International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 10, Issue 04, April 2019, pp. 1–11, Article ID: IJCIET_10_04_001
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=4
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

FACTORS LEADING OF FAMILY

FUNCTIONING AND SELF CONCEPT IN THE
ADOLESCENTS
Zaizul Ab Rahman*, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor
Centre for Aqidah and Global Peace, Faculty of Islamic Studies
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

Abu Yazid Abu Bakar, Salleh Amat

Centre for Educational Diversity, Faculty of Education
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

Azmul Fahimi Kamaruzaman

Centre for the Middle East and Nusantara, Faculty of Islamic Studies,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim

Centre for Contemporary Fiqh and Syariah Compliance, Faculty of Islamic Studies
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the relationship between family functioning and self-
concept in the process among the troubled youth in Bangi’s school. The subject of this
study consists of 100 students selected two sampling aimed at the reform school in
Bangi. The two inventories used in this study the Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory
(CFSEI) to measure self-concept, and Family Cohesion Adapbility Skill 2 (FACES 2)
measure the perception of functional family. The study showed that family functioning
has a significant relationship with adolescent self-concept. Specially, the support and
involvement of parents in a positive relation with the dimensions of control and
parental involvement, and personal appreciation of adolescents were more in relation
to support and parental controls. The main implications of this study was revealed
that family functioning is an important role in shaping teenagers’ self concept.
Key words: Family Functioning, Self Concept, The Support and Involvement,
Parental Controls, Psychology of Religion.

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 Zaizul Ab Rahman, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, Abu Yazid Abu Bakar, Salleh Amat,
Azmul Fahimi Kamaruzaman, Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim

Cite this Article: Zaizul Ab Rahman, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, Abu Yazid Abu
Bakar, Salleh Amat, Azmul Fahimi Kamaruzaman, Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim,
Factors Leading of Family Functioning and Self Concept in the Adolescents,
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 10(4), 2019, pp. 1–11.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=4

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Family Functioning
Family functionality and self-concept are the norms and principles in the family that need to
be in the development of a happy family. In the psychology discipline, the aspect of self-
concept and family functionality actually plays an important role in the process of assessment
and assessment of human behavior and cognition in a more structured and scientifically
distinctive way of life as it progresses forward in more and more a review of adolescents at
the Bangi area in terms of family functionality and self-concept. Family influences are also
very important in shaping the behavior and learning of teenagers before they step on the
environment of the community beyond their family's control locus. Family influences include
the traditional and modern parents, the style of leadership of the head of the family, the
problematic and normal family, the full or lack of affectionate family, the strong or lesser
religious service or education, the economic, sex, housing and educational value parenting
itself (Abu Yazid & Noriah 2018; Sallehudin et al. 2018; Jaffary Awang et al. 2017; Mutsalim
Khareng et al. 2016; Abu Yazid & Noriah 2014). This shows that family functionality can
affect the development and well-being of the individual in terms of emotionally, mentally and
physically (Rozumah, Siti Nor, Rojanah & Abdullah al-Hadi, 2013; Shak, 2011; Howard &
Johnson, 2015; Zaizul et al. 2017, 2018). There are some recent studies that examine the
reliability of family functionality studies conducted in this study. One of the studies on the
study of the functionality of the family is the study by Robinson, Post and Khakee (1992)
using test-retest techniques. A total of 151 prisoners were used as subjects in which two
prisoners of serious criminal cases were asked to answer questions.
The survey was conducted in two separate situations within two weeks. The results show
that the reliability of the re-test within two weeks is 0.83, while the alpha coefficient is 0.85.
The findings of this study show that this test tool provides reliable and reliable information. If
we look closely at the functionality of the family functionality there are many testing tools
used for various purposes to get accurate and objective information on the results of a study
on the level of family functionality. This study actually has a tremendous impact on teenage
life. Accurate and effective information is needed to help make decisions that have a high
degree of authenticity, confidence and consistency. Fernando I. Rivera, Peter J. Guarnaccia,
Norah Mulvaney-Day, Julia Y.Lin, Maria Torres and Margarita Alegria (2017) conducted a
study on 2540 subjects comprising high school students to see the extent of the relationship
between the functionality of a teenage family with the individual's self-esteem. The selected
subjects are among the students who have both parents and live with them. The results of the
study show that there is a relationship between family functionality between parent and
individual communications. Family functionality in the life of a teen plays an important role
in the development of one's personality. The Hamsan survey, Hanina Halimatusaadiah (2012)
conducted on 120 students aged 12 to 18 found that family functionality had significant
relationships with the formation of a teenager's personality.

