DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE

SUMBER UTAMA ----

Column
Harun Alrasyid

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
2 INTRODUCTION
Pedestal Column

If the height of an upright compression member is less than three times

its least lateral dimensions (very short column)

Short Column

12 fail materially (yielding failure)

Long Column

12 fail structurally (buckling failure)

* lex and ley = effective length of x and y axes

 3 TYPE OF COLUMNS

Composite columns, are concrete columns

that are reinforced longitudinally by
structural steel shapes, which may or may
not be surrounded by structural steel bars,
or they may consist of structural steel tubing
filled with concrete (commonly called lally
columns).
4 DETAIL OF REINFORCEMENT COLUMN
5 DETAIL OF REINFORCEMENT COLUMN

Transversal
Reinforcement

Beam Longitudinal (Main)

Reinforcement Reinforcement

Reinforcement
Spacing (should be
consider diameter of
Slabs
coarse aggregate)
Reinforcement

Concrete to Provide
Clear Cover
6 DESIGN OF COLUMN

 Dimension (Rectangular, Circular, Square)

 Minimum of bars diameter (Longitudinal and Transverse)
 Minimum of bars spacing (Longitudinal and Transverse)
7 TYPICAL TIE ARRANGEMENTS
8
Nominal Strength Of A Short Axially Loaded
Column With Centrically Load

Pn = nominal strength of a short axially loaded column

F’c = compressive concrete strength
Ag = gross concrete area
Ast = total cross-sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement
fy = yield strength of reinforcement steel
 9
Nominal Strength Of A Short Axially Loaded
Column With Centrically Load
In the pages that follow, the letter e is used to represent the eccentricity of
the load. The reader may not understand this term because he or she has
analyzed a structure and has computed an axial load, Pu, and a bending
moment, Mu, but no specific eccentricity, e, for a particular column. The
term e represents the distance the axial load, Pu, would have to be off
center of the column to produce Mu. Thus

or

In today’s code, minimum eccentricities are not specified, but the same
objective is accomplished by requiring that theoretical axial load
capacities be multiplied by a factor sometimes called α, which is equal to
0.85 for spiral columns and 0.80 for tied columns
10 CAPACITY OF COLUMNS

Axial load capacity of columns may not be greater than the following
values :

It is to be clearly understood that the preceding expressions are to be

used only when the moment is quite small or when there is no
calculated moment.
11 LIMITATION

 The percentage of longitudinal reinforcement may not be less than

1% of the gross cross-sectional area of a column

 The maximum percentage of steel may not be greater than 8% of the

gross cross-sectional area of the column

Limits for reinforcement of compression members

Area of longitudinal reinforcement, Ast, for non-composite compression
members shall be not less than 0.01Ag or more than 0.08Ag.
12 LIMITATION

The center-to-center spacing of ties shall not be more than

 16 times the diameter of the longitudinal bars,

 48 times the diameter of the ties (transverse reinforcement), or
 the least lateral dimension of the column.
13 COLUMN STRAINS
14 REDUCTION FACTOR OF COLUMN
15 COLUMN DESIGN (EXAMPLE 1)
16 COLUMN DESIGN (EXAMPLE 1)
17 COLUMN DESIGN (EXAMPLE 1)

Final column cross section
18 COLUMN DESIGN (EXAMPLE 1)

Final column cross section
19 COLUMN DESIGN (EXAMPLE 2)
20 COLUMN DESIGN (EXAMPLE 2)
21 COLUMN DESIGN (EXAMPLE 2)
22 Column Subjected to Axial and Bending
23 Capacity of Columns

• Axial load capacity of columns may not be greater 
than the following values :

It is to be clearly understood that the preceding expressions are to be used only when the moment is 
quite small or when there is no calculated moment.
24 Capacity of Columns
25 Capacity of Columns
26 Capacity of Columns
Example

3 in
7 in

10 in
27 Capacity of Columns
28 Capacity of Columns

Known Es = 29,000 ksi
29 Capacity of Columns

Square column
30 Capacity of Columns
31 Capacity of Columns
32 3 Main Point of Interaction Diagram
• Pn when Mn = 0
• Mn when Pn = 0
• Mn and Pn in balanced loading condition
33 Interaction Diagram
34 Interaction Diagram
35 Interaction Diagram
36 Interaction Diagram
37 Interaction Diagram
38 Interaction Diagram
Column interaction diagrams provided
by ACI (Page 657 of Design of
Reinforced Concrete Book)

• Be sure that the column 
picture at the upper right 
of the interaction curve 
being used agrees with 
the column being 
considered. In other 
words, are there bars on 
two faces of the column 
or on all four faces? If the 
wrong curves are 
selected, the answers 
may be quite incorrect
39 Interaction Diagram
40 Interaction Diagram
DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
SUMBER UTAMA ----

THANK YOU
Email Dosen : ---------------------------------------------

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER