A Summer Training Report

on

BITUMINOUS(ASPHALT)ROAD
At

UTTAR PRADESH PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

C.D.-3(P.P.) , AZAMGARH

Submitted for partial fulfillment for the award of degree

Bachelor of Technology
IN CIVIL ENGG.
Submitted to:- Submitted By:-

DEPARTMENT OF AKHILANAND GAURAV

CIVIL ENGINEERING (CIVIL ENGG.) B.TECH 4th Yr

ROLL NO-1673600903

RAJKIYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEOGAON, AZAMGARH

 ACKNOWLADGEMENT

I express my satisfaction on the completion of this summer training program and project report

submission as a part of the curriculum for the degree of Bachelor of Technology, Civil

Engineering. I express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor and mentor Mr. MANOJ KUMAR

for his kind guidance during the entire period of training. His consistent support and advices

has helped me to complete this research project successfully. Also I thank all the members of

P.W.D., AZAMGARH, U.P. Department for their kind support. They have always been a source

of inspiration to me.

DATE :- 02/08/2018 AKHILANAND GAURAV

 INTRODUCTION OF BITUMEN

• Bitumen is a black or dark coloured solid or viscous cementitious substance

having an adhesive properties.

• It consist of chiefly high molecular weight hydrocarban derived from

distillation of petroleum or natural asphalt.

• It is a semi-solid hydrocarban product produce by removing the lighter

fractions(such as liquid petroleum gas, petrol and diesel ) from heavy crude
oil during the refining process .

• Bitumen is after confused with tar .Although Bitumen and Tar are Similarly
Black and sticky, they are distintly different Subastance in Origin , chemical
composition and in their properties .

• Tar are residues from the distructive distillation of organic subastance such
as coal, wood, or petroleum.
 CONTENT

1. PWD INTRODUCTION

2. INTRODUCTION OF BITUMINOUS ROAD

3. ROAD LAYERS

4. TEST

5. BITUMINOUS ROAD CONSTRUCTION STEPS

6. MACHINERIES USE IN ROAD PAVEMENT

 PWD INTRODUCTION

Point of view geographic and population of the state is the nation's largest state. State
Industrial, economic and social development of the state and the population of each village is
absolute necessary to re-connect to the main roads. In addition to state important national
roads, state roads and district roads and their proper broad be made to improve the quality of
traffic point of view is of particular importance. Public Works Department to build roads and
improve

connectivity in rural zones, Other District Road and State broad and improvement of rural roads
and main routes narrow construction of zones and depleted bridges brides reconstruction of
the bases are transacted on a priority basis . Also under Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana and
prefabricated construction of rural roads linking the work of other district roads broad Suddikrn
the scale bases are edited.

Successful operation of various schemes for the Public Works Department engineers and
supervisory boards in different districts of the engineer’s office has been settled. Activities by
planning, execution, and quality control etc. remove impediments find joy in relation to the
supervision over the activities are focused. Various schemes operated by the Department of the
Office of the Regional Chief Engineers and Chief Engineers office.

INTRODUCTION TO BITUMINOUS ROAD

• Bituminous road is a road constructed by using bitumen .

• It is also called flexible pavement road
• Because it changes its shape according to nature of load
and sub base.
• A road or pavement is a structure consisting of
 • superimposed of processed material above the natural
soil sub-grade, whose primary function is to distribute
the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade .
• This type of pavement has four layers , namely,Sub-grade
(bottom layer ),sub- base, base, and wearing surface (top
most).

ROAD LAYERS

1.SUB-GRADE LAYER:-
• The sub grade is the layer of naturally occuring material or the
fill material the road is built upon.

• The strength of the subgrade layer is measured using the CBR

test.

• The strength of the subgrade layer is an important factor

influencing the thickness of the road pavement design.

• Where the subgrade is weak, i.e a low CBR, it will be necessary

to capping layer over the subgrade to increase the actual road
pavement thickness is designed.

2.CAPPING LAYER :
 • When the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of the sub grade is
than 5 % ,if is normal to require a suitable capping layer of low
cost material .
• This capping layer is usually a granular type material designed
provide a working plat for on which sub-grade construction can
proceed with minimum intersuption from wet weather.

• Capping is also to minimize the effect of a weak subgrade

pavement strength .

3.SUB BASE LAYER :

• This particular layer in road pavement construction.

• The primary function of sub base layer are

• Improve drainage

• Minimize frost action damage .

• Provide a working platform for construction .

• The material used in this layer

• Granular Sub base (GSB)

• Cement bound material

 GSB Type-1 This material is typically
crushed stone ,crushed slag , crushed concrete or non-
plastic well-burnt shale .

GSB Type -2 Itis a much finer material , has

a much wider grading envelope and is of a lesser
“engineering” qualify than GSB Type -1. Therefor it
does not generate as much interlock as a type 1 and is
consequently not a strong .

4. ROAD BASE (BASE)

• The road base is the main load-bearing , load ,load
sepreading layer . In road structure usually 100 mm or more
thick depending on the loading of the traffic for which the
road is designed .

• The road base is usually a bituminous material ,dense

bitumen macadam (asphalt concrete )or hot rolled asphalt.

5.BINDER COURSE
• This is the layer of material below the surface
course and above road base.

• The base course (binder course ) is a load spreading layer,

spreading the load imposed on the wearing course (surface
course ) over a wider area of the road base .

• Base course (binder course) is most commonly a bituminous

material, can be either Hot rolled asphalt or dense bitumen
Macadam (asphalt concrete).
 • This is a strengthening layer of the pavement and should be
at least 40 mm ,preferably 50 mm thick.