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 Factors Leading of Family Functioning and Self Concept in the Adolescents

2. THE DIMENSIONS OF EXTREME FAMILY FUNCTIONALITY

CONTROL
The dimensions of extreme family functionality control negatively affect the personality of a
teenager. The existence of risk factors in the family also has a negative impact on family
functionality and the self-concept of family members (Sobolenski & Amato, 2015). Fallon
(2011) and Zaizul (2012) who studies the relationship between family functionality and child
development finds that adolescents will experience better adaptation processes when their
family members are united, often expressing their feelings and managing their homes
properly. Alicia S.M. Leung et al (2011) conducts a survey on 145 Hong Kong university
students on the influence of adolescence in adolescent relationships with their parents towards
family functionality. The findings show that the closer adolescent relationship with their
parents is the higher the functionality of the family. The relationship density factor also
affects their family relationship. Hampson, Hulgus and Beavers (1991) use the 'concurent
validity' approach to see the validity issues of FACES family 2. In the study, FACES 2 has
been correlated with 'Self-Reports Family Inventory (SFI) and found that the correlation
coefficient shown is high and significant for SFI with cohesion value (r = .93; k <.01) and
adaptability (r = .79,; .01). Based on Zaizul Ab Rahman study (2013) who studied the
prisoners of Kajang prison and the findings of the study using the FACES 2 and WART tests
showed that the correlation obtained was positive and the relationship was significant (r =
.017, k <.05). Thus there is no significant relationship between WART's addiction to FACES
family functionality 2. So it shows that the functionality of the family works for non-addictive
work. In the context of local study Azaman (2000) found that the validity of the criterion
associated with the method of correlating family function FACES 2 with the self-concept
marking as the corresponding criterion variable shows that the correlation coefficient obtained
is significant (r = .50; k <.01). This shows that adolescents who perceive their families well
will tend to have a high self-concept. Self-esteem refers to individual values or views to
oneself whether positive or negative. Positive views lead to high self-esteem, but negative
views lead to low self-esteem. Individuals with high self-esteem are confident of their own
ability abilities and know their strengths and weaknesses. Rathus (1990) and Rafiza et al
(2018) explains self-esteem as one's evaluation and valuing of oneself. With that in general,
self esteem is our evaluation of our self. Global self-esteem is our overall evaluation of our
self, how we generally feel about our self (Dusek, 1996). The individual's ability to self-assess
will determine whether he is able to position his or her actual capabilities behind the martial
law mechanisms. The desire to respect yourself is essential that individuals do not feel inferior
and have no confidence in life. In this article the discussion will focus on two dimensions that
demonstrate the individual nature, feelings, behaviors and behaviors in the social context of
'extroverts' and 'instroverts'. The individual 'extrovert' is someone who coexists with others,
'impulsive', 'strong' speaking and socializing. While 'instrovert' shows the tendency to be
solitary, shy, willing to do the work alone and quietly (Zaizul, 2017; Noriah & Abu Yazid
2014).

3. TEENAGERS WILL FEEL THEMSELVES VALUED AND

WELCOMED
Teenagers will feel themselves valued and welcomed by their families if their parents are not
too much of their wrongs and behaviors. Conclusion So far, local studies on the relationship
between family relations and the development of children's adolescence are still short (Barry
J. Fallon & Terry V.P. Bowles, 2011). This situation led to a lack of local references when
compared to foreign references. It is recommended that further study on the effects of family
functionality on the formation of adolescent self-esteem. In a further study, the sample of the

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 Zaizul Ab Rahman, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, Abu Yazid Abu Bakar, Salleh Amat,
Azmul Fahimi Kamaruzaman, Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim

study is intended to cover various aspects that can reflect the true population of the
community. In this way, the results of the study can be generalized to wider populations, such
as ethnic (Malay, Chinese, Indian), socioeconomic classes (subordinates, middle and upper
classes) and residences (urban and rural). In terms of variables to be studied, proposed
variables such as family structure, family type, parent's relationship with the child's quality
(Zaizul, 2012) and quality of siblings are also taken into account (Howard, S., & Johnson, B.
2015). In addition, it is proposed that further studies not only take into account parenting
behavior in the family setting but also from outside the family, such as peers and schools
(Block, J., & Tarula, E, 2014). Furthermore, other factors in teenage life may also contribute
to adolescent self esteem other than family functionality such as social interaction, physical
and mental abilities and academic achievement may also be important in influencing the
creation of self-esteem in the process of da'wah (Zaizul et al. 2017, 2018). In further studies,
the variables mentioned above can also build a more complete model with respect to factors
contributing to the development of self-esteem. In terms of means of data collection, data on
the functionality of family data are collected from parents and adolescents so that decisions
can implicate the differences in the interpretation of the meaning of the external behavior of
both parents and adolescents (Zaizul, 2013).

