DGT801 TECHNICAL MANUAL V1.3-090108（印刷） PDF

Q/GDNZ.
JB081-2006
registration mark：1329-2006
DGT 801 SERIES

DIGITAL GENERATOR TRANSFORMER
PROTECTION
TECHNICAL MANUAL
GUODIAN NANJING AUTOMATION CO.，LTD.

DGT 801 Series
Digital Generator Transformer Protection
Technical Manual
Edited by
Proofread by
Approved by
V 1.3
Guodian Nanjing Automation Co.，Ltd.

Nanjing Guodian Nanzi Lingyi Electric Automation Co.，Ltd.
Jan 2008
Modification Record
VERSION REVISION DATE COMMENT

V1.0 1 Apr. 2003 Created
V1.1 1 Jun. 2004 Add technical data
V1.2 1 Jul. 2005 Add technical data
V1.3 1 Jan. 2008 Add technical data for DGT801D and DGT801E
* For more information, please visit our web：http://www.sac-china.com

* TEL：4008876268，FAX：+86-25-83537598
* Supervised by the technology department of Guodian Nanjing Automation Co.,Ltd.
Liability Statement
We have checked the text of this manual against the hardware and software described.
Exclusions and deviations cannot be ruled out; we accept no liability for lack of total
agreement. The information in this manual is checked periodically, and necessary
corrections will be included in future editions. We appreciate any suggested improvements.
We reserve the right to make technical improvements without notice.
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE DGT 801 SERIES P ROTECTIONS ........................................ 1

1.2 APPLICATION SCOPE ............................................................................................................. 1
1.3 P ROTECTION FUNCTIONS ...................................................................................................... 2
2 FEATURES ................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 HARDWARE STRUCTURE OF THE DUPLICATE - SUPPLY AND DUAL -CPU SYSTEM .................... 6
2.2 HIGH - PERFORMANCE HARDWARE PLATFORM ........................................................................ 6
2.3 U NIQUE DUAL -CPU PARALLEL PROCESSING TECHNIQUE ...................................................... 6
2.4 U NIQUE DUAL - CIRCUIT DC POWER SUPPLY .......................................................................... 7
2.5 PERFECT SELF - CHECK AND MUTUAL - CHECK FUNCTION ........................................................ 8
2.6 VISUAL AND EXPLICIT SIGNAL OUTPUT INDICATIONS ............................................................. 8
2.7 SEPARATELY SET PROTECTION PLATE AND SWITCH - OUT PLATE WITH EXPLICITLY STATUS
INDICATION .................................................................................................................................. 8
2.8 F RIENDLY AND FULLY TRANSPARENT MMI ............................................................................ 9

2.9 P OWERFUL COMMUNICATION ................................................................................................ 9
2.10 D ETAILED RECORDING ........................................................................................................ 9
2.11 S TRONG ANTI - INTERFERENCE CAPABILITY .......................................................................... 9
2.12 C OMPLETE FUNCTIONS ..................................................................................................... 10
2.13 FLEXIBLE AND RELIABLE PROTECTION CONFIGURATION .................................................... 10
2.14 A DVANCE CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES ............................................................................ 10
2.15 A DVANCE SOFTWARE DESIGN TECHNIQUE ........................................................................ 10
2.16 P ERFORMANCE OF THE GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION AND TRANSFORMER
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION ....................................................................................................... 11
2.17 P ERFORMANCE OF THE STATOR INTER - TURN FAULT PROTECTION WITH THE LONGITUDINAL
ZERO - SEQUENCE VOLTAGE ....................................................................................................... 11
2.18 P ERFORMANCE OF THE STATOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION ............................................. 11
2.19 P ERFORMANCE OF THE ROTOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION .............................................. 12
2.20 P ERFORMANCE OF THE LOSS - OF - FIELD PROTECTION ....................................................... 12
2.21 P ERFORMANCE OF THE OUT- OF - STEP PROTECTION .......................................................... 13
2.22 FLEXIBLY CONFIGURED TYPES OF THE BACKUP PROTECTIONS ......................................... 13
3 TECHNICAL DATA ...................................................................................................... 14

3.1 MECHANICAL AND WORKING ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS .............................................. 14
3.2 S TORAGE , TRANSPORT LIMITING AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
APPLICATION LOCATION ............................................................................................................. 14
3.3 RATED ELECTRIC PARAMETERS ........................................................................................... 14

3.4 P OWER CONSUMPTION ........................................................................................................ 14
3.5 O VER LOADING CAPABILITY ................................................................................................. 14
3.6 I NSULATION CAPABILITY ...................................................................................................... 15
3.7 COUNTER INTERFERENCE CAPABILITY ................................................................................. 15
3.8 EFFECTS OF THE DC POWER SUPPLY ................................................................................. 15
3.9 C ONTINUOUS ENERGIZATION ............................................................................................... 15
4 PRINCIPAL TECHNICAL DATA OF THE PROTECTIONS ............................................ 16
4.1 G ENERATOR LONGITUDINAL DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION .................................................... 16

4.3 G ENERATOR TRANSFORMER UNIT DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION , TRANSFORMER
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION ....................................................................................................... 17
4.4 G ENERATOR HIGH - SENSITIVE TRANSVERSAL DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION .......................... 17

4.5 G ENERATOR STATOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION 3U0 ....................................................... 17
4.6 G ENERATOR STATOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION W ITH 3 RD - HARMONIC VOLTAGE ............. 18
4.7 G ENERATOR ROTOR ONE - POINT EARTH FAULT PROTECTION .............................................. 18
4.8 G ENERATOR ROTOR TWO - POINT EARTH FAULT PROTECTION .............................................. 18
4.9 G ENERATOR SYMMETRICAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION ) ........................................................ 18
4.10 G ENERATOR NEGATIVE SEQUENCE PROTECTION .............................................................. 18
4.11 G ENERATOR LOSS - OF - FILED PROTECTION ........................................................................ 19
4.12 G ENERATOR OUT - OF - STEP PROTECTION .......................................................................... 19
4.13 G ENERATOR OVERVOLTAGE AND UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION ....................................... 19
4.14 G ENERATOR OVER - EXCITATION PROTECTION ) .................................................................. 20
4.15 G ENERATOR REVERSES POWER AND LOWER POWER PROTECTIONS ................................ 20
4.16 G ENERATOR FREQUENCY PROTECTION ............................................................................ 20
4.17 G ENERATOR EXCITATION CIRCUIT OVERLOAD (AC) PROTECTION ..................................... 20
4.18 G ENERATOR START - UP / STOP ZERO - SEQUENCE VOLTAGE PROTECTION ........................... 21
4.19 V OLTAGE CONTROLLED OVERCURRENT PROTECTION ....................................................... 21
4.20 U NDER - IMPEDANCE PROTECTION ...................................................................................... 21
4.21 T RANSFORMER ZERO - SEQUENCE CURRENT PROTECTION ................................................. 21
4.22 T RANSFORMER GAP ZERO - SEQUENCE PROTECTION ......................................................... 22
4.23 T RANSFORMER VENTILATION STARTING ............................................................................ 22
4.24 B INARY PROTECTION ......................................................................................................... 22
5 FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................................... 23

5.2 T RANSFORMER LONGITUDINAL DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION ................................................ 29
5.3 G ENERATOR INTERTURM FAULT PROTECTION WITH LONGITUDINAL ZERO - SEQUENCE
VOLTAGE ................................................................................................................................... 39
5.4 G ENERATOR STATOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION W ITH FUNDAMENTAL ZERO - SEQUENCE
VOLTAGE ................................................................................................................................... 43
5.5 G ENERATOR STATOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION W ITH 3 RD - HARMONIC VOLTAGE ............. 45
5.6 G ENERATOR ROTOR ONE - POINT EARTH FAULT PROTECTION . ............................................. 48
5.7 G ENERATOR ROTOR TWO - POINT EARTH FAULT PROTECTION .............................................. 49
5.8 G ENERATOR LOSS – OF - FIELD PROTECTION ......................................................................... 51
5.9 G ENERATOR OUT - OF - STEP PROTECTION ............................................................................ 55
5.10 G ENERATOR REVERSE POW ER PROTECTION AND PROGRAMMED REVERSE POW ER
PROTECTION .............................................................................................................................. 59
5.11 G ENERATOR ABNORMAL FREQUENCY PROTECTION .......................................................... 61

5.12 O VEREXCITING PROTECTION ............................................................................................. 64
5.13 G ENERATOR OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION ........................................................................ 66
5.14 G ENERATOR OVERLOAD AND OVERCURRENT PROTECTION ............................................... 68
5.15 G ENERATOR NEGATIVE - SEQUENCE OVERLOAD ................................................................. 69
5.16 G ENERATOR SYMMETRICAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION ....................................................... 71
5.17 G ENERATOR ASYMMETRICAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION ..................................................... 74
5.18 G ENERATOR ROTOR WINDING OVERLOAD AND OVERCURRENT PROTECTIONS .................. 77
5.19 V OLTAGE CONTROLLED OVERCURRENT PROTECTION ....................................................... 82
5.20 I MPEDANCE PROTECTION .................................................................................................. 85
5.21 T RANSFORMER GAP ZERO - SEQUENCE PROTECTION ......................................................... 88
5.22 T RANSFORMER ZERO - SEQUENCE CURRENT PROTECTION ................................................. 89
5.23 T RANSFORMER ZERO - SEQUENCE DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT PROTECTION .................. 91
5.24 D UAL - BRANCH VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OVERCURRENT PROTECTION ................................ 93
5.25 V OLTAGE BALANCE TV WIRE BREAK DISCRIMINATION ....................................................... 96
5.26 B INARY PROTECTION ......................................................................................................... 97
·Introduction·
1 Introduction
This Manual is the part of the technical descriptions of the DGT801 Series Digital Generator-transformer Unit
Protections including the types of DGT801A, DGT801B, DGT801C, DGT801D, DGT801E and DGT801F.
The user shell for the DGT801 Series Protections has been designed to be largely self-sufficient and
requires a minimum of reference to the manual.
1.1 A brief introduction to the DGT 801 Series Protections

The DGT 801A, DGT 801B, DGT 801C, DGT 801D, DGT 801E, and DGT 801F Protections are the DGT 801
series products. They are based on a common hardware and software platform except the number of the
hardware sources and the sizes of their respective display panels on the cabinets. The details can be found
in Table 1.1. They all adopt the design of duplicate power supplies and dual-CPU systems with parallel
processing technique. So they are advanced in configuration, excellent in performance, humanized in
debugging and maintenance, reliable and safe in operation.
The DGT801 Series Protections adopt a common software platform and each contain all the protection
functions necessary for the 600MW ~ 1000MW generator-transformer units. In a project configuration, the
required protection modules can be flexibly provided through the graphic-defined software for several relays
to perform their respective different functions. The several layers would be combined to implement all
functions for the generator-transformer units of the various capacities.
The type of DGT 801E may be specially applied for the binary protections required to be assembled in a
separate cabinet, as well as applied for the electric protections.
The type of DGT 801F is specially applied for the binary protections required to be assembled in a separate
cabinet.
1.2 Application scope

The DGT 801A (or B, C) Digital Generator-transformer Unit Protection is applicable for the thermal and hydro
power generator-transformer units of 1000MW at the voltage level of 750kV and less than that in the various
connection modes. It is also separately applicable for generator, main transformer, station transformer, HV
start-up/standby transformer, excitation transformer (or exciter), large-scale synchronous capacitor or station
reactor, etc. And it can fully meet the requirements of the power plant automation system.
The DGT 801A (or B, C) Protection at each layer can implement the functions of the several main protections,
abnormal operation protections and the back-up protections. The functions of the DGT 801A (or B, C)
Protection at the various layers can be flexibly selected according to the requirements.
The type of DGT 801E may be specially applied for the binary protections required to be assembled in a
separate cabinet, as well as applied for the electric protections.
The DGT 801F Protection is specially provided as the binary protection for the units.
According to the duplication mechanism, which completely satisfied with Crucial Required Items, for the
large-and medium-sized generator-transformer units protection, each set of protection is respectively
composed of the two layers of DGT 801A (or B, C) Protection cabinet and these protection functions are
reasonably allocated in accordance with the Regulations. Details can be found in the Chapter Protection
Regulations. Such configuration could make the single set of protections really play the each role,
implementing all primary and backup protection functions and being independent each other. The single set
of protections can be independent satisfied with Crucial Required Items and its reliability will reach N-1. The
concept of N-1 means if an element in the hardware or software of the protection may be wrong, there still
1
·Introduction·
have the main and backup protections for the units, which will continue their operations. The duplicate
protections according to such configuration rules will have a very high reliability to N-2. This duplication
mechanism will substantially meet the requirements in Crucial Required Items, which can prevent the
protection from refusing to operate in case of the system accident.
1.2.1 Application scope of the DGT 801C Protection
The DGT 801C Protection is called the small mode protection, which can implement the relatively less
number of the protection functions and are generally applicable for the medium-or small-scale
generator-transformer protections, see Table 1-1.
1.2.2 Application scope of the DGT 801A Protection.
The DGT 801A Protection is called the medium-mode protection, which can implement larger number of the
protection functions than the small-mode protection. And its MMI configuration is luxurious and powerful, see
Table 1-1. This protection is generally applicable for the large-and medium-scale generation- transformer unit
protections or the relatively higher-required small-scale unit protection.
1.2.3 Application scope of the DGT 801B Protection
The DGT 801B Protection is simply called the large-mode protection, whose hardware configuration sources
are the strongest. The single-layer protections can implement all the protection functions for the large-and
medium-scale units of 600MW or less, i.e. integrated main and backup protections. A combination of the two
layers of the protections can compose the most economic configuration required by the duplication
mechanism. In the meanwhile, its reliability during operations can meet the requirements in the Regulations
for the protections.
1.3 Protection functions

