GOAL 1 Prove that a
quadrilateral is a
parallelogram.
GOAL 2 Use coordinate
geometry with parallel-
ograms.
Why you should learn it
䉲 To understand how
real-life tools work, such as
the bicycle derailleur in
Ex. 27, which lets you change
gears when you are
biking uphill. AL LI
FE
RE
Florida Standards
and Assessment
MA.C.1.4.1, MA.C.2.4.1,
MA.C.3.4.1, MA.C.3.4.2
苶C苶.
338 Chapter 6 Quadrilaterals
Proving Quadrilaterals
are Parallelograms
GOAL 1 PROVING QUADRILATERALS ARE PARALLELOGRAMS
The activity illustrates one way to prove that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY DEVELOPING CONCEPTS
Developing
Concepts Investigating Properties of Parallelograms
1 Cut four straws to form two congruent pairs.
Check results.
2 Partly unbend two paperclips, link their
smaller ends, and insert the larger ends into
two cut straws, as shown. Join the rest of
the straws to form a quadrilateral with
opposite sides congruent, as shown.
Check results.
3 Change the angles of your quadrilateral.
Is your quadrilateral always a parallelogram?
yes
THEOREMS
THEOREM 6.6 A B
If both pairs of opposite sides of a
quadrilateral are congruent, then
the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. D C
ABCD is a parallelogram.
THEOREM 6.7 A B
If both pairs of opposite angles of a
quadrilateral are congruent, then the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. D C
ABCD is a parallelogram.
THEOREM 6.8 A B
(180 ⴚ x)ⴗ xⴗ
If an angle of a quadrilateral is supplementary
to both of its consecutive angles, then the xⴗ
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. D C
ABCD is a parallelogram.
THEOREM 6.9 A B
If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect
each other, then the quadrilateral is a
parallelogram. D C
ABCD is a parallelogram.
 The proof of Theorem 6.6 is given in Example 1. You will be asked to prove
Theorem 6.7, Theorem 6.8, and Theorem 6.9 in Exercises 32–36. 2 TEACH
EXAMPLE 1 Proof of Theorem 6.6 EXTRA EXAMPLE 1
P Q
Proof Prove Theorem 6.6. C B
Æ Æ Æ Æ
GIVEN 䉴 AB £ CD , AD £ CB T

PROVE 䉴 ABCD is a parallelogram. S R

D A
Given: 䉭PQT ⬵ 䉭RST
Statements Reasons
Prove: PQRS is a parallelogram.
Æ Æ Æ Æ
Statements (Reasons)
1. AB £ CD, AD £ CB 1. Given 1. †PQT • †RST (Given)
Æ Æ
2. AC £ AC 2. Reflexive Property of Congruence 2. P苶T苶 • R苶T苶 and S苶T苶 • Q
苶T苶
3. ¤ABC £ ¤CDA 3. SSS Congruence Postulate (Corresp. parts of • †s are •.)
3. PT = RT and ST = QT
4. ™BAC £ ™DCA, 4. Corresponding parts of £ ◊ are £.
(Def. of cong.)
™DAC £ ™BCA
Æ Æ Æ Æ 4. P苶R苶 and S苶Q苶 bisect each other.
5. AB ∞ CD, AD ∞ CB 5. Alternate Interior Angles Converse (Def. of bisect)
6. ABCD is a ⁄. 6. Definition of parallelogram 5. PQRS is a ¥. (If the diags. of a
quad. bisect each other, then it
is a ¥.)
EXAMPLE 2 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms EXTRA EXAMPLE 2
As the sewing box below is opened, the trays are always parallel to each
other. Why?
2 in.
2.75 in.

2.75 in. A gate is braced as shown. How

2 in. do you know that the opposite
sides of the gate are congruent?
The diagonals bisect each other,
so the gate is a ¥. The opposite
FOCUS ON sides of a ¥ are •.
APPLICATIONS
CHECKPOINT EXERCISES
For use after Examples 1 and 2:
1. D C

