Unit 1

Answer key
1 A 2 / B 7 / C 4 / D 3 / E 9 / F 1 / G 5 / H 10 / I 6 / J 8
2 1 f / 2 c / 3 b / 4 a / 5 d / 6 e
3 1 You trip in the drill string by lowering it through the rotary table into the well hole. / 2 You rig up by
raising the derrick and assembling the equipment on the rig. / 3 You make up the string by attaching the
drill bit to the drill collar and drill pipes. / 4 You break out the string by unscrewing all the drill pipes from
one another. / 5 You trip out the string by lifting the drill bit, collar and drill pipes out of the well hole. /
6 You lay down the pipes by putting them down horizontally on the pipe racks. / 7 You shut in the well
by closing all the valves on the well head and stopping oil from pouring out. / 8 You install the casing by
running a casing pipe down the well and fixing it in the well with cement.

4 1 shutting, in, shut, in / 2 tripping, out, tripped, out

5 1 We’re setting them back now. OK, we’ve set them back. / 2 We’re laying them down now. OK, we’ve
laid them down. / 3 We’re picking it up now. OK, we’ve picked it up. / 4 We’re making it up now. OK,
we’ve made it up.

6 1 rotary table / 2 casing / 3 winch / 4 drill bit / 5 hook / 6 drill collar

7 Possible answers: 1 You make the kelly rotate by means of the rotary table. / 2 You prevent the sides of
the well hole from collapsing using a casing pipe. / 3 You raise and lower the cable by using a winch. /
4 You cut the rock at the bottom of the well by means of the drill bit. / 5 You attach the kelly to the swivel
using the hook. / 6 You add a heavy weight to the drill bit by using the drill collar.

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 Unit 2

Answer key
1 1 drilling engineer / 2 mud engineer / 3 toolpusher / 4 motorhand / 5 driller / 6 derrickhand /
7 roughneck / 8 roustabout

2 1 manages / 2 reports / 3 does not / 4 receives / 5 is / 6 reports to / 7 control / 8 handling /

9 works / 10 supervises

3 1 was / 2 studied / 3 have / 4 joined / 5 doing / 6 completed / 7 attending / 8 planning / 9 attend

4 Possible answers: 1 What was your first oil job, and where was it? / 2 When did you join the Marina
Rig? / 3 Where are you working at the moment, and what job are you doing? / 4 What qualifications
do you have? / 5 Where did you study for your diploma? / 6 When did you start work on the New Star
offshore platform? / 7 When did you do your safety training? / 8 Are you following any training courses at
the moment?

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 Unit 3

Answer key
1 A Fixed platforms / B Compliant towers / C Sea star platforms / D Tension leg platforms / E Spar platforms
2 1 F / 2 F / 3 T / 4 T / 5 T / 6 T
3 1 longer and wider / 2 deepest / 3 deep / 4 strongest, most flexible / 5 least flexible 6 / long
4 1 more lightweight / 2 shallower / 3 shorter / 4 cheaper / 5 easier / 6 safer / 7 fewer / 8 less / 9 small /
10 largest / 11 deepest / 12 most economical

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 Unit 4

Answer key
1 1 Surveying and mapping the sea bed / 2 Planning the route of the pipeline / 3 Constructing the pipes /
4 Connecting the pipes into a pipeline / 5 Laying the pipeline on the sea bed / 6 Burying the pipeline
under the sea bed / 7 Cleaning out the pipeline before use

2 A Fig 2 / B Fig 1 / 1 trench / 2 pipeline / 3 stinger / 4 anchor line / 5 anchor / 6 gravel

3 1 The oil is brought onshore by means of pipelines. / 2 The pipes are covered with bitumen and concrete.
/ 3 The pipes are welded together on the lay barge. / 4 The new pipeline is laid on the sea bed using a lay
barge. / 5 The lay barge is winched forwards using its anchor lines. / 6 A trench is dug under the pipeline
using a pipe trenching barge.

4 1 The pipes are coated with bitumen, which protects them from water. / 2 The sailors switch on the
winch, which pulls the barge forwards. / 3 The pipes are taken to the welders, who join them together
into a pipeline. / 4 The pipeline is guided by a stinger, which prevents it from sinking too quickly. /
5 They use a pipeline inspection gauge, which cleans out the pipe. / 6 The pipeline route is planned by
surveyors, who map the sea bed.

5 1 c / 2 a / 3 e / 4 b / 5 d
6 Possible answer: First, the jacket is fabricated onshore. Next, the finished jacket is towed out to the field
in calm weather and launched into the sea. Next, the jacket is turned right side up by flooding the tanks
in its legs. Then piles are driven to secure the jacket to the sea bed. Finally, the platform is brought to the
jacket and lifted onto the jacket by means of cranes.