The protection software for the DGT 801 Series Protections are completely similar and modular, which
contain all the protection modules required by the 600MW ~ 1000MW units, which have been solidified in the
program chips of the protections.
The flexible and selective configuration of the graphic defined software can make the DGT 801 Series
Protections meet the configuration requirements of the different types of the large-and medium-sized
generator-transformer protections.
◆ Generator stator short-circuit main protection

Generator longitudinal differential protection
Generator-transformer unit differential protection
Generator incomplete longitudinal differential protection
Generator split-phase transversal differential protection
Generator high sensitive transversal differential protection
Generator longitudinal zero-sequence voltage inter-turn protection
◆ Generator stator single-phase earth fault protection
Generator 3U0 stator earth fault protection
Generator 3I0 stator earth fault protection
rd
Generator high sensitive voltage stator earth fault protection with 3 -harmonic
◆ Generator excitation circuit earth fault protection
2
·Introduction·
Generator rotor one-point earth fault protection

Generator rotor two-point earth fault protection
◆ Generator stator short-circuit fault back-up protection
Generator over-current protection
Generator composite voltage over-current protection
Generator negative sequence protection
Generator under-impedance protection
◆ Generator abnormal operation protection
Generator loss-of-field protection
Generator out-of-step protection
Generator reverse power protection
Generator programmed reverse power protection
Generator frequency abnormal protection
Generator over-excitation protection (definite-time and inverse-time)
Generator over-voltage protection
Generator under-voltage protection
Generator balanced overload protection (definite-time and inverse-time)
Generator negative-sequence over-load protection (definite-time and inverse-time)
Generator excitation circuit over-load protection (definite-time and inverse-time)
Generator inadvertent energization protection
Generator start-stop earth fault protection
Generator axis over-current protection
Generator axis over-voltage protection
◆ Main transformer main protection
Main transformer longitudinal differential protection
Main transformer single-side differential protection
Main transformer zero-sequence differential protection
Generator-transformer unit differential protection
◆ Main transformer abnormal operation and back-up protection
Main transformer over-excitation protection (definite-time and inverse-time)
Main transformer zero-sequence current protection
Main transformer gap zero-sequence current and voltage protection
Main transformer composite voltage over-current protection
Main transformer over-current protection
Main transformer under-impedance protection
Main transformer directional over-current protection
3
·Introduction·
Main transformer voltage controlled directional over-current protection

Main transformer directional negative-sequence over-current protection
Main transformer directional zero-sequence over-current protection
Main transformer overload protection
Main transformer ventilation protection
Main transformer TA, TV wire break protection
◆ HV station transformer protection
HV station transformer differential protection
HV station transformer composite voltage over-current protection
HV station transformer branch defined-time peak value over-current protection
HV station transformer branch zero-sequence over-current protection
HV station transformer branch voltage controlled over-current protection
HV station transformer over-load protection
HV station transformer ventilation protection
HV station transformer TA, TV wire break protection
◆ Excitation transformer (or exciter ) protection
Excitation transformer (or exciter ) differential protection
Excitation transformer (or exciter ) defined-time peak value over-current protection
Excitation transformer (or exciter ) overload protection (definite-time and inverse-time)
Excitation transformer (or exciter ) TA wire break protection
◆ HV start-up/standby transformer protection
Start-up/standby transformer differential protection
Start-up/standby transformer voltage controlled over-current protection
Start-up/standby transformer zero-sequence current protection
Start-up/standby transformer gap zero-sequence current and voltage protection
Start-up/standby transformer branch voltage controlled over-current protection
Start-up/standby transformer defined-time instantaneous over-current protection
Start-up/standby transformer branch zero-sequence over-current protection
Start-up/standby transformer over-load protection
Start-up/standby transformer ventilation protection
Start-up/standby transformer TA, TV wire break protection
◆ Other protection functions
Breaker failure protection
Breaker non-all-phase protection
Generator forced excitation protection
Peak value over-current block protection (to be used as the breaking capacity of a breaker is
insufficient)
4
·Introduction·
Generator electric super-speed protection

Short leads differential protection
◆ Binary protection (Binary input protection)
Heavy gas, light gas, pressure release, oil level, oil temperature, temperature, cooler failure protection
and generator thermo-technical, water interrupt as well as the excitation system fault protections, etc..
HF cut-off power protection
◆ Additional functions
Communication function, it can be directly connected into the DCS system of a power plant.
Dual-CPU fault waveform-recording function, data is compatible to the COMTRADE format and will not
be lost incase of power cut.
The protection provides the WINDOWS-based network operational management system, which can be
directly connected into the MIS system of a power plant.
Table 1-1 A brief introduction to the DGT801 Series Protections
Type of protection DGT801A DGT801B DGT801C DGT801F DGT801E DGT801D
Number of power
3 3 2 2 2 2
supplies
Number of CPUs
2 2 2 2 2 2
for protection
Hardware
configuration Number of CPUs
1 1 1 1 1 1
features for management
Operating mode Touch Touch Touch Touch key-press key-press
Cubicle dimensions 10U 12U 6U 6U 6U 6U
Number of analog
30 60 30 0 15 15
inputs
Number of output
4×4 4×6 4×4 4×4 4×4 4×2
tripping
Number of output
Protection 8×6 8×6 8×4 8×4 8×4 8×2
signal
interface
sources Number of
4×6 52 22 22 32 32
protection plate
Directly tripped
4×2 4×2 4 4×2/4×3 8×2 /
binary inputs
Normal binary
12 8×2 8 8×2/8×3 4×4+16 4×2
inputs
5
·Features·
2 Features
2.1 Hardware structure of the duplicate-supply and dual-CPU system

The Logic diagram for the hardware structure of the DGT801 Series Protections is shown as Fig. 2-1
Protection CPU1 System Power Supply 1
Duplication
Mechanism
TA/TV Lowpass Filter 1 A/D 1 Protection CPU1 FPGA 1
As the two
protections
are in
normal state,
there will be
485 Serial Port an output via
Communication
MMI the gate
Power Supply 3 AND. If one
CPU fails, it will
exit from the
duplication
mechanism,
the other
will have an
Lowpass Filter 2 A/D 2 Protection CPU2 FPGA 2 output
separately.
Protection CPU2 System Power Supply 2
Fig 2-1 Hardware system diagram for the DGT 801 Series Protections
It can be seen from Fig.2.1 that the protection is composed of the duplicate power supply and dual-CPU
system. The protection CPU1 system and protection CPU2 system are the two sets of the completely similar
systems but they are also completely independent each other. Each of them contains the hardware circuits,
e.g. power supply, filter, sample, CPU and large-scaled gate array FPGA, etc.; each can implement
independently all the software functions, e.g. sampling, computation, judgment, output, self-detection, fault
information processing and fault waveform-recording, etc.. The management CPU executes the interactive
and MMI control on the information with the two protection CPU systems and make the communications with
the power plant DCS control system. Moreover, the two protections will make the check on other through
isolation to enhance the operational reliability of the protection.
2.2 High-performance hardware platform

The protection CPU uses Intel high-performance 32-bit embedded processors A/D converter uses 16-bit
high-precision and high-speed A/D converter. The large-scaled programmable logic controller FPGA and
large capacity high-speed output relays are also used in the protection. The principle elements and devices
are manufactured in compliance with the industrial standards and essential ones, in compliance with the
standards for military products. The high-performance hardware ensures the high quality of the protection.
2.3 Unique dual-CPU parallel processing technique

Under normal conditions, in the safe mechanism that will ensure that the output circuit be in the floating state
without power, the two completely similar but mutually independent protection CPU systems do the similar
processing and judgment simultaneously on the same set of information and data and make an output via
the gate ―AND‖. So doing will effectively prevent the element damages in the hardware circuit to cause the
fault outputs of the protection to realize the redundancy of the protection.
As one protection CPU system fails, the related self-detection circuit will send out the fault alarm signals and
6
·Features·
in the meanwhile, this protection CPU will exit from the operation. At this time, another normal protection
CPU system will be in operation separately to fully undertake all the protection functions. The regret that any
element damages in the hardware circuit will result in the exit of all the protection at this layer is thus
eliminated. It is extremely necessary for the case that the single-layer cubicle integrates decades of
protection functions (even all the generator-transformer Unit protection functions) are integrate d in a
single-layer cubicle and that the safe operation of the protected object can be ensure and the error-tolerant
performance of the protection can be thus obtained.
This unique dual-CPU parallel processing mode realizes the organic unity of the performance of the
protection to prevent both the misoperations and refusals of operations.
+24V -24V
Output Relay
Protection CPU1 Protection CPU2
a) Output via the gate ―AND‖ under the normal state of the protection
+24V -24V
Output Relay
Protection CPU1
b) Output mode as the protection CPU2 is in the abnormal state
+24V -24V
Output Relay
Potection CPU2
c) Output mode as the protection CPU1 is in the abnormal state
Fig. 2-2 Unique dual-CPU parallel processing output mode
2.4 Unique dual-circuit DC power supply

The DGT 801(or B,C) at each layer is composed of the two mutually independent protection CPUs systems.
These two systems are supplied separately by the two independent inverted power supplies. The input of the
inverted power supply module is connected separately into the various DC circuits of power plant via the two
independent air switches. Besides, the management CPU system also has its own inverted power supply
and air switches, see Fig. 2-3. So, in the cubicle for one set DGT801A (or B,C), the protection is supplied by
the two circuits. As a fault occurs in the inverted power supply module or a certain DC circuit of a power plant,
the protection will neither not operate, nor lose its protection functions. The reliability of the protection can be
substantially enhanced.
7
·Features·
DC POWER INPUT I
DC POWER INPUT II
POWER TRANSFER
RELAY
1QF 2QF 3QF
Binary power Input

CPU1 Power Input CPU2 Power Input
MMI Power Input
MMI CPU Protection CPU1 Protection CPU2
DGT 801
Digital Generator Transformer Protection
Fig 2-3 DC Power supply circuit of the DGT801 Series Protections at on layer
2.5 Perfect self-check and mutual-check function

The each protection CPU system is provided with a perfect self-check circuit and self-check software. In the
hardware circuits, e.g. power supply, A/D, CPU, FPGA, output, signal and intermediate, etc., a
well-conceived self-check circuit is designed. The faults occurred in nearly all the circuits of the protection
CPU system can be detected by the powerful software self-check programs and the faults can be accurately
located. Besides, the mutual-check function exists between the two independent protection CPU systems as
well as between the management CPU and protection CPU. The watchdog circuit also serves as the
effective measure for the insurance of the correct CPU operations.
As soon as the abnormal conditions are detected, the alarm signals will be sent out and the abnormal CPU
system will exit immediately and another CPU system will operate separately. The reliability of the
single-CPU operations will still be able to meet the reliability requirements of the traditional digital protections
stipulated in the regulation. Besides, both the local large MMI or the background management computer can
display the faulted module and fault nature.
2.6 Visual and explicit signal output indications