F E

A B
L
AL I SOLUTION
CONTAINERS Given: ABCD is a parallelo-
FE
RE

Many containers,
such as tackle boxes,
jewelry boxes, and tool
boxes, use parallelograms in
their design to ensure that
the trays stay level.
Each pair of hinges are opposite sides of a quadrilateral. The 2.75 inch sides of gram; F苶E苶 储 D
苶C苶.
the quadrilateral are opposite and congruent. The 2 inch sides are also opposite Prove: ABEF is a parallelogram.
and congruent. Because opposite sides of the quadrilateral are congruent, it is a Statements (Reasons)
parallelogram. By the definition of a parallelogram, opposite sides are parallel, 1. ABCD is a ¥. (Given)
so the trays of the sewing box are always parallel. 2. A苶D苶‚B 苶C苶; A苶B苶‚D 苶C苶 (Def. of ¥)
3. A 苶E苶 (Def. of ‚ segments)
苶F苶 ‚ B
6.3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms 339 4. F苶E苶 ‚ D
苶C苶 (Given)
5. A苶B苶 ‚ F苶E苶 (If 2 lines are ‚ to the
same line, then they are ‚ to
each other.)
6. ABEF is a ¥. (Def. of ¥)

339
 Theorem 6.10 gives another way to prove a quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
EXTRA EXAMPLE 3
H I J THEOREM
1 2
THEOREM 6.10 B C
If one pair of opposite sides of a
M L K quadrilateral are congruent and parallel,
then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. A D
Given: HJKM is a parallelogram;
䉭IJK ⬵ 䉭LMH, ABCD is a parallelogram.
Prove: HIKL is a parallelogram.
THEOREM
Statements (Reasons)
1. HJKM is a ¥. (Given)
2. H苶J苶 ‚ K苶M
苶 (Def. of ¥) EXAMPLE 3 Proof of Theorem 6.10
3. H苶I苶 L苶K苶 (Def. of ‚ segments)
‚
4. †IJK • †LMH (Given)
Proof Prove Theorem 6.10. C B
5. I苶J苶 • L苶M
苶 (Corresp. parts of • †s
Æ Æ Æ Æ
are •.) GIVEN 䉴 BC ∞ DA , BC £ DA
6. H苶J苶 • K苶M苶 (Opp. sides of a ¥ PROVE 䉴 ABCD is a parallelogram. D A
are •.)
7. IJ = LM, HJ = KM (Def. of cong.) Æ Æ
Plan for Proof Show that ¤BAC £ ¤DCA, so AB £ CD. Use Theorem 6.6.
8. HJ = HI + IJ ; KM = KL + LM
(Segment Addition Post.) Æ Æ
9. HJ = KL + LM (Substitution BC ∞ DA åDAC £ åBCA
†BAC £ †DCA
prop. of equality) Given Alt. Int. √ Thm.
10. HI + IJ = KL + LM (Transitive SAS Congruence Post.
Æ Æ
prop. of equality) AC £ AC
11. HI + IJ = KL + IJ (Substitution Refl. Prop. of Cong. Æ Æ
AB £ CD
prop. of equality)
12. HI = KL (Subtraction prop. of Æ Æ Corresp. parts
BC £ DA
equality) of £ ◊ are £.
13. HIKL is a ¥. (If 1 pair of opp. Given

sides of a quad. are • and ‚, ABCD is a ¥.

then the quad. is a ¥.)
CHECKPOINT EXERCISES
For use after Example 3:
1. Use the figure from Extra
Example 3.
Given: ⬔1 ⬵ ⬔2;
䉭IJK ⬵ 䉭LMH
Prove: HIKL is a parallelogram.
Statements (Reasons)
1. å1 • å2; †IJK • †LMH
(Given)
苶L苶 ‚ I苶K苶 (If 2 lines are cut by
2. H
a transv. so that corres. ås
are •, then the lines are ‚.)
苶L苶 • K苶I苶 (Corres. parts of
3. H
• triangles are •.)
4. HIKL is a ¥. (If 1 pair of opp.
sides of a quad. are • and ‚,
then the quad. is a ¥.)
If opp. sides of a quad.
.......... are £, then it is a ¥.
You have studied several ways to prove that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram. In
the box below, the first way is also the definition of a parallelogram.
CWAY
ONCEPT
S PROVING QUADRILATERALS ARE PA R A L L E L O G R A M S
SUMMARY
• Show that both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
• Show that both pairs of opposite sides are congruent.
• Show that both pairs of opposite angles are congruent.
• Show that one angle is supplementary to both consecutive angles.
• Show that the diagonals bisect each other.
• Show that one pair of opposite sides are congruent and parallel.
340 Chapter 6 Quadrilaterals