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 Unit 5

Answer key
1 1 annular BOP / 2 blind ram BOP / 3 shear ram BOP
2 1 blind ram BOP / 2 annular BOP / 3 shear ram BOP
3 Possible answers: 1 What’s the blowout preventer for? / 2 Where is the BOP located? / 3 Why is the BOP
needed? (or, What’s the BOP needed for?) / 4 How is the well shut down by the blind ram BOP? / 5 When
do the oil workers start the kill procedure? / 6 How are the rams on the BOP operated (or, powered)?

4 1 blowout preventer / 2 annular BOP / 3 shear ram BOP / 4 choke line / 5 seal of an annular BOP /
6 blades on a shear ram BOP / 7 plates on a blind ram BOP / 8 BOP stack

5 1 which / 2 for / 3 to / 4 that / 5 to / 6 for / 7 as / 8 used

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 Unit 6

Answer key
1 The following rules were broken: 5, 7
2 A 6 / B 5, 7, 8, 9 / C 1, 10 / D 3, 4 / E 2 / F 11, 12 / G 14, 15, 16 / H 13
3 Possible answers: 1 PPE must be worn at all times on the platform. / 2 The response time of the safety
vessel has to be checked. / 3 A danger zone needs to be established and clearly marked around the
rotary table. / 4 Lanyards have to be taken off near moving equipment. 5 Loose clothing, long hair,
jewellery and watches need to be removed or confined. / 6 Dangerous items must not be brought aboard
offshore oil rigs.

4 1 should be, marked / 2 should be installed / 3 should not be permitted / 4 should be located / 5 should
be set up / 6 should be removed
Escape routes on oil platform
5
TSR

B A

6 You are here (point B). To reach the TSR, follow these directions. Go straight ahead. Take the second
turning on your right and go straight ahead. Then take the first turning on your left and go straight ahead.
You will come to a T junction. Turn left. The TSR is on your right.
J7274
PEARSON Tech Eng Webiste Petroleum 02
aw_06_04_J7274.eps
AW by HL Studios

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 Unit 7

Answer key
1 1 gas / 2 oil / 3 water / 4 cap rock / 5 reservoir rock / 6 source rock
2 A Fig 2 / B Fig 3 / C Fig 1
3 1 F / 2 T / 3 T / 4 T
4 1 be, don’t / 2 have, set up, drilling / 3 be, drill / 4 trapping, looking
5 (a) 4 / (b) 6 / (c) 1 / (d) 9 / (e) 7 / (f) 8 / (g) 2 / (h) 3 / (i) 5
6 1 Our company was asked to do a survey of Zone 3. / 2 The survey was completed last week on
schedule. / 3 The survey report was received yesterday. / 4 No direct evidence of oil deposits was found. /
5 Some interesting features were observed. / 6 An anticline and a fault were seen.

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 Unit 8

Answer key
1 1 T / 2 F / 3 T / 4 F / 5 T / 6 T
2 1 Because it can’t be used as it is. It contains a mixture of useful substances, but they have to be
separated out. / 2 That different substances have different boiling points, and therefore condense at
different temperatures. / 3 The tray. / 4 To allow the gas to bubble through the liquid and help it to
condense more quickly.

3 A 5 / B 7 / C 6 / D 1 / E 3 / F 8 / G 2 / H 4
4 1 which / 2 When / 3 by / 4 As / 5 for / 6 from / 7 that / 8 to
5 1 has to be refined, can be used for petrol or jet
2 oil was burnt in lamps, is extracted from

3 is boiled, the factions are converted into

4 fluid is collected by, is carried out of the fractionator through a

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 Unit 9

Answer key
1 offshore: Fig 1 / onshore: Fig 2
2 1 seismic wave / 2 air gun / 3 hydrophone / 4 rock layer / 5 thumper truck / 6 plates / 7 geophone /
8 seismic recording truck

3 1 thumper truck / 2 seismic recording truck / 3 seismic ship / 4 air gun / 5 geophone / 6 hydrophone
4 1 ground survey / 2 rock layers / 3 air gun / 4 shock waves
5 1 Do you know how old the rock is? / 2 Find out what kind of rock is under this point. / 3 They study
the rock to check how porous it is. / 4 We need to know how much liquid or gas the rock contains. /
5 Seismology studies how seismic waves move through the Earth. / 6 The geophysicist estimates exactly
how deep the oil is.