The protection is provided with the multi-circuit self-hold operating signal lamps and their relays, multi-circuit
output signal lamps and their relays. The operating signal lamps and output signal lamps are placed in the
lower part of the panel of the protection. They can visually reflect the operating conditions of the complete set
of the complete set of protections.
2.7 Separately set protection plate and switch-out plate with explicitly status
indication
Each signal which outputs tripping is provided with the on/off plate with its status indicating lamp at the upper
8
·Features·
part. So the operators are convenient to make the on/off. Besides, the indicating lamps can visually reflect
the Off/On states. The status is displayed on the local interface and can be also transmitted upwards via
communication to the DCS system.
Each outputs circuit at the lower part of the protection cabinet is provided with the on/off plate (switch-out
plate).
The protection plates are generally the weak power circuits, whereas the switch-out plate, the strong power
circuits. Their separate provision ensures the strict isolation of the weak and strong power of the protection.
2.8 Friendly and fully transparent MMI

The large screen really colored LCD is provided at the panel of the protection to provide the rich all-Chinese
indications. The indications contain not only the introduction to the general overview of the protection at this
layer, e.g. input channels, signals, outputs, etc., but also the introduction to the varieties of the protections to
display the inputs, computed quantities and settings on one screen to realize the full transparency of the
protection.
The operations are made in the advanced touching screen mode. As the inputs are set, 10-digital keyboard
will be elasticized out to ease the modification of the settings. Some key control operations must be made via
the passwords. It is both humanized and screen and reliable.
The industrial controlled computer can be also selected as the operating interface under the all-Chinese
Window environment. The operations will be made easily to display the richer information. The commonly
used functions for users are: input channel display, transient sampled value observation, self-check status of
the protection, switching-in variable status, output drive test, protection on/off status selected by the software,
displayed schematic Logic diagrams for the protection, setting of the rated values and their display and
computer monitoring as well as the protection plate monitoring, etc.. The commonly used functions is
debugging operations made by the manufacture are: Selection of the protections, principles of the
protections, zones of settings, zones of the time delays, signal or trip, definition of the output mode etc.,
post-definition download, etc..
2.9 Powerful communication

The protection is provided with the RS-485 port, 100M Ethernet communication port to communication with
DCS or special management system and transmits upward related information and messages.
The protection can perform the powerful fault waveform-recording function and the recorded data is
compatible with the COMTRADE format. The protection supports the MODBUS and IEC60870-5-103
Standard Communication Protocol.
2.10 Detailed recording

The protection can record more than a hundred operational events and operating events. The records for the
protection operating events include the operating time and operation of the type of the protection, etc.. The
operating event records contain the any operation on the protection and its operator, e.g., setting
modification, protection definition down load, etc..
2.11 Strong anti-interference capability

Such measures as the integral panel, back plug-in mode and totally-closed cubicle as well as the through
isolation of the strong and weak power have enhanced the anti-interference capability of the protection and
at the same time strengthened the anti-interference measures in the software technique. The integral
anti-interference capability of the protection has reached or even exceeded the class IV of the highest
standard and has been able to meet the related environmental requirements in the field of EM radiation.
9
·Features·
2.12 Complete functions

As the principal manufacture of the generator-transformer unit protections, the development and application
of the digital generator-transformer unit protections have had a history of nearly 20 years and the brilliant
achievement and substantial results have been obtained and the rich operational experience accumulated.
Those protections varieties that have been applied and proved to be extremely superior both in principle and
in performance are directly transplanted into this product, e.g., 3W stator earth fault, under-frequency and
impedance protections, etc.. For those protections that have some breakthroughs in theory or those that still
need a certain improvements in practice, the active explorations have been made in this protection and the
strict and product development have been carried out and verified, e.g. scalar product differential concept,
wave form symmetry principle to prevent excitation inrushes, inadvertent energization, start-stop machine
protections, etc.. The protection varieties of this protection are complete and can be applied in the 600MW or
more (including 1000MW) extra-large-sized units.
2.13 Flexible and reliable protection configuration

The unique highly modular and graphic configuration selection method is used in this protection to solve the
problem that a package of software versions is used to implement the protection configuration for different
units. This is both flexible enough to meet the needs of the different units and absolutely secure and reliable.
Specifically, the various protection modules are developed separately and integrally and started in the bulk
protection CPU storage, then the required protection modules are activated by the special background
protection defined software, including the inputs of each protection, protection concept and logic, signal
output, tripping mode, etc.. These operations are all selected via the graphic configuration, visual and explicit,
only the slight shift of the mouse will be able to implement the above selections.
After selection and activation, they are stored eternally and the schematic Logic diagrams and output signal
requirements for the various protections can be checked at any time on the interface of the background
computer.
2.14 Advance concepts and techniques

A lot of the new techniques are adopted in the protection, e.g., the neuron network-based protection principle,
analog wavelet technique, predictive waveforms and square technique; adaptive technique; integrated
protection technique; scalar product technique; fast algorithm technique; Robust technique that has a high
anti TA saturation capability; waveform technique, etc..
2.15 Advance software design technique

A large quantity of the advanced techniques are adopted in the software design
The NT time-sharing system technique is adopted to make the software be really and through modular and
be able to distribute dynamically and reasonably the operational sequence for the various protection modules
to result in the effective, even and reasonable protection operation.
The adoption of this type of technique has made the smaller quantities of the software modules be able to
implement the more protection functions, e.g., overcurrent protection, composite voltage overcurrent
protection, undervoltage overcurrent protection, negative-sequence overcurrent protection, zero-sequence
overcurrent protection, gap zero-sequence overcurrent and overvoltage protection, composite voltage
directional overcurrent protection, etc.. These decades of the protection functions can be implemented by
calling an OC software module. As the reliability of an OC software is ensured, the different performance of
the decades of the protections can be also ensured.
The adoption of the object-oriented software module design technique has resulted in no bottle neck
problems existed between the protections to substantially enhance the security and reliability of the
protection software.
10
·Features·
2.16 Performance of the generator differential protection and transformer differential

protection
The ANN ratio-restraint-based concept or the ANN scalar product-restraint-based concept can be selected.
The wavelet algorithm and neuron algorithm are used to get the aims of high-speed, security and reliability.
Besides, the differential instantaneous zone is set up to realize the high-speed output as the severe fault
occurs. For TA wire break, the differential blocking mode can be selected or the only signaling mode can be
selected.
These two protections can be applied in the imcomplete differential protection.
The electric-restraint blocking mode can be realized.
These two protections have an extremely high capability for the discrimination of TA saturation. The trap
technique is used to effectively prevent the misoperations of the protection for TA saturation in the case of
the external fault and in the meanwhile when TA is saturated in the case of internal fault, the protection will
still remain to operate rapidly.
These two protections have an extremely high anti-misoperation capability in the clearance of the external
faults. The reverse negative jump and the load current threshold are adopted to automatically improve the
performance of the differential protection.
The test status of the differential protection is set up to ease the testing on the performance of the protection.
The operating logic of the generator differential protection can be selected as the single-phase differential
mode or the circular blocking mode.
For the transformer differential protection, the two recognition modes can be selected to prevent the
nd
excitation inrushes, i.e., 2 -harmonic restraint and new waveform-symmetry concept and the restraint ―OR‖
or ―AND‖ mode can be selected. The protection has the overexcitation blocking function. For Y/△
transformer , Y-connection can be adopted for TAs at all sides. The phase offset and the balancing coefficient
adjustment can be all implemented by the software. The transformer differential protection can be at most
located at sides.
2.17 Performance of the stator inter-turn fault protection with the longitudinal
zero-sequence voltage
The protection uses fundamental component of the zero-sequence voltage from the special longitudinal
voltage transformer. Its criteria can be divided into two zones, sensitive zone and insensitive zone.
rd
The sensitive zone adopts the 3 -harmonic increment restraint method to prevent from the external fault.
The protection sensitively reflects the slight stator interturn fault.
The insensitive zone operates fast and the settings are relatively high without the restraint variables.
The protection can select the negative-sequence power direction criteria. The protection will be blocked for
the external fault of a generator.
The protection is provided with the sensitive TV with break criteria and the voltage balancing method is
generally used.
2.18 Performance of the stator earth fault protection

The 3U0 stator earth fault protection is used to protect the about 90% stator winding earth faults and its
11
·Features·
lead-in voltage can be taken either from the generator terminal TV open voltage or from the neutral voltage
rd
or the ―AND‖ criteria composed of these two voltages. The protection has a relatively high 3 harmonic
filtering ratio.
rd
The 3 –harmonic stator earth fault protection reflects the vector relationship (magnitude and phase)
between the generator terminal and that at the neutral side. The protection has a relatively high sensitivity
and fundamental components filtering ratio. The automatic setting method is adopted to easily determine the
operating coefficient and restraint coefficient under the lower load conditions before or after the generator is
incorporated into the network. It can automatically adopt to the distribution parameters for the various types
of the units and the reliability of the protection operation is thus enhanced.
rd
Besides, there is another principle of the 3 –harmonic stator earth fault protection to compare the absolute
rd
values of the generator terminal and neutral 3 -harmonic voltages.
In the case that the large ground capacitor is located at the generator terminal, the distribution parameters of
rd
the breaker vary significantly before or after the units incorporation into network. Two sets of the 3 -harmonic
stator earth fault protections can be provided to separately reflect the single-phase ground faults of the units
before or after the units incorporation into the network.
For the stator earth fault protection that will trip after a short time delay, the HV side zero-sequence voltage
can be selected as the blocking criteria.
2.19 Performance of the rotor earth fault protection

The rotor one-point earth fault protection is based on the superimposed power supply switching sample
concept and the injected voltage is DC 50V, which will be injected into the location between the negative
polarity of the rotor and axis. A electronic switch can be used to switchover the ―Open‖ ―Close‖ status to
obtain the two leakage currents from the negative polarity of the rotor the axis. A set of equations are solved
to real-time compute the rotor earth fault resistance and he protection will display the results.
The rotor one-point earth fault protection based on this principle has an even sensitivity on the whole axis of
the rotor and become of the injection principle, the protection can also monitor the insulation of the rotor as
the excitation voltage is not applied on the rotor.
The rotor one-point earth fault protection can select the two-zone settings and two time delays. The
higher-setting protection will signal after a short time delay, whereas the lower-setting protection will operate
to trip after a long time delay.
As the rotor one-point earth fault protection operates, the rotor two-point earth fault protection is
automatically switching in. The instantaneous trip will occur after the rotor two-point earth fault protection
operates.
2.20 Performance of the loss-of-field protection
2.20.1 Impedance-base loss-of-field protection
This protection adopts the impedance circle as the principal criterion, supplemented by the rotor
undervoltage criterion, System undervoltage criterion, generator terminal undervoltage criterion and units
over power criterion. The impedance circle can be set to be the static-stable circle, asynchronous circle or
the tangential circle. The protection will react to the effects of the loss-of-field fault on the units itself and
system. It will output in the differential ways, e.g., signal, switch the excitation, reduce the power and
separate system, etc..
The above criteria can be configured in the graphic mode and combined flexibly to meet the needs of the
different units.
12
·Features·
As the performance test on the impedance elements of the protection is made, the test status can be set up.
The single-phase current and voltage are applied to test the performance of the impedance elements.
2.20.2 New reverse-Var-based loss-of-field protection
The protection will directly reflect the Vars and stator current of the units and the extent to which the units
absorbs the Vars from the system and the conditions of the stator overcurrent and then employ the generator
terminal undervoltage criterion. System undervoltage criterion and units overpower criterion to monitor the
effects of the loss-of-field on the units itself and system. Its output mode can be setup flexibly. The criteria
and physical concepts adopted in the protection are explicit and can be easily set and will not be influenced
by the operational mode of the system.
The supplementary criteria for the rotor voltage are cancelled and the protection is particularly applicable for
the brushless excitation generator.
2.20.3 The loss-of-field protections based on the above two principles can be selected optionally. Moreover,
these two types of protections will not misoperate during the system oscillation or the short-circuit faults.
2.21 Performance of the out-of-step protection

The out-of step protection will react to the variation traces of the measured impedance at the generator
terminal of the units and will react only to the out-of-step conditions of the units. It can reliably escape from
the system short-circuits and stable oscillation and can discriminate the accelerated out-of-step and
deaccelerated out-of-step during the swings at the beginning of the out-of-step conditions.
After the settable times of the out-of-step slip: the protection will operate to trip or only send out signals.
2.22 Flexibly configured types of the backup protections

The backup protection for the generator and transformer interphase short-circuits usually includes
overcurrent protection, undervoltage protection, Composite-voltage overcurrent protection, impedance
protection, etc. For the self-excited generator, the current memory function is required and for the 3-winding
or auto-transformers, the directional elements need to set up. Above protections can be easily and flexibly
selected by the graphic configuration software of the protection.
13
·Technical Data·
3 Technical Data
3.1 Mechanical and working environmental parameters

