Outlines:-

 Chapter 1. Introduction.

 Chapter 2. Preliminary Design Of Slabs.

 Chapter 3. Preliminary Design Of Beams.

 Chapter 4. 3-D modeling.

 Chapter 5. Preliminary Design Of Columns.

 Chapter 6. Preliminary Design Of Footings. 2

 Abstract
 Al-Afforri hotel is one of a famous hotels
 which is located in Nablus city, it will be
 analyzed and designed in this project .

 This hotel project consists of eleven

 floors with a total area equals 7031.22 m2.
3
 Overview

Structural models will be analyzed designed by using computer software

( SAP2000 ), and the results will be checked by hand calculations, also,
(Autocad) program will be used in drawing sections and other details.
The structural elements will be designed as reinforced concrete members
according to strength and serviceability criteria, as specified in the
( ACI 318-11 )specification, and for seismic design the ( UBC-97 )code will be
used.

4
Chapter One
Introduction

5
  Philosophy of analysis & design:

The building will be analyzed and designed using SAP 2000

program. All loads will be considered in the design, including
dead, live, and seismic loads.
Seismic design will increase the cost of design, but it will
save lives, and buildings from collapse, so it is very important
design.
Strength Design Method will be used in design, this method
is based on the ultimate strength of the structural members
assuming failure condition, whether due to crushing of the
concrete or the yield of the reinforcing steel.

6
 design criteria:

- Materials:
1.Structural materials.
-concrete (fc` = 28 MP , Ec = 25000MPa)
-steel (Fy = 420MPa, Es = 200000MPa)

2.Non-structural materials.
-sand , mortar and tile.

-Soil properties:
qall = 100KN/m2.
-Loads:

1. Gravity loads.
-dead load (SID=3.28 KN/m2)
-live load:
Basement floors = 5 KN/m2
Ground floors = 7 KN/m2
Repeated floors = 4 KN/m2

2.Lateral loads.
-Wind load, which is neglected.
-seismic load.
-The structure is located in Nablus area which is classified as zone
2B according to Palestine seismic Map.

-The seismic zone factor, Z = 0.2

-The soil type is soft limestone, soil class SD
-The important factor, I=1
-The ductility factor, R=5.5
-Seismic coefficients ( Ca = 0.28 & Cv = 0.4 ) R) respectively.
-Numerical coefficient (Ct).
-Load combinations:

U = 1.4D.
U = 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr or S or R).
U = 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (1.0L or 0.5W) .
U = 1.2D + 1.0W + 1.0L + 0.5(Lr or S or R) .
U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L + 0.2S.
U = 0.9D + 1.0W.
U = 0.9D + 1.0E.
‫المسقط األفقي للطابق األرضي‬
‫المسقط األفقي للطابق المتكرر‬
 ‫‪13‬‬

‫الواجھة الشمالية‬ ‫الواجھة الشرقية‬

 Chapter Two
Preliminary Design of Slabs
 Structural system:

-In this project, The system is the use of one way solid slab with
dropped beams.

-In this type of slabs, the load is distributed in one way direction.

-When the ratio of the longer to the shorter side

(L/ B) of the slab is at least equal to 2.0, it is called
one-way slab.

15
structural layout (units in mm)
 Slab thickness:
(repeated floors)

-According to ACI-318-11 code the slab,

thickness = L/24 = 7.27/24 = 0.303m

-Use slab thickness, h = 0.30m and d = 0.25m.

 Load calculations:
-Slab own weight = 7.5 KN/m2
-Superimposed load = 3.28 KN/m2
-Live load = 4 KN/m2
Wu slab = 1.2 (7.5+3.28) + 1.6 (4) = 19.34 KN/m2
A one meter strip can be taken to represent the whole slab.
Wu slab = 19.34 * 1m = 19.34 KN/m
W wall = 22 KN/m

Shear design:

Flexure design:
 Vu = 86.05 KN
ɸ Vc = 165.36 KN
Vu < ɸ Vc ----OK.
No shear reinforcement shall be used.
Mu + = 89.78 KN.m ρ = 0.00393 As = (5Φ16/m) or As min = (3Φ16/m)
(1Φ16/200mm)

Mu - = 95.30 KN.m ρ = 0.00418 As = (5Φ16/m) or As min = (3Φ16/m)

(1Φ16/200mm)
 (ground floor)

-Use slab thickness, h = 0.30m and d = 0.25m.

Vu = 103.21 KN
ɸ Vc = 165.36 KN
Vu < ɸ Vc ----OK.
No shear reinforcement shall be used.

Mu + = 107.88 ρ = 0.00476 As = (6Φ16/m) As min = (3Φ16/m)

KN.m

Mu - = 113.98 KN.m ρ = 0.00504 As = (6Φ16/m As min = (3Φ16/m)

 Chapter Three
Preliminary Design of Beams
-Beams are structural elements carrying external loads, which cause 
bending moments and shear forces along their length and transfer
them to the columns.
Cross section of interior beam (B1)
Cross section of exterior beam (B2)
Loads on Beams:

Repeated floors:
Interior Beam (B1):
Total load in the interior beam = 206 KN/m

Exterior Beam (B2):

Total load in the exterior beam = 97 KN/m

Ground floor:
Interior Beam (B1):
Total load in the interior beam = 260 KN/m

Exterior Beam (B2):

Total load in the exterior beam = 108 KN/m
 Design for Flexure:

repeated floors(B1):

Mu + = 422.40 KN.m ρ = 0.00658 As = (7Φ20/m)

Mu - = 481.84 KN.m ρ = 0.00758 As = (8Φ20/m)

 Design for Flexure:

repeated floors(B2):