6 1 for example / 2 in other words / 3 However / 4 In addition

7 1 about / 2 one-third / 3 just over / 4 one-eighth / 5 one-tenth / 6 one-eighth / 7 just under / 8 one-tenth

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 Unit 10

Answer key
1 1 viscous / 2 fluid / 3 immiscible / 4 miscible / 5 volatile / 6 stable / 7 flammable / 8 non-flammable
2 1 viscous / 2 miscible / 3 flammable / 4 volatile / 5 fluid / 6 immiscible / 7 non-flammable / 8 stable
3 1 When petrol evaporates, the gas is flammable. / 2 Oil floats on the surface of the sea because it cannot
be mixed with water. / 3 This lubricating oil remains viscous at high temperatures. / 4 We need to buy an
oil that can be poured easily when it is cold. / 5 Jet fuels such as avtur must have a low volatility. / 6 This
oil is too dangerous because it can be ignited at a low temperature.

4 1 Objective / 2 Procedure / 3 Result

5 First, heat a hot plate to 135° C. Secondly, shake the oil sample vigorously to make the water molecules
spread equally through the oil. Finally, drop a small amount of oil onto the hot plate using a clean
dropper. If you don’t hear any crackling, and you don’t see any bubbles of vapour after a few seconds, the
oil is free of water. However, if you see bubbles or hear crackling, there is some water in the oil.

6 1 of / 2 to / 3 is / 4 is / 5 to / 6 if / 7 is / 8 does / 9 does / 10 is
7 1 This oil must not be used because it contains water. / 2 This fuel ignites at low temperatures, and so
it is too dangerous for cars. / 3 Jet planes need fuels with low volatility, since they fly at high altitudes. /
4 We’ll be driving in a cold country, and therefore we must use an oil with a low pour point.

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 Unit 11

Answer key
1 1 fractional distillation / 2 alkylation / 3 reforming / 4 cracking / 5 treating / 6 blending
2 1 fractional distillation, distillation column, separate fractions from crude oil, cool fractions at different
temperatures / 2 cracking, cracking unit, break down heavy hydrocarbons, heat under high pressure / 3
reforming, reformer, combine hydrocarbons, heat under pressure, use platinum as catalyst / 4 alkylation,
alkylation unit, change hydrocarbons, use sulphuric acid as catalyst / 5 treating, treatment unit, remove
sulphur, pass through chemical filters / 6 blending, blender, create products such as petrol, mix fractions
together

3 Choose any three from these: 1 Fractional distillation takes place in the distillation column. The purpose
of this process is to separate the fractions. It is done by cooling the fractions at different temperatures. /
2 Cracking takes place in the cracking unit. The purpose of this process is to break down heavy
hydrocarbons into smaller, lighter ones. It is done by heating them under high pressure. / 3 Reforming
takes place in the reformer. The purpose of this process is to combine hydrocarbons into larger, heavier
ones. It is done by heating them under pressure, using platinum as a catalyst. / 4 Alkylation takes place
in the alkylation unit. The purpose of this process is to change the hydrocarbons. It is done by using
sulphuric acid as a catalyst. / 5 Treating takes place in the treatment unit. The purpose of this process is to
remove sulphur from the hydrocarbons. It is done by passing the hydrocarbons through chemical filters. /
6 Blending takes place in the blender. The purpose of this process is to create products such as petrol. It
is done by mixing the fractions together.

4 1 for coming / 2 to explain / 3 by saying / 4 brings me to / 5 let’s look at / 6 move / 7 turn to / 8 shows /
9 shown / 10 like to

5 1 advantage, that / 2 disadvantage, which / 3 drawback, of / 4 benefit, be / 5 would, recommend /

6 suggest, should

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 Unit 12

Answer key
1 1 2 km / 2 300 m / 3 28 m / 4 35 km / 5 2 miles/ 6 8 km
2 1 F / 2 T / 3 F / 4 F / 5 T / 6 T
3 Possible answers: 1 What shape are snake wells? / 2 What are the advantages of snake wells? / 3 How
are snake wells able to hit small targets so accurately? / 4 How are the pressure and temperature inside
snake wells monitored? / 5 When was the Champion West field discovered and developed? / 6 How is
data transferred from the equipment to the surface of the snake well?

4 1 be produced / 2 be developed / 3 are controlled / 4 are generated / 5 are monitored / 6 is transmitted /

7 were drilled / 8 was extracted / 9 was not located / 10 found / 11 was not used / 12 was inserted /
13 was extracted / 14 was increased / 15 were reduced / 16 were added

5 1 that are / 2 which was / 3 which is / 4 that is / 5 which were / 6 which are

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