Dimensions of the cubicle structure:
DGT 801A:482.6mm(length)×370.0mm(depth)×440.0mm(height)
DGT 801B:482.6mm(length)×370.0mm(depth)×533.0mm(height)
DGT 801C:482.6mm(length)×370.0mm(depth)×266.0mm(height)
DGT 801D:241.3mm(length)×370.0mm(depth)×266.0mm(height)
DGT 801E:482.6mm(length)×370.0mm(depth)×266.0mm(height)
DGT 801F:482.6mm(length)×370.0mm(depth)×266.0mm(height)
Ambient temperature:-10ºC ~ +55ºC
Relative humidity: 5%~95%
Atmospheric pressure: 70Kpa~106Kpa
3.2 Storage, transport limiting ambient temperature and requirements for the
application location
Storage, transport and installation ambient temperature: -25ºC~+70 ºC
Requirements for the application location:
There should not exist the explosion risk, no corrosive gases and conductive dust, no severe moulds and no
fierce vibration sources. The electromagnetic field that may be encountescal in the outside of the reach of
the power plant is not permitted to exist. There are the measures to guard against rain, snow, wind, sand,
dust and electrostatic phenomena. The site should conform to the stipulation in GB 9361-88.The ground
resistance should conform to the requirements in 4.6 of the GB 2887-89.
3.3 Rated electric parameters

Supplementary AC power supply of the printer:
Voltage: 220V, permissive variation: -15% ~ +10%
Frequency: 50Hz, permissive variation: ±0.5Hz
DC power supply: 220V, 110V, permissive variation: –20% ~ +15%
AC current: 5A, 1A; frequency: 50Hz,
AC voltage: 100V, 100/ √3V; frequency: 50Hz
3.4 Power consumption

AC current circuit: <0.5VA/phase
AC voltage circuit: <0.25VA/phase (as U=U n)
DC power supply circuit: <50W (normal); <80W (protection operation)
3.5 Over loading capability

AC current circuit : 2 In—The long-time operation is permitted.
30 In—10s operation is permitted.
50 In—1s operation is permitted.
14
·Technical Data·
AC voltage circuit : 1.5Un—continuous operation.

DC power supply circuit (80%~115%) U n—continuous operation.
3.6 Insulation capability

Insulation resistance: Under the standard test conditions, the insulation resistance between all the circuits
and housing of the protection or between the electrically unconnected circuits is not lower than 100MΩ.
Media strength: Between all the circuits and housing of the protestation or between the electrically
unconnected circuits, the 50Hz, 2kV(RMS) and 1 min. test can be tolerated without insulation break downs
and flashovers.
Impulse voltage: Under the standard test atmospheric conditions, the DC power supply input circuit, AC input
circuit, output contact circuit to the ground of the protection and between all the circuits can tolerate the
short-duration impulse voltage test of 1.2/50us standard lighting waves. The open voltage is 5kV and no
insulation damages will occur.
3.7 counter interference capability

Pulse group interference: The tested capability meets the stipulation in the national standard GB/T
14958.13-1998.
Counter electrostatic discharge interference: The tested capability meets stipulations in the national standard
GB/T 14958.14-1998.
Radiated EM field interference: The tested capability meets the stipulations in the national standard GB/T
14598.9-1995.
Fast transient interference: The tested capability meets the stipulations in the national standard GB/T
14958.10-1996.
3.8 Effects of the DC power supply

Under the standard test atmospheric conditions, as one of the parameters for the DC power supply is
changed to be the limiting value, the protection should operate reliably.
As the power supply is suddenly applied or interrupted to make the power supply voltage step up or step
down slowly, the protection should not misoperate or falsely send the signals.
3.9 Continuous energization

As the 100h continuous energization test is done before delivery after the debugging operations are
completed, the protection should always operate normally.
15
·Principal Technical Data of the Protections·
4 Principal Technical Data of the Protections
4.1 Generator longitudinal differential protection (circular blocking output mode)

The protection has the restraint performance to prevent the misopecatious resulted from the external faults; it
has the functions for TA wire break discrimination and alarm and has the measures to guard against the
misoperations during the transients press caused by the clearance of the external faults.
Differential starting setting: In the range of (0.1~2.0) In
Differential restraint knee point setting: In the range of (0.5~1.0) In
Differential instantaneous setting :In the range of (30~20) In, the error is not larger than ±3% or 0.02In
Ratio restraint coefficient: In the range of 0.1~0.9
Negative-sequence Voltage controlled setting: In the range of 1V~30V, the error is not larger than ±5% or
0.01Un
Ration differential operating time:≤25Ums(two multiples of the setting)
Differential instantaneous operating time: ≤18ms(1.5m multiples of the setting)
Ration differential setting error: not lager than ±5% or 0.02In
4.2 Generator longitudinal differential protection (single phase output mode),

generator incomplete differential protection, generator split -phase transversal
differential protection, exciter differential protection, cable differential protection.
These pretentious have restraint capability to prevent misoperations resulted from the external faults. They
have the function for the discrimination of the TA wire break and the ability to select to block the differential
protection or only to send the alarm signals; they have the measures to guard against the misoperatios
during the transient process caused by the clearance of the external faults.
16
4.3 Generator transformer unit differential protection, transformer differ ential

protection (including the main transformer, station transformer, excitation
transformer, start-up/ standby transformer)
These protections have the restraint capability to prevent the misoperation resulted from the external faults;
they have the functions to prevent the misoperations caused by the excitation inrushes and they are able to
select the 2rd-hunmonic restraint or the waveform symmetry principle. They have the function for the
discrimination of the TA wire break and the ability to select to block the differential protection or only to send
the alarm signals. They have the measures to guard against the misoperationa during the transient process
caused the clearance of the external faults.
2nd-harmonic restraint radio: In the range of 0.05-0.9.
4.4 Generator high-sensitive transversal differential protection

Subversive Zone operating setting: In the range of 4V-20V,the error is not range than± 30% or 0.001UN
Sensitive zone operating setting: In the range of 1V~10V
Sensitive zone 3rd-haumonic rated value: In the range of 0.5V~10V
Sensitive zone harmonic restraint coefficient: In the range of 0.1~0.9
Sensitive zone time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s~10s, the error is not large than ±1% setting or ±70ms.
Voltage balance differential voltage threshold: In the range of 5V~20V
Common TV negative-sequence voltage threshold: In the range of 5V ~20V
Sensitive setting error : Not large than ±5% or ±0.002U N
4.5 Generator stator earth fault protection 3U0

rd
The protection has the function of filler out the 3 -harmonic voltage.
Zero-sequence voltage setting: In the range of 1V~50V, the error is not large than ±2.5% or ±0.05v.
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s~1.00s, the error is not large than ±1% setting or ±70ms.
17
4.6 Generator stator earth fault protection with 3rd-harmonic voltage

rd
The 3 harmonic operating variable coefficients K1, K2 can be automatically set in the range of 0-2.The 3rd
harmonic restraint variable coefficient K3 can be autocratically set in the range of (0-2).
3rd-harmonic sensitivity: It may be 10kΩ for steam turbine,5kΩ for water turbine .
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s~100s, the error is not larger than±1% setting or ±70ms.
4.7 Generator rotor one-point earth fault protection

The injection and switching sample principle is used to compute the resistance of the rotor axis to the ground.
The protection is applicable for the generator excitation circuits in the various non-rotating excitation modes
and it is able to measure the rotor insulation resistance under the state of no excitation.
Generator resistance setting: In the range of 0.5 kΩ~100 kΩ, the error is not larger than±5% or 0.1V
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s-3600s, the error is not larger than 1% setting or±70ms.
4.8 Generator rotor two-point earth fault protection

2nd-harmonic voltage setting: In the range of 0.5V-10V, the error is not larger than±5% or 0.1V.
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s~100s,the error is not larger than ±1% setting or ±70ms.
4.9 Generator symmetrical overload protection (definite and inverse time -limit)
Definite time-limit current setting: In the range of 0.1A~50A, the error is not larger than ±2.5% or 0.01In
Definite time-limit time delay: In the range of 0.1s~1000s, the error is not larger than 1%setting or ±70ms.
The inverse time-limit performance consists of the three parts i.e. the lower limit long time delay zone, the
inverse time limit zone, the upper limit instantaneous zone.
Inverse time-limit caloricity coefficient, K1: In the range of 1-50
Inverse time-limit heat-dissipating coefficient, K2: In the range of o.5-1.6
4.10 Generator negative sequence protection (definite and inverse time- limit)
Definite time-limit negative-sequence current setting: In the range of 0.1A~20A, the error is not larger than
±5% or 0.01In
Definite time-limit time delay: In the range of 0.1s~1000s, the error is not larger than 1%setting or ±70ms.
The inverse time-limit performance consists of the three parts i.e. the lower limit long time delay zone, the
inverse time limit zone, the upper limit instantaneous zone.
Inverse time-limit caloricity coefficient, K1: In the range of 1-50
Inverse time-limit heat-dissipating coefficient, K2: In the range of 0-1.3
18
4.11 Generator loss-of-filed protection (impedance principle)

The protection takes the impedance circle as the principal criterion, supplement by the criteria, which can
discriminate the loss-of-field and short-circuits system oscillation, TV wire break, etc. The protection can
monitor the effects of the loss-of-field on the units and system.
Impedances circle center reactance setting: In the range of -100Ω-0Ω
Impedances circle radius setting: In the range of 1Ω-100Ω
Leading phase operation tangent slop tag α: In the range of 0-0.5
Var setting: In the range of –50%-0)QN, the error is not larger than±10% or 0.002 QN.
Rotor undervoltage starting setting: In the range of 0V-500V
Rotor undervoltage coefficient setting: In the range of 0.1~3
Reacted power setting: In the range of (0%-50%)PN
Over power setting: In the range of (10%-80%) PN , the error is not larger than±25%
System undervoltage setting: In the range of 30v-100v, the error is not larger than±2.5% or 0.01 UN
Generator terminal undervoltage setting: In the range of 30v-100v, the error is not larger than ±2.5% or 0.01
UN
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s-1000s, the error is not larger than ±1%setting or ±70ms.
Impedance circle setting error: not larger than ±5%
Vfd-P performance curves error: not larger than ±5%
4.12 Generator out-of-step protection

This protection, based on the break principle, has the ability to detect the accelerated and deaccelerated
out-of-step, discriminate the short-circuit and out-of-step status, determine whether the oscillation center is in
the inside or the outside of the generator and transforms. The protection can select the output at the time of
the out-of-step when the current is lover than the on off current of the breaker.
Reactance boundary setting: In the range of or 100Ω
Resistance boundary setting: In the range of or 100Ω
Time delay setting: In the range of 0s~100s, the error is not larger than ±1%setting or ±20ms
Slip times: In the range of 1-100
Impedance boundary setting error: not larger than ±5%
4.13 Generator overvoltage and undervoltage protection

Overvoltage setting: In the range of 50V~180V, the error is not larger than ±2.5% or 0.01U N
19
Undervoltage setting: In the range of 10v~100, the error is not larger than ±2.5% or 0.01U N
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s~100s, the error is not larger than ±1% setting or ±70ms
4.14 Generator over-excitation protection (definite and inverse time limit)

Definite time-limit over excitation (V/F) setting: In the range of 0.8-2.0, the error is not larger than ±5% or
0.01
Definite time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s~1000s, the error is not larger than ±1% setting or ±70ms
Inverse time limit over-excitation (V/F) setting: In the range of 0.8-2.0, the error is not larger than ±5% or 0.01
Inverse time limit over excitation time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s-1000s, the error is not larger than
±5% setting or ±70ms
Applicable frequency range: 25Hz-65Hz
4.15 Generator reverses power and lower power protections

The computation method for the active power has no association with the reactive power. These protections
have the programmed tripping function and the TV wire break blocking functions.
Reverse power setting: In the range (-10%~ -0. 5%)PN, the error is not larger than ±10% or 0.002PN
Lower power setting: In the range of (1%-150%), the error is not larger than ±10% or 0.002 PN
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s~1000s, the error is not larger than ±1.0% setting or ±70ms
4.16 Generator frequency protection