340
 GOAL 2 USING COORDINATE GEOMETRY
EXTRA EXAMPLE 4
Show that A(–1, 2), B(3, 2),
When a figure is in the coordinate plane, you can use the Distance Formula to C(1, –2), and D(–3, –2) are the
prove that sides are congruent and you can use the slope formula to prove that vertices of a parallelogram.
sides are parallel. Method 1: slopes of A 苶B苶, D
苶C苶 = 0;
苶D
slopes of A 苶, B
苶C苶 = 2;
Method 2: AB = DC = 4 and
EXAMPLE 4 Using Properties of Parallelograms
AD = BC = 2兹5苶;
Show that A(2, º1), B(1, 3), C(6, 5), and D(7, 1) y C (6, 5)
Method 3: slopes of A 苶B苶, D
苶C苶 = 0
are the vertices of a parallelogram. and AB = DC = 4.
B(1, 3)
CHECKPOINT EXERCISES
For use after Example 4:
SOLUTION 1 D (7, 1) 1. Identify any quadrilateral that
There are many ways to solve this problem. 1 x is a parallelogram.
A(2, ⫺1) a. G(–3, 1), H(4, 1), I(3, 6),
STUDENT HELP Method 1 Show that opposite sides have the J(–1, 6)
Study Tip same slope, so they are parallel. b. P(–2, 2), Q(1, 1), R(4, 4),
Because you don’t know Æ 3 º (º1) S(1, 4)
the measures of the Slope of AB = ᎏᎏ = º4
1º2 c. W(3, –1), X(4, 2), Y(1, 5),
angles of ABCD, you can Z(0, 2) c
not use Theorems 6.7 or Æ 1º5
Slope of CD = ᎏᎏ = º4
6.8 in Example 4. 7º6
Æ 5º3 2
Slope of BC = ᎏᎏ = ᎏᎏ COMMON ERROR
6º1 5
EXAMPLE 4 Some students may
Æ º1 º 1 2 want to measure the angles and
Slope of DA = ᎏᎏ = ᎏᎏ
2º7 5 apply Theorem 6.7. Remind them
Æ Æ Æ Æ
AB and CD have the same slope so they are parallel. Similarly, BC ∞ DA. that a protractor gives only approxi-
mate measures.
䉴 Because opposite sides are parallel, ABCD is a parallelogram.
STUDENT HELP NOTES
Method 2 Show that opposite sides have the same length.
Homework Help Students
AB = 兹(1
苶苶 º苶2苶
)2苶
+苶[3苶苶
º苶(º
苶1苶)]
苶2苶 = 兹1苶7苶 can find extra examples at
www.mcdougallittell.com
CD = 兹(7
苶苶 º苶
6苶)2苶
+苶(1苶苶
º苶5苶
)2 = 兹1苶7苶 that parallel the examples in
BC = 兹(6
苶苶 º苶
1苶)2苶
+苶(5苶苶
º苶3苶
)2 = 兹2苶9苶 the student edition.

DA = 兹(2
苶苶 º苶7苶
)2苶
+苶(º
苶1苶苶
º苶1苶
)2 = 兹2苶9苶 CLOSURE QUESTION
State the six ways to prove that a
䉴
Æ Æ Æ Æ
AB £ CD and BC £ DA. Because both pairs of opposite sides are congruent, quadrilateral ia a parallelogram.
ABCD is a parallelogram. See the property box at the bottom
of page 340.
Method 3 Show that one pair of opposite sides is congruent and parallel.
Æ Æ DAILY PUZZLER
Find the slopes and lengths of AB and CD as shown in Methods 1 and 2.
Æ Æ In ⵥABCD, the ratio of m⬔A to
STUDENT HELP Slope of AB = Slope of CD = º4 m⬔B is 4:5. What are the measures
NE
ER T
HOMEWORK HELP of all the angles? måA = måC = 80°,
AB = CD = 兹1苶7苶
INT

Visit our Web site and måB = måD = 100°

www.mcdougallittell.com
䉴
Æ Æ
for extra examples. AB and CD are congruent and parallel, so ABCD is a parallelogram.

6.3 Proving Quadrilaterals are Parallelograms 341

341