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Analysis of Findings and Discussions The findings show a significant relationship between
parental support and adolescent self-concept. The first hypothesis assumes there is a
significant relationship between parental support and adolescent self-esteem. The results
showed that there was a very high parent support (0.97), the correlation between support with
adolescent self esteem was significant (0.00) at the level of 0.05. The results of this study
show that parents as a significant person in teenage life still play an important role in the
development of appreciationa teenager's self. The second hypothesis assumes there is a
significant relationship between parental involvement and adolescent self-esteem. The results
of the analysis show that there is significant and significant involvement of parents with high
second self esteem (0.60). The relationship between parents involvement and adolescent self
esteem was significant (0.00) at the level of 0.05. The results of this study show that parents
as a significant person in teenage life still play an important role in the development of a
teenager's self-esteem. Ineffective relationship between parental control and adolescent self-
concept. The third hypothesis assumes there is a significant relationship between parental
control and adolescent self-esteem. While the results of the study show that parental control
has no significant relationship with self-esteem. There is a significant parental support
difference between adolescents and girls. The fourth hypothesis assumes there is a significant
parental support difference between boys and girls. It was found that the male self esteem
concept was 17.02, while the female mean was 16.91, there was a significant difference with
t-test analysis of 0.035 <0.05. The results of this study found that male adolescents need more
support than women in adolescents. Because of the physical growth of male adolescents in
this stage, they are more emotional and dependent on parents. Lack of parental support, low
self-esteem, low academic achievement, impulsive behavior, poor social adjustment or
perhaps anti-social occurrence. (Mohd Noor, A. Y et al 2017; Peterson & Rolkins, 1987).
The fifth hypothesis assumes that there is a significant involvement of parents among
adolescents and girls. The results of the analysis have shown that there is no significant
difference between male and female adolescents. This is clearly seen with the results of the T-
Test analysis where 0.68> 0.05. The finding of this study shows that there is no significant
difference between parents and girls. Henry, Wilson and Peterson (1989) found that all teens
need attention and companionship from parents. There is no significant difference in parental

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 Factors Leading of Family Functioning and Self Concept in the Adolescents

control between adolescent boys and girls. The sixth hypothesis assumes there are significant
differences in parental control. The results of the analysis have shown that there is no
significant difference between male and female adolescents. This is clearly seen with the t-test
of 0.43> 0.05. There is no significant difference in the self-concept between teenage boys and
girls. The results of the analysis have shown that there is no significant difference between
male and female teenager self esteem. This is clearly seen with the results of T-test 0.66>
0.05. For this reason, the hypotheses constructed have been rejected. Family Functional
Dimensions. Overall study analysis found that control dimensions were highest or strongest at
a mean of 1.930, followed by the mean dimension of average mean score of 1.766, while the
support dimension was at least one 1.698. With this decision, it follows that parental controls
are paramount among parents. From the results of this study, it is said that parental control
can also affect the self-esteem of adolescent children.

5. CONCLUSIONS
Overall it is found that the adolescent's self-evaluation is in line with individual perceptions of
parents' responses to them. The dimensions of family functionality with support and
involvement are positively associated with the adolescent's self-esteem because these
dimensions can give advice to teens about the value inherent in him and his significance in the
life of the parents, while the dimensions of control that carry the negative element are found
to be directly related negative, this is because control is a parent's attempt to control and direct
the behavior and activity of a child who may be preventing their chances of exploring their
locus locus factor (Mohd Noor, A. Y et al 2011; Coopersmith, S.C.,1987). Researchers hope
to assist certain parties to make a reference to the research that has been reviewed. Hence, it
can develop further research on the influence of the family on the creation of self-esteem of
teenagers in the future.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study received the support and funding from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
through the research code EP-2018-017 and UKM Premier Challenge Grants DCP-2017-
006/4. Appreciation is also conveyed to the CRIM (Centre for Research and Instrumentation),
Centre of Aqidah and Global Peace, Faculty of Islamic Studies, UKM, Faculty of Engineering
and Built Environment, Faculty of Education, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Law, Faculty
of Economy and Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, UKM as well as all those who
have made this research a success.

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