This protection has the abnormal frequency delay output function and has the abnormal frequency section
time accumulation function. The accumulated time can be stored in the loss of power. The abnormal
frequency protection will be automatically blocked in the shutdown process of the generator and during the
shutdown. The abnormal frequency protection can be defined as the under frequency protection or the high
frequency protection.
Frequency setting: In the range of 40Hz-65Hz, the error is not larger than ±0.05Hz
Time accumulation setting: In the range of 0.1s-9999s, the error is not larger than ±2.5% setting
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s-100s, the error is not larger than ±2.5% setting or ±70ms
4.17 Generator excitation circuit overload (AC) protection (definite and invest
time-limit)
The principal frequency of the current can be 50Hz or 100Hz
Definite time limit current setting: In the range of 0.1A-50A, the error is not larger than ±2.5% or 0.01In
Definite time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s-1000s, the error is not larger than ±1% or 70ms
The inverse time limit performance consist of the three parts ,the lower-limit long time delay zone, inverse
20
time-limit zone and the uppers limit instantaneous zone.
Inverse time-limit caloricity coefficient K1: In the range of 1-60
Inverse time-limit heat dissipating coefficient K2: In the range of 0.5-1.6
4.18 Generator start-up/stop zero-sequence voltage protection

This protection has the function to detect the reduced stator insulation under the conditions of no excitation
for the generator. The measurement principle has no association with the frequency.
3U0 setting: In the range of 0.5V-100V, the error is not larger than ± 5% or 0.02Un
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s-100s, the error is not larger than ±1% setting or ±70ms
3U0 operating frequency range: 5Hz-55Hz
4.19 Voltage controlled overcurrent protection (including generator, main

transformers, station transformer and startup/standby transforme r)
This protection can have the current memory function.
It can be defined and selected as the undervoltage controlled overcurrent protection or the
composite-voltage controlled over current protection
Undervoltage setting: In the range of 10V-100V, the error is not larger than ± 2.5% or 0.01Un
Negative-sequence voltage setting: In the range of 5V-100V, the error is not larger than ± 5% or 0.02un
Current setting: In the range of 0.2A-50A, the error is not larger than ± 2.5% or 0.01Un
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s-100s, the error is not larger than ± 1% setting ±70ms
4.20 Under-impedance protection (including generator, transformer)

This protection has the TV wire break blocking function and the voltage switching blocking function .It also
has the current standing function.
Positive and negative directional impedance setting: In the range of 0.1Ω-200Ω, the error is not larger
than±5% or ±0.1Ω
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s-100s, the error is not larger than ±0.1 setting or ±70ms
Precise operating current: not larger than 0.1In
4.21 Transformer zero-sequence current protection

Zero-sequent current setting: In the range of 0.1A-80A, the error is not larger than ±2.5% or ±0.1In
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s-100s, the error is not larger than ±1% setting or ±70ms
21
4.22 Transformer gap zero-sequence protection

Gap zero-sequence current: In the range of 0.1A-50A, the error is not larger than ±2.5% or 0.01In
Zero-sequence voltage: In the range of 10v-200v, the error is not larger than ±2.5% or 0.01U n
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s-100s, the error is not larger than ±1% or setting or ±70ms
4.23 Transformer ventilation starting

It can start the strong power circuit
Current setting: In the range of 0.2A-20A, the error is not larger than ±2.5% or setting or 0.01In
Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s-100s, the error is not larger than±1% or setting or ±70ms
4.24 Binary protection

Time delay setting: In the range of 0.1s-6000s, the error is not larger than ±1% or setting or ±70ms
22
·Functions·
5 Functions
This chapter will introduce in detail the composition principle, Logic diagrams, setting or the rated values and
the precautions in the project applications, etc, for the various protections, provided by the DGT 801 Series
Digital Generator Transformer Unit Protections.
5.1 Generator longitudinal differential protection

The generator longitudinal differential protection is the principal protection for the generator interphase
short-circuit .Based on the magnitudes of the current that are connected into the generator neutral current
(i.e., all or a part of the neutral current is connected), the protection can be classified as the complete
longitudinal differential protection and incomplete longitudinal differential protection.
Beside, depending on the different algorithms, the ratio restraint differential protection and scalar product
restraint differential can be composed.
The incompletes longitudinal differential protection is applicable for the large-sized generator whose stator
windings for each phase are divided into multiple branches .It can react to the generator interphase
short-circuit faults, beside, it can also react to the stator wire and rod open welding and branch Intec turn
short-circuits
5.1.1 Protection composition principle
The generator longitudinal differential protection is composed of comparing the magnitudes and phases of
the secondary similar named phases of the generator neutral TA and the generator terminal TA. Take one
phase differential protection as an example and assume that the positive direction of the current at both
sides be at the inside of the generator.
Fig 5-1-1 is the schematic diagram for the AC connection circuit of the generator complete longitudinal
differential protection; Fig 1-1-2, that of the two-branch each-phase incomplete longitudinal differential
protection for the generator stator windings.
One phase
I winding
Neutral * *
. .
I IT
N
* *
AC module
Fig. 5-1-1 Schematic diagram for the AC connection circuit of the generator complete
longitudinal differential protection
23
·Functions·
I
2
Neutral
One phase winding *
* .
.
I
I IT
N 2
2
* *
AC module
Fig. 5-1-2 Schematic diagram for the AC connection circuit of the generator incomplete
longitudinal differential protection
(a)Operating equation
I d ＞I q ; I z＜ I g

 I d＞K z ( I z  I g )  I q; Iz ＞I g (5-1-1)

 I d＞I s ; Id ＞Is
Where, Id—Operating current (i.e differential current)
For complete longitudinal differential protection
I d  IT  IN
For incomplete longitudinal differential protection
I d  IT  KINF
IZ—Restraint current
For the ratio-restraint complete longitudinal differential protection
IT  IN
Iz 
2
For the ratio-restraint incomplete longitudinal differential protection
IT  KINF
Iz 
2
For the scalar product restraint complete longitudinal differential protection
24
·Functions·
I z  I N I T cos(180 0   )
For the scalar product restraint incomplete longitudinal differential protection
I z  KI NF I T cos(180 0   )
I T 、 I N 、 I NF —Generator terminal TA ,neutral TA and neutral branch TA secondary current;
K—Branch coefficient, the ratio of the generator neutral all-current to the TA primary current flowing through
the incomplete longitudinal differential protection.
In Fig. 5-1-2, if the ratios of two sets of TAs are similar ,K=2
ф— Phase differential between the generator terminal current and the neutral reverse current
As︱ф︱<90°, the scalar product restraint current IZ takes the actual value; as 90 ＜  ＜180 ,
0 0
I z takes 0
I g 、 I q 、 K z 、 I s — Settings for the differential protection, see Table 5-1.
(b) Operating performance
From the equation 5-1-1, the operating performance of the generator longitudinal differential protection is
obtained as shown in Fig. 5-1-3. It can be seen that the performance of the above various types of the
generator longitudinal differential protection is all composed of two parts, no restraint part and the ratio
restraint part .The profits of this type of performance are for the smaller internal faults, it has the higher
sensitivity; whereas for the external faults ,it has the stronger capability to free from the transient inbalance
differential current.
The long-time operational practice has shown: if the settings for the protection are correctly set, the operating
performance shown in Fig.5-1-3 can fully satisfy the requirements for operating sensitivity and reliability
Id Instantaneous operating area

Is
Operating area
KZ
Restraint area
Iq
0 Ig Iz
Fig. 5-1-3 Operating performance of the generator longitudinal differential protection
25
·Functions·
5.1.2 Logic diagram
The two output modes are set up for the generator longitudinal differential protection: single-phase output
mode and circular blocking output mode. As the circular blocking mode is adopted, to enhance the reliability
of the protection operating as the inside and outside of the generator are not in phase and simultaneously
grounded, the negative sequence voltage is used to cancel the circular blocking(i.e., single-phase output
mode).As the single phase output mode is used ,the special TA wire break discrimination is set up and as the
differential current is larger than the multiples Ict of canceling TA wire break blocking current, the function for
the TA wire break discrimination can be cancelled.
The Logic diagrams for the two output modes are shown in Fig. 5-1-4 and 5-1-5 respectively.
Phase A
Diffrential
Phase B
Diffrential
+
Siganl
Phase C
Diffrential
& Tripping
TA wire
break Siganl
Fig. 5-1-4 Logic diagram for the generator longitudinal differential protection in the
single-phase output mode
Phase A
Differential
Only & TA wire break
one
Phase B phase
Differential opera
-tion
Phase C
Differential
&
U2>
Signal or
+ tripping
Phase A
Differential Two
or
Phase B more
Differential phase
opera
tion
Phase C
Differential
Fig. 5-1-5 Logic diagram for the generator longitudinal differential protection in the circular
blocking output mode
In Fig. 5-1-4 and 5-1-5
I AT 、 IBT 、 ICT — Generator terminal TA 3-phase secondary current;
26
·Functions·
IAN 、 IBN 、 ICN —Generator neutral TA 3-phase secondary current;
U2—Generator terminal TV secondary negative sequence voltage
Note: In Fig. 5-1-4 and Fig 5-1-5, the valves in the breakers are used for the incomplete longitudinal
differential protection
The circular blocking output mode is recommended for the generator complete longitudinal differential
protection .The generator incomplete longitudinal differential protection usually uses the single phase output
mode.
5.1.3 TA wire break discrimination
There are two methods of the TA wire break discrimination used by the generator differential protection .For
the circular blocking output mode, the case that the differential protection for one phase operates but has no
negative-sequence current can be discriminated as the TA wire break. This is because of the fact that as the
generator neutral is not directly ground, the two phases or the three phase differential protection will operate
simultaneously on the internal Intec phase short-circuits
For the TA wire break discrimination of the generator differential protection in the single phase output mode,
there is a special TA wire break discrimination method and the details can be found in the section 5.2.3
transformer protection TA wire break decimation and countermeasures.
5.1.4 List of setting and setting principles
(a) List of setting
The table 5-1 shown the list of the setting for the various typesetting of the generator longitudinal differential
protections .As the differential protection operates in the circular blocking output mode there is no Ict setting,
where as it operates in the single phase differential output mode ,there is no U2 setting
Table 5-1 List of the settings for the generator longitudinal differential protection
Name Restraint Starting Knee Negative- Instantaneous Differential current Rated

coefficient current point
sequence multiples（*Ie） multiples（*Ie）for current
current canceling TA wire
voltage
break
Symbol KZ Iq Ig U2 Is Ict Ie （IN）
Setting
range 0.1~1.8 0.05~10 0.5~10 1~30 1~20 0.8~1.2 0.5~8
Unit Ampere Ampere Volt Multiples Multiples Ampere
(b) Setting principles and setting suggestion
(1) Ratio restraint coefficient Kz (curve slope)
Kz should be set based on the requirement that the maximum transient imbalance differential current caused
by the external 3 phase short circuits should be freed (i.e, the slope in Fig. 5-1-3 passes through the
corresponding point of the maximum differential current for the output external faults.)
27
·Functions·
Usually, for the generator complete longitudinal differential protection, K z = 0.3-0.5
For the incomplete longitudinal differential protection, as the types of the TAs of the differential protections at
both sides, let Kz = 0.5 to free from the in balance differential current caused by the differential transient
performances at both sides and the rotor off center in the external faults.
(2) Stinting current Iq
It is set on the basis of being able to free from the maximum imbalance differential current under the normal
conditions .The cause for the imbalance differential current one mainly the differences of the TA ratios
between the two sides of the differential protections and the adjustment errors of the channel circuits in the
protections .For the incomplete longitudinal differential protection the imbalance of the various branch
currents for each phase of the generator should be considered
Usually, Iq = (0.3 ~ 0.4)Iq
(3)Knee point current Ig
The magnitude of Ig decides the magnitude of the current that causes the protection starts the restraint
function. It is recommended that Ig be set on the basis of being able to free from the maximum imbalance
current produced in the transient process after the clearcuse of the external faults .The value of I g for the
incomplete longitudinal differential protection should be a little larger. Usually, I g = (0.5 ~ 0.8)Ie
(4)Negative-sequence voltage U2
Cancel the negative-sequence voltage of the circular blocking mode (secondary value) U 2 = (9 ~ 12)V can be
taken.
(5)Differential instantaneous multiples Is
For the differential instantaneous function of a generator, its function corresponds to the differential high
setting, which should be set on the basis of able to free from the maximum imbalance differential current
produced by the external 3-phase short-circuit. For reliability Is = 4 ~ 8(multiples) is recommended.
(6)Cancel the differential multiples Ict of the TA wire break function
Usually, Ict =0.8 ~ 1.2(multiples)
(7)Generator rated current Ie
Ie(or IN)can be computed by the following equation
Where
Pe
Ie  I N 
3UenT cos 
Pe—Generator rated power , kW;
Ue—Generator rated voltage , kV;
nT —Differential TA ratio
28
·Functions·
Cosф—Generator rated power factor
(C)Sensitivity check of the differential protection
According to the related technical regulations, the sensitivity related technical regulations; the sensitivity of
the generator longitudinal differential protection must satisfy that as the two-phase metal short-circuit at the
generator terminal oceurs, the sensitive coefficient of the differential protection
Ksen≥2
The sensitive coefficient Ksen is defined as the ratio of the short-circuit current to the operating current of the
differential protection, the larger Ksen, more sensitive the protection and the higher the reliability.
The sensitivity check on the digital protection must be done as required by the regulations, because only
when the requirements for Ksen are satisfied, it can be ensured that in the internal faults, those are the
various a periodic components in the fault current, the effects of TA saturation and TA transient effects, etc.,
and the protection will operate reliably.
Ksen is dependent on the differential protection setting Kz, Iq, Ig in particular, the effects of Kz are the largest. In
generator, as the value is taken as recommended in this Manual, the requirements for K sen can be satisfied.
5.1.5 Precautions in the project application
Users can reasonably select the types of the generator longitudinal differential protections (complete
longitudinal differential protections, incomplete differential protections, ratio-restraint differential protections or
scalar-product restraint protection)
As the complete longitudinal differential protection is used, the similar types and ratio should be selected for
the TA at the generator terminal and neutral; As the incomplete longitudinal differential protection is used, the
similar types and ratio can be still selected for the TAs at the generator terminal and neutral and the software
can be used to introduce the balance coefficient to adjust the balance.
The open TA secondary circuit may result in the risk of high voltage, especially the large-sized generator
units. For this reason, it is recommended that the schema of the TA wire break unblocking differential
protection be adopted.
5.2 Transformer longitudinal differential protection (including generator -transformer

