Friction created by surface on the object is a

constant.
Consider a force acts on an object which is
placed on a horizontal surface plan. You can 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
i.e, = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
observe that, the object is not moving until
the force increased to a certain level from This constant is named as the
zero force. Do you know why it is not coefficient of static friction or coefficient of
moving until force increased to a certain friction and denoted by𝜇.
level? Because, when the force acts on the 𝐹𝑠
object, an opposite force will be created by =𝜇; 𝐹𝑠 = 𝜇𝑅
𝑅
the surface plan on the object. This
opposite force is called as the frictional
force. After the force increased up to that
particular level, if we try to increase the
force further, object will move. That
occasion is named as the limiting case.

When an object placed on a surface plan,

tries to move on the surface plan or when it
moves on the surface, due to an external
force acts on it, the opposite force create by
 Always, 0 ≤ 𝜇 ≤ 1and if𝜇 = 0, it
the surface plan in opposite direction is
indicates that surface is frictionless.
called as the frictional force.

 Magnitude of frictional force does  There is frictional force acting on the

not depend on the touching area of
the object with the surface. It
depends on the surface condition/
surface roughness. When surface
roughness increase, magnitude of
friction will increase.
 Frictional force will be maximized at
limiting case and it is named as
limiting frictional force.
object when the object is moving
too. It is defined as dynamic
frictional force or kinetic frictional
force.
 Kinematic frictional force is always
less than static frictional force.

 Ratio between limiting frictional

force (Fs) and Normal reaction (R)
Example: extra force to keep the speed
constantly.
1. A wooden box with mass ‘m’ is placed
5.
on a table. One end of a mass less string
is attached to this box and other end is
attached to a balance tray as per
following figure. The pulley is
frictionless. When the

Tutorial - Force and Momentum

1. Velocity of an object, which has mass

5kg, is increased from 2ms-1 up to 7ms-1
within 10s, because of the constant
force acts on it. Find the magnitude of
the force if there is no change of
direction of motion.

2. Find the total time required by the 50kg

object which moves with speed 20ms-1,
when a resistance force of 100N acts on
it.

3. A 60g bullet strikes on a wooden block

with velocity 200m/s and penetrates
through it. Then it comes out with
velocity 100m/s. Resistance force
applied on the bullet by the wooden
block is 6000N. Find the thickness of the
wooden block and the elapsed time of
the bullet to penetrate through the
block.

4. In a cement making factory, lime stones

drops on a running belt with rate of
0.5kgs-1. Speed of the running belt is
2ms-1 and it does not vary when lime
stones dropped on it. Find the required
 R

P
Fs