6.WEARING COURSE OR SURFACE COURSE

• The wearing course is top layer of the road pavement
and is designed.

• To be impervious to the ingress (entering )of water .

• To have an even running surface .

• To be durable , and have a high resistsnce to skidding,

• To be chosen so as not to deform the weight of trafic .

1.SEAL COAT-

• It is a thin surface treatment used to water proof the

surface and to provide skid resistance .

2.TRACK COAT-

• It is very light application of asphalt , usually

asphalt emulsion diluted with water .it provide proper
bonding between two layer of binder course and must
be thin ,uniformly cover the entire surface ,and set
very fast.

3.PRIME COAT-

• It is an application of low viscous cutback bitumen to

an absorbent surface like granular bases on which
binder layer is placed . Unlike tack coat ,prime coat
 penetrates into the layer below ,plugs the voids ,and
forms a water tight surface .

TEST
THE MARSHALL STABILITY OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURE
This test is done to determine the Marshall Stability of bituminous
mixture as per ASTM D 1559.The principle of this test is that Mar
shall Stability is the resistance to plastic flow of cylindrical
specimen of bituminous mixture loaded on the lateral surface .it is
the load carrying capacity of the mix at 60'c and is measured in kg.
The apparatus needed to determine Marshall stability of
bituminous mixture is

1. Marshall stability apparatus

2. Balance and water bath

The sample needed is

From
Marshall stability graph ,select proportions of coarse aggregates, fine
aggregates and filler in such a way ,so as to fulfill the required
specification. The total weight of mix should be 1200 gram.

PROCEDURE TO DETERMINE MARSHALL STABILITY OF

BITUMINOUS MIXTURE
1.Heat the weighed aggregates and the bitumen separately upto 170'
and 163'C respectively .

2. Mix them throughly , transfer the mixed material to the compaction

mould arranged on the compaction pedestal .

3. Give 75 blows on the top side the specimen mix with a standard ha
mmer ( 45 cm,4.86 kg).Reverse the specimen and cool it for a few
minutes.

4. Remove the specimen from the mould by gentle pushing .

Mark the specimen and care it at room temperature oernight.

5. A Series of specimen are prepared by a similar method with varying

quantities of bitumen content ,with an increment of 0.5 % (3 specimen)
or 1 bitumen content .

6. Before testing of the mould ,keep the mould in the water bath having
a temperature of 60'C for half an hour .

7. Check the stability of the mould on the Marshall Stability apparatus.

REPORTING OF RESULT :
Plot of bitumen content on the X-axis and stability in kg on the Y-axis to
get maximum Marshall stability of the bitumen mix, A sample plot is
given .
BITUMINOUS ROAD CONSTRUCTIONS STEPS
1. Preparation of base
W.B.M. base
As base material of W.B.M. Road; stone ballast, concrete 10-15cm
layer are used. For bonding between concrete slab & W.B.M. used
1:2 cement wash on W.B.M .

Granular medium material layer

10-15cm composite layer of sand , moorum, bajriare usedfor
better drainage facilities

Stabilizations oil

2. Application of Tuck Coat

It is desirable to lay AC layer over a bituminous base or binder course. A
tack coat of bitumen is applied at 6.0 to 7.5 kg per 10 sq.marea, this
quantity may be increased to 7.5 to 10 kg for non-
bituminous base.

2. Prepration and placing of Premix

 The premix is prepared in a hot mix plant of a required capacity with
the desired quality control. The bitumen may be heated upto 150 – 177
deg C and the aggregate temperature should not differ by over 14 deg
C from the binder temperature. The hot mixed material is collected
from the mixture by the transporters, carried to the location is spread
by a mechanical paver at a temperature of 121 to 163 deg C. the
camber and the thickness of the layer are accurately verified. The
control of the temperatures during the mixing and the compaction are
of great significance in the strength of the resulting pavement structure

4. Rolling
A mix after it is placed on the base course is thoroughly compacted by
rolling at a speed not more than 5km per hour.
The initial or break down rolling is done by 8 to 12 tonnes roller and the
intermediate rolling is done with a fixed wheel pneumatic roller of 15 to
30 tonnes having a tyre pressure of 7kg per sq.cm. the wheels of the
roller are kept damp with water.
The number of passes required depends on the thickness of the layer.
In warm weather rolling on the next day, helps to increase the density if
the initial rolling was not adequate. The final rolling or finishing is done
by 8 to 10 tonne tandem roller.

5. Quality control of bituminous concrete

construction
The routine checks are carried out at site to ensure the quality of the
resulting pavement mixture and the pavement surface. Periodical
checks are made for
a) Aggregate grading
b) Grade of bitumen
c)Temperature of aggregate
d)Temperature of paving mix during mixing and compaction.
At least one sample for every 100 tonnes of the mix discharged by the
hot mix plant is collected and tested for above requirements. Marshall
tests are also conducted. For every 100 sq.m of the compacted surface,
one test of the field density is conducted to check whether it is atleast
95% of the density obtained in the laboratory. The variation in the
thickness allowed is 6mm per 4.5m length of construction.

6. Finished surface:

7.Open to traffic
Road is open to traffic as soon as bitumen gets cooled to its
surrounding temperature

MACHINERIES FOR THE PAVEMENT OF THE ROAD

• ROLLERS
• DOZERS
• GRADERS
• PLAT COMPACTOR
• PLANERS
• ASPHALT PAVERS
• TANDOM VIBRATORY ROLLER
• PAVER
• BITUMEN SPRAYER
• MILLERS
• ASPHALT SPLITTING MACHINES