unit, main transformer, station transformer, excitation transformer, startup/standby
transformer)
Transformer longitudinal differential protection is the main protection for the short circuit faults occurred in the
inside of a transformer and on its outgoing lines, which can react to the interphase short-circuits in the inside
of a transformer and on its outgoing lines, the into turn short-circuits in the inside of a transformer and
single-phase ground short-circuit fault at the side of the large current system .Besides, the protection can
also be free from the idle changing and the excitation inrushes after the clearance of the external faults.
5.2.1 Protection composition principle
The transformers longitudinal differential protection is composed of comparing the magnitudes and phase
between the similar-named phase currents at the various sides of a transformer .Take the 3-winding
transformer as an example, the schematic diagram for the AC connection circuit of the differential protection
for one phase is shown in Fig. 5-2-1.
29
·Functions·
* *
. Y Y
.*
△

*
.
*
*
Protection AC module
Fig. 5-2-1 Schematic diagram for the AC connection circuit of the transformer the differential
protection.
The transformer longitudinal differential protection is composed of the three parts; differential element, inrush
discrimination element and differential instantaneous element.
a) Differential element
In the DGT 801 Series Protection, two type of the differential element can be provided, ratio-restraint element
and scalar product restraint element
(1) Operating equation

I d ＞ I q ; I z＜ I g

 I d ＞K zI z  I g  I q ; I z ＞ I g
(5-2-1)

Where,
Id -- Operating current (i.e., differential current)
I d  I1  I2  I3 ..........
Iz -- Restraint current
For the ratio restraint differential protection: 

I z  max I1 I2 I3 .......
` `

For the scales product restraint differential protection:
     
I z  max I1` I2 ` I3 ... I1  I2  I3 ...  max I1` I2 ` I3 ... cos 180 0   
30
·Functions·
I1 、 I2 、 I3 …… - Current at the various sides of a similar-named phase of a transformer
 
max I1 I2 I3 ...... - Maximum current among those at the various side of similar-named phase
` `
Ф --Angle between the maximum current among those at the various side of a similar-named phase and the
reverse current at the other sides
As| Ø |<90º, the actual value of the scalar product restraint current Iz will be used, whereas | Ø | >90º, 0 for I z
will be used.
Kz,Iq Ig - Settings for differential protection see Table 5-2
(2) Operating performance
On the basis of the equation (5-2-1), the diagram for the operating performance of the differential element of
the transformer longitudinal differential protection is plotted, which is composed of two parts: no restraint part
and the ratio restraint part. The instantaneous operating area represents the operating performance of the
differential instantaneous element.
Id
Instantaneous area
Is
Operating
area KZ
Restraint area
Iq
0 Ig Iz
Fig. 5-2-1 Operating performance of the transformer differential protection
(b) Inrush discrimination element
Two methods for the excitation inrush discrimination are provided by this protection: 2nd-hamonic restraint
concept and waveform-symmetry concept. As the definition download is done by the protection, either can be
selected as required by users.
(1)2nd-hamonic restraint concept
This concept is to compare the of the 2nd-hamonic components in the differential currents of the various
phase to the fundamentals (i.e., I2ω/I1ω)and the magnitudes of the settings. As the percentage is larger than
the setting, the differential current of this phase is considered as the excitation inrush .The differential can be
blocked.
I 2   I1 (5-2-2)
31
·Functions·
The discrimination equation (restraint equation)is
Where,
I2ω, I1ω— 2nd－harmonic current and the fundamental current in the differential current of a phase
η -- Set 2nd－harmonic restraint percentage
(2) Waveform symmetry concept
Usually, the waveform of the excitation inrushes are biased to the side of the time axis and intermitted and so
the difference of the waveform between the positive and negative halves is very large. The essence of the
Waveform symmetry is to comp are if the Waveform of the positive and negative halves in a cycle are
symmetrical to the transversal axis. The extent of the differences of the two waveforms is utilized to
recognize the causes of the resultant differential current (internal faults or excitation inrushes). As it is
recognized that the differential current is produced by the excitation inrushes, the differential element will be
blocked immediately.
The discrimination method and the operating equation are as follows: differentiate the differential current to
remove the DC components. Compare the first half and the second half of the differentiated differential
current waveforms in each cycle. Assume that the current value at a location for the first half of a certain
cycle is Ij and that at the corresponding point for the second half,0 Ij +180, if
I j  I j 180
＜ K (5-2-3)
I j  I j 180
They can be considered to be symmetrical, i.e. the differential current is resulted from the short-circuit
faults ,Otherwise, the differential current can be considered to be the excitation inrushes. The differential
element can be blocked.
Where,
K- Asymmetry coefficient
Since the equation (5-2-3), in essence, will compute the ratio of the even harmonics to the add harmonics,
the concept of the harmonics can be still used to set the rated value.
(3)Inrush restraint mode
Two harmonics restraint modes are provided for this protection :‖ Split-phase‖ restraint and ―OR‖ restraint.
The so-called ―split-phase‖ restraint means that the 2nd- harmonic current in the differential current of a
contain phase only has the restraint function on the differential element of this phase and has no function on
the other phase. The‖ OR‖ restraint mode means that as long as the ratio of the secondary harmonics
current of the differential current a certain phase among the 3-phase differential current to the fundamental
current is larger than the setting, the 3-phase differential element will be blocked.
Users can select the suitable restraint mode on the basic of the transformer capacity and the features of the
system in which the transformer lines.
(c) Differential instantaneous element
32
·Functions·
The operation of the differential instantaneous element are not influenced by the waveform distortion of the
differential current and the harmonics in the differential current and only react to the rms of the differential
current. As the rms of the differential current a certain phase is larger than the setting, the element will
operate to have an output immediately.
5.2.2 Logic diagram
The Logic diagram of the transformer longitudinal differential protection is shown in Fig. 5-2-2 or Fig.
5-2-3.The former shows the block diagram for the ―OR‖ restraint longitudinal differential protection; the latter
shows that for the ―Split-phase‖ restraint longitudinal differential protection.
Phase A
Differential Instantaneous
Differential
Phase B
Differential + signal
+ Tripping
Phase C
Differential
TA wire
break Signal
&
Phase A
excitation
surge current
Phase B
excitation
surge current
+
Phase C
excitation
surge current
Fig. 5-2-2 Logic diagram for the “OR” restraint transformer longitudinal differential
protection.
Instantaneous
Differential
Phase A
excitation
surge current
&
Phase A
Differential
signal
Phase B
Differential
+
& + Tripping
Phase B
excitation
&
surge current
Phase C
Differential
Phase C
&
excitation
surge current
TA wire
break Signal
Fig. 5-2-3 Logic diagram for the “Split-phase” restraint transformer longitudinal differential
protection
33
·Functions·
In Fig. 5-2-2 and Fig 5-2-3,
IA1 , IB1 , IC1 ….. and IAn , IBn , ICn — TA secondary phase currents of the differential protections at the various
sides of the transformer respectively.
5.2.3 Discrimination on the several types of the abnormal conditions
(a) TA wire break discrimination and countermeasures
As the TA wire break at a certain side occurs, the differential current will be usually produced to make the
differential protection misoperate. The special link for the TA wire break discrimination is provided to
discriminate before the differential protection has an output the fact that the differential current is resulted
from the TA wire break before and therefore block the output of the differential protection. However, the TA
wire break will produce the arc transients and at the initial stage of the wire break generally the current will
not drop to zero rapidly and the detection time for the TA wire break must be shorter than the tens of ms of
the output time of the differential protection. All these factors will lead to the fact that the correct
discrimination of the TA wire break is very difficult. For the indistinct discriminations, this protection adopts
the conservative method of unblocking the differential protection. This is be cause the consequence will be
extremely severe once the generator or transformer internal fault is falsely discriminated as the TA wire break
and the output of the differential protection is blocked. Therefore, the design principles for the TA wire break
discrimination are that we are rather unable to discriminate the TA wire break and block the differential
protection than to falsely discriminate the short-circuit fault as the TA wire break to falsely block the
differential protection.
The direction of the current sudden change is employed by this protection to discriminate the TA wire break
based principally on the following criteria:
(1) Usually, as a short-circuit occurs, the current increases, as the wire break occurs, the current will
decreases. So the negative value of the direction of the current sudden change is used as the main criterion.
(2) Usually, the possibility that the TA wire breaks occur at the other side simultaneously is not consider .So
the negative value of the current sudden change must occur on TAs at the same side.
(3) The simultaneous 3-phase wire break is not considered, to the sudden change current will not occur on
the two channels.
(4) At least the 3-phase current at one side is healthy, at the side of the TA wire break, these must exist the
one-phase current, the another phase current or 2-phase current will be smaller.
(5) The differential current should be smaller than the setting of the multiples of the differential current Ict for
canceling the TA wire break function.
Following functions after the TA wire break discrimination can be selected.
(1)Signal only but unblock the differential protection. This is because the TA wire break will bring about the
HV and arc harms.
(2)Signals and block the differential protection. This is the common practice in the country at present. The
considerations are that the emergent shutdown is not implement but the proper chance must be found to do
the shutdown processing at once.
(3) Signal and switch on/off the blocking of the differential protection. Under the conditions of very flexible in
operations, this is the compromise of the above two.
34
·Functions·
(b) TA saturation discrimination and countermeasures against the short-circuit faults.
As the severe faults, including the internal and external faults occur, the short-circuit current is large enough
to make TA saturated severely .Sometimes, the short-circuit current contains the aperiodic decaying
components to result in the TA saturation. Under the above conditions, the TA transmission and
transformation performance becomes deteriorated. Besides, the TAs at the both sides of the differential
protection vary in their ratios, types and loads, the saturation extents of the various TA loops are not uniform.
In this case, as the external faults occur, the differential current of the differential protection grows extremely
so that the differential protection can’t restraint on the basis of the normal ratio restraint performance to result
in the misoperations. As the internal faults occur, the inaccurate TA transmission and transformation to make
TA saturated to produce the waveform distortion, it is also possible that the differential protection may be
falsely blocked. This protection uses the TA saturation characteristic variables (i.e., usually TA will not
become saturated within the 1/4 cycle after the fault )to discriminate the TA saturation and judge whether the
TA saturation is resulted from the internal faults or the external faults. If the TA saturations is caused by the
external faults, the trap technique is employed to prevent the misoperation of the differential protection. In the
case of the internal faults, not only the differential protection can operate correctly, but also the operating
time and sensitivity are by no means effected.
(c) TA saturation discrimination and countermeasures as the external faults are cleared.
After the external faults are cleared, in the transient process of the transfer of the fault current to the normal
load current in the TA loop, the TAs at all the sides vary in their ratios types and loads. In this case, the
transient processes of the various TAs are not also uniform. As the aperiodic components are contained in
the fault current, the TA transient saturation is also very severe)Also since the fault current does not exist, the
restraint current of the differential protection is the load current and rather small, the measures must be taken
to avid the misoperations of the differential protection. This protection adopts the reverse negative jump
method to defect the transient process as the external faults are cleared and uses the load current threshold
to automatically improve the performance of the differential protection to avoid the misoperation of the
differential protection at the time of the TA saturation. This method will not affect the operating time and
sensitivity of the differential protection for the internal faults.
5.2.4 List of the settings and setting principles
(a) List of the settings
In the DGT 801 Series Protections, the list of the setting, for the 2nd-harmonic restraint transformer
differential (or the generator-transformer unit differential) protection is shown in Table 5-2-1, In which Iq ，Ig
and Ie are the secondary rms values at the reference side.
Table 5-2-1 List of the settings for the transformer (or generator-transformers unit)
2nd-harmonic restraint differential protection
Multiples of the
Restraint Harmoni Starting Kneepoint Instantaneou differential current Rated

