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POSTED ON OCTOBER 10, 2015 BY DR. DEEPAK BHANOT 2 COMMENTS

10 Similarities between High

Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas
Chromatography (GC)
The dissimilarities
between HPLC and GC
were discussed in the
earlier article- How are
Gas chromatography (GC)
and High Performance
liquid chromatography
(HPLC) di erent?. The
present article discusses
10 key features which are
common to both the
techniques. On going
POPULAR LATEST
through these features
you will recollect your Autosample- Common feature of GC and HPLC systems TODAY WEEK MONTH ALL

basic understanding of Jetpack plugin with Stats module

chromatography and needs to be enabled.
appreciate the commonality between the two most popular separation techniques.

1. Common basis TOPICS

Separation of components of a mixture, their identi cation and quanti cation is the common
AAS (53)
underlying objective of both the techniques. This is achieved through a choice of columns, mobile
phases, stationary phases, detectors and operating conditions. Analytical Chemistry (3)

Calculations (5)
2. Role of Mobile Phase
Chemical (2)
The mobile phase plays an important role in transporting the sample to the separating column
Chromatography (9)
and its separated components to the detector in a sequential manner. While both HPLC and GC
function on the same principle the only di erence is that HPLC uses liquid mobile phase whereas Environmental Analysis (2)
GC employs a gas as the carrier.
Featured (2)

3. Sample Introduction Free e-courses (2)

Gas Chromatography (55)

Both GC and HPLC are capable of analysis of liquids and dissolved solid mixtures though gaseous
mixtures are also routinely analyzed using GC. Sample introduction techniques are common General Topics (140)
generally common.A gas tight syringe is su cient for introduction of liquid samples. For gases
Guest Posts (27)
Teddler bags or auto sampler (manual or automated operation) are used.In HPLC systems the
mobile phase is moving under higher pressure so direct syringe injection is not possible. A HPLC (60)
syringe is used to ll a xed volume loop in the manual sample introduction valve and with the ICP Techniques (13)
change of the valve position the entire sample inside the loop is carried by the mobile phase into
Jobs (1)
the column. Auto samplers are a great help for unattended operation when the number of
samples is large. Lab Bytes (17)

Lab Management (95)

4. Stationary Phases
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Separation of the sample components inside the columns takes place on the basis of distribution Laboratory Insurance (8)
of sample components between the stationary phase and the moving carrier mobile phase. The
Laboratory Safety (13)
distribution is in uenced by physico – chemical interactions between the sample components
and the stationary phase materials. An exception is Gel Permeation chromatography where Method Validation (1)

separation takes place due to di erence in size of the eluting molecules. Microbiology (14)

News (3)
5. Band Broadening
Paper Chromatography (10)
Band broadening is a major contribution to loss of resolution as it leads to overlap and merger of
otherwise well separated peaks. Van Deemter equation describes the overall e ciency of a GC or pH Measurement (3)

HPLC column and takes into consideration factors like di usion, mass transfer and velocity of Preformulation Studies (3)
mobile phase. The relationship is helpful for understanding of band broadening and optimization
Quality System (9)
of operating conditions for both GC and HPLC separations.
Separation Science (11)

6. Peak Response Spectroscopy (80)

Both GC and HPLC chromatograms look similar. The response is peak shaped in both cases and Stability studies (8)
the concentration of the eluting compound is proportional to the peak height or peak area.
Training (21)
Principally four methods are used for quantitative estimations both in HPLC and GC:
Weighing (3)
Normalization of Peak areas
Internal standard method
External standard Method
Standard additions method

7. Reference standards
The basis of quantitative analysis is comparison of the sample response with that of a pure
reference compound. Such reference working standards need to be validated from time to time
by comparison of their speci ed parameters against standards traceable to certi ed materials
available from internationally recognized standardization bodies. In routine analysis you need to
verify the retention time of injected standards on GC or HPLC systems under speci ed operating
conditions.

8. Common Application Softwares

Mostly manufacturers supply common HPLC and GC application software as peak analysis and
data treatment are common . This is a big bene t if the systems are procured from the same
manufacturer and multi user licences are obtained. Such softwares also help set up operational
parameters and method sequencing.

Examples of software provided by reputed suppliers are:

1. Perkin Elmer- Total Chrom

2. Agilent- Chemstation, EZ Chrom Elite
3. Thermo Scienti c- Chromleon 7.1

9. Hyphenation with other techniques

Both GC and HPLC have been successfully hyphenated with Mass Spectroscopy to achieve
excellent resolutions and high sensitivities. Both the techniques have also been successfully
coupled with FT-IR to arrive at structural con rmations on separated mixture components.

10. Expression of Column E ciency

The e ciency of both HPLC and GC columns is expressed in terms of Height equivalent to
theoretical plate(HETP). This value is used in deciding the useful life of both GC and HPLC
columns over their usage.

Both GC and HPLC are the pillar stones of chromatographic analytical laboratories and while it is
important to know the di erences between them it is equally important to understand the
similarities so as to decide on the right method for a particular application in hand.

Filed Under: Gas Chromatography, HPLC Tagged With: Gas Chromatography, Gc, High-performance
Liquid Chromatography, Hplc

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About Dr. Deepak Bhanot

Dr Deepak Bhanot is a seasoned professional having nearly 30 years expertise
beginning from sales and product support of analytical instruments. After
completing his graduation and post graduation from Delhi University and IIT
Delhi he went on to Loughborough University of Technology, UK for doctorate research in
analytical chemistry. His mission is to develop training programs on analytical techniques and
share his experiences with broad spectrum of users ranging from professionals engaged in
analytical development and research as well as young enthusiasts fresh from academics who
wish to embark upon a career in analytical industry.

Comments

jaswinder kaur says:

December 18, 2016 at 11:30 pm

very helpful for me to understand roots and tips of HPLC basics.

Reply

Dr. Deepak Bhanot says:

December 20, 2016 at 11:30 am

Thanks Jaswinder for your kind words of appreciation.You may nd our free
introductory courses on HPLC and GC of use as well and in case you feel
interested further then consider joining our paid certi cate courses as well.We are
o ering attractive discount on registrations which will be valid till 15th January
2017. In case you require further information please feel free to contact on my e-
mail id.

Reply

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