Full name: Lê Hoàng Yến Nhi

Class: D15ATM02

Question 3 (page 137): In what ways do you think membership of the European Union
could affect the nationalist aspirations of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland?

Answer:

Nationalism arouses strong reactions. It has been at the root of genocidal policies, yet has
also been a force for democratic change.

 Northern Ireland

Affection of becoming a membership of EU for the nationalist aspiration of Northern

Ireland expresses by: Two forms of Irish nationalism arose when Britain become member
of EU. One was a radical movement, known as Irish republicanism. It believed the use of
force was necessary to found a secular, egalitarian Irish republic, advocated by groups
such as the Young Irelanders, some of whom launched a rebellion in 1848.

The other nationalist tradition was more moderate, urging non-violent means to seek
concessions from the British government.While both nationalist traditions were
predominantly Catholic in their support base, the hierarchy of the Catholic Church were
opposed to republican separatism on the grounds of its violent methods and secular
ideology, while they usually supported non-violent reformist nationalism.

Daniel O'Connell was the leader of the moderate tendency. O'Connell, head of the
Catholic Association and Repeal Association in the 1820s, '30s and '40s, campaigned for
Catholic Emancipation – full political rights for Catholics – and then "Repeal of the
Union", or Irish self-government under the Crown. Catholic Emancipation was achieved,
but self-government was not. O'Connell's movement was more explicitly Catholic than its
eighteenth century predecessors. It enjoyed the support of the Catholic clergy, who had
denounced the United Irishmen and reinforced the association between Irish identity and
Catholicism.

 Wales

Welsh nationalism was awaked in the mid-nineteenth century. 19th-century figures are
associated with the beginnings of Welsh nationalism. Inspired by the Revolutions of 1848
and the growth of Irish nationalism they saw that Wales was different from England in
having its own language which the majority of its residents spoke and in holding to a
nonconformist form of the Christian religion which faced many disabilities in the face of
the state church.

Nationalism grew as an influence in 20th-century Wales. At various times both the

Labour Party and the Liberal Party took up the cause of Welsh home rule, or devolution.
But it was with the establishment of Plaid Cymru (The Party of Wales) in August 1925
(by David John Williams, Fred Jones, Saunders Lewis, Moses Gruffydd, H. R. Jones and
Lewis Valentine) that Welsh independence from the UK was first advocated.

The Labour Party dominated politics in 1920s; it suffered a sharp setback in 1931, but
maintained its hold on Wales. The leftists such as Aneurin Bevan who dominated the
Party in Wales rejected nationalism as a backward reactionary movement that was more
favorable to capitalism and not to socialism. Instead they wanted a strong government in
London to reshape the entire state economy

 Scotland

The Union of 1707 between England and Scotland contained clauses that protected the
autonomy of the Scottish legal system and the established state church (Church of
Scotland).For Scotland, the Union was a threat to Scottish distinctiveness and
independence “Scotland has no unity except upon the map”.

Member of EU affects that the Ulster unionists seem alien to people living in mainland
Britain. It also gives unionism a backward-looking cast: unionists are isolated from the
country they claim as their own and are cut off from the forces that have changed the rest
of the UK. They are less liberal and less willing to embrace cultural diversity.

Question 4(p.137)

Vietnamese nationalism, in general, has differences compared to nationalism in many

parts of the world. Unlike any type of nationalism in the world, Vietnamese nationalism
appears in every aspect of the society, from cultural, folklore and even military, which
led Vietnam into becoming one of the world's most nationalistic countries. Furthermore,
Vietnam is a single party state. Therefore, there are many difference between the
nationalism of Vietnam and Britain because of theirs nature.

The first real concept of Vietnamese nationalism dated from the late 18th century, when
the Tây Sơn reunited Vietnam into a single state after being separated into Trịnh lords
and Nguyễn lords's North and South. As for the French invasion, many resistances came
around but failed. However, following from time, Vietnamese nationalism also changed
and through it, it also focused on only one goal - independence of Vietnam, however only
after Ho Chi Minh appeared, the Vietnamese nationalism was seriously fueled with it.
Later, Vietnamese nationalism also divided after 1945, when two different parties, the
Communists in the North and the pro-Western in the South, had affected on Vietnam.
Many wars later arrived, but the Northern Communists proved to be more successful on
using its nationalism than the South. Their victory on the Battle of Dien Bien Phu had
brought Vietnam into serious nationalist conflicts which had led to Vietnam War. Again,
after 1975, the Communists proved to be the masters of using Vietnamese nationalism by
reunifying it, in power.