Name c s multiples
coefficient current current for canceling the current
restraint
ratio （*Ie） TA wire break
function（Ie*）
Symbol Kz  Iq Ig Is Ict Ie(IN)
Setting 0.1~1.8 0.05~1 0.05~10 0.5~10 1~20 0.1~3 0.5~8

range
Unit Ampere Ampere Multiples Multiples Ampere
35
·Functions·
(b) Setting principles and suggestions
(1) Ratio restraint coefficient Kz(curve slope)
The setting principles for the ratio restraint coefficient it is set to free from the maximum transient imbalance
differential Kz: current resulted from the transformer output 3-phase short-circuits (i.e., the kneepoint-crossed
sloping line passes through the upper part of the corresponding point of the output external fault maximum
differential current).The settings for the scalar product restraint coefficient fundamentally similes to those for
the ratio restraint coefficient.
Usually, Kz = 0.4 ~ 0.5
(2) Starting current Iq
Setting principles: It is set to be able to free from the maximum imbalance current in the case of the normal
operations of the transformer.
Usually, Iq = (0.4 ~ 0.5) Ie
(3)Kneepoint current Ig
The type and ratios of the TAs at the various sides of the transformer can’t be similar. So the transient
performance of the TAs at the various sides of the transformer varies greatly. In order to free from the effects
of the larger imbalance differential current resulted from the clearance of the external remote faults or the
close faults, it is suggested that the following kneepoint current be taken:
Ig = (0.5 ~ 0.7) Ie
(4) 2nd harmonic restraint ratio η
In the no-load switching on the transformer, the magnitudes of the excitation inrushes, quantity of the
2nd-harmonic components or the extent of the waveform distortion, are related to the factors, e.g. capacity
and structure of the transformer and its position in the systemic as well as the closing angle. In order to make
the differential protection be able to free from the excitation inrushes in the no-load switching-on of the
transformer and to ensure the reliable operation of the differential protection for the fault current waveform
distortion (containing the 2nd-harmonic components are contained)occurred in the internal faults of the
transformer, the proper 2nd-harmonic restraint ratio should be set an the basis of the capacity, structure and
the position of the transformer in the systemic.
Usually, η = 0.13 ~ 0.2
For the larger-capacity transformers, 0.16 ~ 0.18 can be taken; and for the large-sized generator-transformer
units(no breaker are located at the generator terminal),0.18-0.20 can taken. For the medium-and small-sized
transformers that are closer to the main power supply (e.g. starting startup/standby transformers) 0.13 ~ 0.15
can be taken.
(5) Differential current instantaneous differential instantaneous multiples Is.
The setting principle for the transformer operating multiples: it should be set to make the protection be able
to free from the excitation inrushes in the no-load switching-on of the transformer and the maximum
imbalance differential current. The magnitudes of the transforms excitation inrushes are related to the
capacity, structure and position of the transformer in the systemic etc. Usually, I s = 4 ~ 10(multiple)
36
·Functions·
For the large-capacity transformer, 4 ~ 6 can be taken, and for the smaller-capacity transformers in the large
power plants, 8 ~ 10 can be taken; For the large-sized transformer that are remote to the system and no
immediate-switch generator-transformer units, 4 can be taken.
(6)Differential current multiples Ict for canceling the TA wire break function
As the differential current is larger than the setting Ict, cancel the TA wire break discrimination link. Usually,
the differential current caused by the TA wire break is smaller than the maximum load current,
Ict = 0.8 ~ 1.1(multiple)
The open TA secondary circuit is dangerous, especially the open TA secondary circuit of the large-capacity
transformer will bring about the TA insulation deterioration (multiple), burning of the protection or secondary
circuits and the hazard to the personnel safety. Therefore, it is suggested that the TA wire break
discrimination function be cancelled, i.e., Ict = 0.1 ~ 0.2(multiple)
(7) Transformer rated current Ie
The rated currents at the various sides of the transformer (TA secondary values) are often different. The
rated current in the list of the settings denotes the rated current at the reference side.
The computation of the differential TA secondary current at the reference side can be made in the following
equation,
Se
I e I N (5-2-4)
3U ej na
Where, Se — Transformer rated capacity
Uej — Rated interphase voltage at the reference side
na —Differential TA ratio at the reference side.
(c)Sensitivity check
Similar to the Section 6.1 Generator differential protection，the sensitivity of the transformer differential
protection is required to be
Ksen≥2
This sensitivity can ensure the reliability of the protection operations for the various of the interval faults
(there exists a variety of the transient processes)
5.2.5 Regarding the balance coefficient at the various sides of the transformer differential
protection
Under the normal operating conditions or as the external faults occur, the currents that are input into the
various sides of the transformer differential protection are different. Therefore, in order to make the currents
at all the phase of the differential current be equal to zero, the proper balance coefficient is introduced via the
software computation to reduce the currents at the various sides of the transformer to the reference side.
37
·Functions·
In the DGT 801 Series Protections, as the debugging definitions are downloaded, the balance coefficient will
be automatically set up as long as the wiring mode of the transformer windings, rated voltages at all the
sides or the operational tapped actual interphase voltages, the ratios of the differential TAs as well as the
wiring modes of the differential TAs are input.
However, in order to check the balance status of the channels at all the sides of the transformer differential
protection and verity the ratio restraint coefficient, it is necessary to know the balance coefficient between all
the sides after setting.
For example, a 3-winding transformer, its wiring combination is Y/Y/△ -11 and the wiring mode of the TAs at
the various sides of its transformer is Y/Y/Y. The current phase is shifted via the microprocessor-based
software in the HV and MV sides.
Assume the rated capacity of the transformer is Se, the rated voltages or the operational tapped actual
voltages at the HV, MV and LV sides are U h, Um ,UL, and the ratios of the differential TAs are nh, nm ,nL. Take
the LV side as the reference, compute the balance coefficient of the HV and MV sides to the LV side.
The computation process and results are shown in Table 5-2-2
Table 5-2-2 Balance coefficient of the various sides of the Y/Y/Δ-11 transformer differential protection
(take the LV side as the reference side)
Name of item Parameters for all the sides

HV side（H） MV side（M） LV side（L）
TA wiring Mode Y Y Y
Se Se Se
TA secondary current
3U h nh 3U mnm 3U LnL
Computed current of Se Se Se
the differential elements
for the various phase U h nh U mnm 3U LnL
U h nh U mnm
Balance coefficient 1
3U L nL 3U LnL
It is noted that as the wiring modes of the differential TAs at HV and MV sides are all Δ, the balance
coefficients for all the sides of the differential protection are similar to those listed in Table 5-2-2.
5.2.6 Project application
(1) The wiring of the differential TAs at the HV side or MV side (i.e., the side at which the windings are
Y-connected)can be either Δ-connected or Y-connected.
(2) The reference side can be usually selected to be the side at which the computed TA secondary rated
current is close to the TA nominal rated current.
(3) The open TA secondary circuit is dangerous, it had better not to block the output of the differential
protection as TA wire break occurs.
(4)The transformer differential protection can be at must implemented as the 6-side differential protection.
38
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(5) For the Y0/Y-connected transformer (principally, the starting standby transformers), attention should be to
the problem that the zero- sequence current at the Y0 side should be filtered out.
5.3 Generator interturm fault protection with longitudinal zero -sequence voltage
The generator interturn fault protection with longitudinal zero-sequence voltage is the primary protection for
the generator in phase co-branch interturn short-circuits and the generator in phase different branch interturn
short-circuits.
5.3.1 Composition principle
This protection reflects the fundamental components of the generator longitudinal zero-sequence voltage and
rd
uses its 3 -harmonic increments as the restraint variables.
The longitudinal zero-sequence voltage is taken from the open-delta output terminal of the generator terminal
special TV. The TV should be totally insulated and its neutral is not permitted to be grounded and connected
with the generator neutral via the HV cable.
rd
The zero-sequence voltage fundamental channel and the 3 -humonai channel are independent each other
and the hardware filtering circuit and the software Fourier filtering algorithm are used to filter out the
3red-harmonic components on the zero-sequence voltage fundamental channel and the fundamental
rd
components on the 3 -harmonic voltage channel. The AC connection circuit of the protection is shown in Fig.
5-3-1.
The two-zone protection is adopted, the zone I is the subsensitivity zone, the zone II is the sensitivity zone.
The operating equation is
3U 0＞3U oh
(5-3-1)
3U 0＞3U0l
 (5-3-2)
(3U 0  3U 0l )＞K z (U 03  U 03n )
Where,
3U 0 、 3U 03 —Zero-sequence voltage fundamentals and computed 3rd -harmonic value
3U 0l 、3U 0 h 、K z 、U 03n —Settings for the interturn fault protection with longitudinal zero-sequence
voltage, see Table 5-3
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Stator winding
C AC Module
Longitudinal TV
3U0
Fig. 5-3-1 Schematic diagram for the AC connection circuit of the interturn fault protection
with longitudinal zero-sequence voltage
5.3.2 Logic diagram
To prevent the misoperations of the protection as the primary wire break of the special TV occurs, the TV
wire break blocking element is introduced.
Besides, to prevent the protection misoperations caused by the longitudinal zero-sequence voltage resulted
from the external faults or other causes (e.g. some problems occurred on the special TV circuit), the
negative-sequence power directional blocking element. The open (permissive) blocking mode is adopted as
the criteria for the negative-sequence power directional element.
The Logic diagram for the protection is shown in Fig. 5-3-2
Signal
3U0 > 3U0h
& Tripping
3U0 > 3U0l Signal
& t0 Tripping
(3U0 -3U0l )> KZ(U0.3W-U0.3Wn) )
Longitudinal TV
wire break
P2 >0
Fig. 5-3-2 Logic diagram for the longitudinal zero-sequence voltage interturn protection
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In Fig. 5-3-2,
P2 — Negative sequence power directional criterion
t0 — Short time delay
The special TV wire break discrimination is based on the principle of the voltage balance. The block diagram
for the composition is shown in Fig. 5-3-3.
△Uab > △U To block the interrurn

fault protection
△Ubc > △U + & 10

0 Longitudinal TV
wire break
△Uca > △U
To block the protection
with transverse TV
Transverse TV & 10

U2 > U2g 0 Transverse TV
wire break
Fig. 5-3-3 Logic diagram for the voltage balance TV wire break
In Fig. 5-3-3,
U ab 、 U bc 、 U ca — Voltage difference of interphase voltages of the secondary similarly named phase

between the special TV and common

max U ab ` U bc ` U ca  — The maximum one of the ……is taken
U — Set voltage difference
U2 — Common TV negative-sequence voltage
5.3.3 List of Settings and Setting suggestions
Table 5-3 List of the setting for the interturn protection