Mu + = 438.72 KN.m ρ = 0.00872 As = (7Φ20/m)

Mu - = 496.73 KN.m ρ = 0.00999 As = (8Φ20/m)

 Design for Shear:

repeated floors(B1):

Vc = 264.6 KN Try ᶲ10mm stirrups

Vn = 541.64 KN Use S = 150mm, 2 legs stirrups.
Vs = 277.04 KN
Vs,max = 1058 KN
Vs < Vs,max ( the beam size is ok ).
 Design for Shear:

repeated floors(B2):

Vc = 211.6 KN Try ᶲ10mm stirrups

Vn = 568 KN Use S = 100mm, 2 legs stirrups.
Vs = 356.4 KN
Vs,max = 846.6 KN
Vs < Vs,max ( the beam size is ok ).
 Design for Flexure:

ground floor (B1):

Mu + = 361.26 KN.m ρ = 0.00557 As = (6Φ20/m)

Mu - = 447.34 KN.m ρ = 0.007 As = (7Φ20/m)

ground floor (B2):

Mu + = 322.99 KN.m ρ = 0.0063 As = (5Φ20/m)

Mu - = 413.08 KN.m ρ = 0.0082 As = (7Φ20/m)

 Design for Shear:

ground floor (B1):

Try ᶲ10mm stirrups
Use S = 100mm, 2 legs stirrups.

ground floor (B2):

Try ᶲ10mm stirrups
Use S = 100mm, 2 legs stirrups.
Chapter Four
3D-Modeling
-This chapter includes 3D model for the project. The sections
for slabs, beams, and columns are defined.

-The structure is represented as a whole on SAP, the columns

and beams are represented as frame section as their properties.
.
Define Beams modifications:

-Beam = 0.35
-Column = 0.70
-Slab = 0.25

Define load cases:

The load cases of gravity and seismic forces are defined, and
Load case data-response
spectrum in X, Y-direction.

Define load combinations:

U1= 1.4(D+SID)
U2= 1.2(D+SID) + 1.6(L)
U3= 1.34(D+SID) + 1(L) + 1.5(X)
U4= 1.34(D+SID) + 1(L) + 1.5(Y)
U5= 0.76(D+SID) + 1.5(X)
U6= 0.76(D+SID) + 1.5(Y)
Define Response spectrum function:
The analysis for seismic loads is based on dynamic analysis
using response spectrum function of UBC97, so response
spectrum function is defined as shown.
response spectrum function as defined in UBC97 code
Assign masses:
The mass in the structural model is very important in the model
analysis and in dynamic analysis for seismic loads. The masses of
structural elements are defined using define mass source dialog
box as shown.
 40

Deformed shape for structure

*Seismic check,

-At modal number 22 we have Sum UX & Sum UY = 91% > 90%.....ok

-Check design base shear:

 T = 0.0731(40.16)0.75 = 1.17 sec.

W = DL + SID + 0.25 LL
= 110247.544 + 24356.503 + 0.25(36111.751)
= 143632 KN
-Check design of story drift:
 Chapter Five
Preliminary Design of Columns
-Columns are verticals compression members of structural
frames that carried loads from the upper floors levels, then to
the soil through the foundations.

The columns were classified as grouping according the range

of axial loads, the range of axial force in all columns in
building were (488 KN – 14197 KN) or (48 ton – 1419 ton),
then loads can be classified into three groups as follows:

Group ( A ): ( 0 – 3000 KN ).
Group ( B ): ( 3000 – 6000 KN ).
Group ( C ): ( 6000 – 9000 KN ).
Group ( D ): ( 9000 – 15000 KN ).

47
columns grouping in building:

Group ID Column ID MAX. LOAD

A C1 , C7 , C8 , C9 , C16 , C23 = 2738 kN

C21 , C22 , C23 , C27

B C4 , C5 , C12 , C19 , C4 = 5927 KN

C24 , C25

C C2 , C3 , C10 , C11 , C2 = 8340 KN

C13 , C14 , C17 , C18 ,
C26

D C6 , C15 , C20 C15 = 14197 KN

48
-Preliminary Design:

-Required spacing, according to ACI318-11 code:

S ≤ 16 db

S ≤ 48 ds

S ≤ Least lateral dimension of column

Design Summary:
Interaction diagram for columns :

As columns were designed , some type of check should be done using a

method lead to something called “ interaction diagram ’’ which used to
know if the column can carry its loads in these dimensions .
So that , a hand calculation will be done for interaction diagram for one
chosen column and will be compared with the SAP2000 diagram and
explain the differences if it exists.
Iinteraction diagram using hand calculation:

Column number 2 in building was chosen.

Pu = 8340 KN
Mu3 = 122.8 KN.m 51
 -The relation of maximum axial load versus bending moment
for the column will be drown as shown in figure below:

52

Interaction diagram for column 2 and the point which lie within the curve
Cross section of Column (Group A)

Cross section of Column (Group B)

 Cross section of Column (Group C)

Cross section of Column (Group D)

 Chapter Six
Preliminary Design of Footings
-Footings are structural elements that transmit column or wall
loads to the underlying soil below the structure.

-The raft foundation is a kind of combined footing that may cover

the entire area under the structure supporting several columns in
one rigid body. In this project, If spread footings used, the area of
the footing required will be big as will be shown later. In this big
spread footing condition, the raft foundation could be much
practical and economical.

-In this project, the raft will be designed as flat plate, which has a
uniform thickness and without any beams.

56
Raft layout
1.Check punching shear for finding the depth of mat:
 59

Raft model
2.Check deflection:
-Max deflection = 2.34 mm < 10 mm…..ok
Design for flexure :

Moment diagram in both directions:

M11 M22
Steel reinforcement in both directions:
66