Operating voltage 3rd-humonic
Power
Voltage 3rd-humonic setting Time
Name High Low operating
difference setting restraint delay
setting setting direction
coefficient
Symbol 3U 0 h 3U 0l U U 03n KZ t0 P2F
Setting
1~100 0.1~100 1~100 0.1~20 0.1~3 0.1~100 0 or 1
range
Control
Unit V V V V S
characters
The list of the settings for the interturn protection is shown in Table 5-3
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(1)Longitudinal zero-sequence voltage operating value 3U0h and 3U0l
The setting principles of the operating voltage are: it can reliably escape from the zero-sequence voltage
caused by the generator longitudinal asymmetry and special TV 3-phase inconsistency under the normal
conditions and will operate reliably as the minimum interturn short-circuit occurs in the stator windings.
For the steam turbogenerators with the single Y-connected stator windings and with a capacity of 125MW
manufactured by the shanghai Electrical Machinery Plant, 8V or more can be taken for 3U 0h ;and for those
with the dual-Y-connected stator windings and with a capacity of 200MW-300MW manufactured at home,
5V-8V can be taken for 3U0h
(0.4 ~ 0.8)3U0h can be taken for 3U0l, usually about 3V.
(2)Voltage difference ΔU
The voltage difference ΔU should be set to ensure that as the special TV primary wire break occurs, the
voltage difference between the secondary interphase voltage and common TV interphase voltage of the
similarly named phase should be equal to the two-three multiples of the setting. In view of the fact that under
normal operations, there are loads both at the special TV secondary and common TV and these is a time
delay and flutter for the blowout of the fuse of the special TV primary, it is suggested that 7 ~ 10V is taken for
ΔU.
(3)3rd-harmonic rated voltage U03ωn
rd
The 3 -harmonic emf at the rated load of the generator is taken as u 03wn .The monitoring display is provided
in this protection usually,
U03ωn = 2 ~ 5V
rd
(4) Gain restraint coefficient Kz of 3 -harmonic
Usually, Kz=0.4 ~ 0.5
(5)Operating time delay t0
The interturn fault protection with longitudinal zero-sequence voltage should operate after a short time delay
to ensure that it will not operate reliably as the special TV primary wire break occurs.
The operational practice has shown the t0=0.15 ~ 0.2 is reasonable.
(6) Negative-sequence directional control character P2F
The operating direction of the negative-sequence power element should be directed at the inside of the
generator. That is as the short-circuit occurs in the inside of the generator, its negative-sequence output is
positive, the negative-sequence power directional element operates and opens the output of the interturn
protection; if it is negative, the setting for P2F can be altered.
The 3U0 circuit should meet the related ―countermeasures‖ requirements: these should not exit fuses and
auxiliary contacts; these should be no multipoint grounded, and the circuit should never be connected with
the common cable core of the phase B of the TV secondary (i.e., phase B ground system)
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If these exist the negative-sequence power criteria, the polarities of the TAs and TVs should be checked
during the starting test of the units to see if they are correct, The case that the 2-phase short-circuit fault
occurs at the external part of the generator terminal can be simulated. The computed negative-sequence
power P2 should be negative and the interturn protection will be blocked. And as the interturns short-circuit
occurs in the internal part of the units, it is sure that the computed P2 is positive and the interturn protection
will be opened.
5.4 Generator stator earth fault protection with fundamental zero -sequence voltage
The coverage of the stator earth fault protection with fundamental zero-sequence voltage is the single-phase
earth fault faults occurred in the range from the generator terminal to the about 90% of the stator windings
inside the generator. It can be used as the stator earth fault protection for the small-sized units. It can be also
combined with the 3rd-harmonic stator earth fault protection to from the 100% stator earth fault protection for
the large and medium-sized generators.
The protection is connected with the voltage 3U0, which is taken from the two ends of the TV open-delta
windings at the generator terminal or from the secondary voltage of the single-phase TV at the generator
neutral (or the distribution transformer or the Petersen coils). Its AC input circuit is shown in Fig. 5-4-1.
AC Module
3U0
AC
Module
Fig. 5-4-1 AC connection circuit of the zero-sequence voltage stator earth fault protection
Operating equation
3U0＞3U0g （5-4-1）
Where,
3U0 —Open-delta voltage of the TV of the generator terminal or the secondary voltage of the TV at
the neutral(or Petersen coils)
3U0g – Setting for the operating voltage
5.4.2 Logic diagram
As the input voltage of the zero-sequence voltage stator earth fault protection is taken from the open-delta
windings of the TV at the generator terminal, the TV wire break blocking element is required to be introduced
to ensure that the protection will not operate as the TV primary wire break occurs.
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The acceptable Logic diagram for the protection is shown in Fig 5-4-2.To enhance the reliability of the
protection operation, it is suggested that the schematic(b)(c) in the Figure be used.
3U0 at the generator

terminal Signal
3U0 >
& t Tripping
TV wire break
(a)
Signal
neutral
3U0 > t
Tripping
(b)
3U0 at the generator Signal

terminal
3U0 >
& t Tripping

neutral
3U0 > TV wire break
& 10"
(c)
Fig. 5-4-2 Logic diagram for the 3U0 stator earth fault protection
5.4.3 List of settings and setting suggestions
Table 5-4 List of settings for 3U0 stator earth fault protection
Name Operating voltage Operating time
Symbol 3U0g t
Setting range 1 ~50 0.1 ~100
Unit V S
The list of the Settings for the zero-sequence voltage stator earth fault protection is shown in Table 5-7
(1)Operating voltage 3U0g
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In the protection, the well behaved 3rd-harmonic filters are provided and so the 3U0g is set to be able to
escape from the maximum fundamental zero-sequence voltage that may be present in the TV open-delta
windings or the secondary voltage of the neutral single-phase TV.
As the outgoing wires of the generator stator are not the closed busbar but are led to the outdoor via the
breakthrough bushings,3uog can be set to be 10 ~ 13V.
As the power plant is located in the coal mineral area, 13V can be taken, otherwise, 10V
(2)Operating time delay
It should be set to be longer than the longest operating time of the backup protection for the ground short
circuit at the HV side of the main transformer. To simplify the computation, 6 ~ 9s is usually taken.
(1)As the secondary voltage of the TV at the neutral of the generator is used, the ratio of this TV is
nV  U e 3 0.1KV
Where,
Ue — Rated interphase voltage of the generator
nv — Ratio of the TV at the neutral(or Petersen coil)
(2)The voltage input circuit should meet the ―Countermeasures‖ requirements: no fuses and auxiliary
contacts in the circuit no multi-point ground phenomena in the circuit. There should be no fuses at the neutral
of the TV primary at the generator terminal or the primary circuit of the TV at the neutral (or Petersen coils or
distribution transformer) and they should be securely ground.
(3)As the generator neutral is grounded via the Petersen coils, the Petersen Coils should be less offset to
properly increase the setting for 3U0 to prevent the protection misoperations for the single-phase earth faults
at the LV side of the HV station transformer.
5.5 Generator stator earth fault protection with 3rd-harmonic voltage

The coverage of the stator earth fault protection with 3rd-harmonic voltage is to react to the single-phase
earth fault faults occurred in the range from the generator neutral to the about 20% of the stator windings
within the generator or in the stator windings adjacent to the generator terminal. This protection is combined
with the zero-sequence voltage stator earth fault protection to form the 100% stator earth fault protection.

rd
The 3 -hacminic voltage stator earth fault protection is composed on the basis of comparing the magnitudes
and phases of the 3rd-harmonic voltage at the generator neutral and the generator terminal. Its AC
connection circuit is shown in Fig. 5-5-1.
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Analog
U3WN input
module
U3WT
Fig. 5-5-1 AC connection circuit of the 3rd-harmonic stator earth fault protection
In the DGT 801 Series Protections, the two principles-based 3rd harmonic stator earth fault protections are
provided, i.e., the vector comparison based(manitudes and phases)earth fault protection and the absolute
value-comparison-based earth fault protection. The operating equation for the vector comparison-based 3
stator earth fault protection is
K1U 3T  K 2U 3N ＞K 3U 3N （5-5-1）
Where,
K1, K2, K3,— Settings for the adjustment coefficients of the 3rd-harmonic stator earth fault protection see
Table 5-5.
U3ωN ,U3ωT — 3rd-harmonic voltages at the generator neutral and the generator terminal.
The operating equation for the absolute value comparison-based 3ω stator earth fault protection is
K1U 3T ＞ K 3U 3N  U （5-5-2）
Where,
K1, K3 — Settings for the adjustment coefficients of the 3rd-harmonic stator earth fault protection
ΔU — Floating voltage threshold
5.5.2 Logic diagram

rd
The Logic diagram for the 3 harmonic stator earth fault protection is shown in Fig. 5-5-2
46
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Signal
U3WT
U3WN
Vector
comparison
& t
Tripping
TV wire
break
Fig. 5-5-2 Logic diagram for the 3 stator earth fault protection.
Table 5-5 List of the settings for the 3W stator earth fault protection
Name& Magnitude Phase coefficient Restraint Operating

coefficient K1 K2 coefficient K3 time-delay t1
symbol
Setting range -5 ~5 -5 ~ 5 0~5 0.1 ~100
Unit S
List of the settings for the 3ω stator earth fault protection is listed in Table 5-5
The setting of the magnitude and phase coefficients should be done automatically at the no-load voltage of
the generator (automatic setting method can be found in the Operation Manual)
There are two methods used to set the restraint coefficient K3. One is that under the conditions of the lower
load of the generator, a ground resistance is set up to make the 3ω protection just operate and then decide
and write in the value of K3.The other is that at the no-load rated voltage of the generator, operate the
interface keyboard to enter the value of K3
For the steam turbogenerator, the ground resistance is usually selected to be 2kΩ ~ 5kΩ, k 3, 0.4 ~ 0.8; and
for the water turbogenerators, the ground resistance is usually selected to be 1kΩ ~ 3kΩ, k 3, 0.1 ~ 0.2
Operating time delay is usually set to be 6 ~ 9s.
U e 100 100
(1)As the ratio of the TV at the generator terminal is V, the ratio of the TV at the neutral(or
3 3 3
U
the Petersen coils or the distribution transformer)should be e 100 (Ue——rated interphase voltage of the
3
generator)
(2)The neutral of the primary of the TV at the generator terminal should be generally ground and it is not
permitted to be ground via the high resistor or the harmonic balancer. The earth ends of the primary of the
TV at the neutral(or Petersen coils or the distribution transformers)should be securely grounded.
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(3)The open-delta circuit of the TV and the secondary circuit of the neutral should meet the related
countermeasures requirements. The primary of the TV at the neutral(or the Petersen coils or the distribution
transformer)should not be fitted with the fuses.
5.6 Generator rotor one-point earth fault protection.

In the DGT 801 Series Protections, the injected DC power supply of the rotor one-point earth fault protection
is self-produced be the protection. So the insulation of the generator excitation circuit to the ground can be
monitored whether the generator is in operation or not. This protection is sensitive in operation without the
dead band.
5.6.1Composition principle
The input terminal of the protection is connected to the negative polarity of the rotor and axis. The protection
has two zones of the output for selection. Its operating equation is

 R g ＜ R g1
 （5-6-1）
 Rg ＜ Rg 2

Where, Rg —Measured resistance of the rotor to the ground
Rg1 、 Rg2 —Setting, for the rotor one-point earth fault protection is shown in Table 5-5
5.6.2 Logic diagram
The Logic diagram for the rotor one-point earth fault protection is shown in .Fig.5-6-1
Signal
Detect the
Axis（600） leakage To add time delay for the single element
current Rg ＜ Rg1 t1 transversal differential protection
To open the rotor two-point earth fault
Negative protection
polarity（602） Culculated Signal
Rg
Rg ＜ Rg2 t2
Tripping
Fig5-6-1 Logic diagram for the rotor one-point earth fault protection.
5.6 3 List of settings and setting suggestions
Table 5-6 List of the settings for the rotor one-point earth fault protection.
Operating Operating Operating time Operating

Name & symbol
Resistance Rg1 Resistance Rg2 t1 time t2
Setting range 0.1~50 0.1~50 0.1~100 0.1~100
Unit K K S S
The list of the settings for the rotor one-point earth fault protection is shown in Table 5-6
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(1)Setting of the operating resistances Rg1, and Rg2
Rg1 is a higher setting: It will send the signals as the insulation resistance of the rotor to the ground reduces
significantly (8-10)kΩ for Rg1 is considered to be appropriate.
Rg2 is a lower setting: It will operate to clear the generator. In view of the harms of the rotor two-point
ground,(0.5-1)kΩ for Rg2 is considered to be reasonable.
(2)Operating times t1and t2
6-9s can be taken for t1and t2
As the protection is connected to the rotor circuit, the polarities can not be falsely connected.
Besides, there is the (leakage current) parameter I 0 in the interface list of settings, its setting in the field is no
longer necessary. A setting value may be taken only in debugging to compensate the measurement accuracy
and stability.
As the rotor one-point earth fault protection is put into operation there will be the effects on the insulation
measurement system in the rotor circuits and vice-versa. Thus, if there exist such two types of the
protections, only one of them can be put into operation, otherwise, there will be effects on each other.
For the duplicated rotor one-point earth fault protection, only one can be put into operation, the other one can
serve as the cold reserve.
5.7 Generator rotor two-point earth fault protection
As the two points of the windings of the generator rotor are grounded, the air gap magnetic field will be
distorted to produce the emf of the2nd-harmomic negative sequence components in the stator windings .
The rotor two-point earth fault protection will react to the 2nd-haumonic ―Negative-sequence‖ components in
the stator voltage.
The Operating equation is
U 2 2 ＞ U 2g
 （5-7-1）
U 2 2 ＞ 2U 21
Where,
U 21 、 U 22 -- 2nd-haumonic positive-and negative-sequence components in the generator stator

voltage
U 2g - Operating setting for the 2nd-haumonic voltage
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5.7.2 Logic diagram
After the rotor one-point earth fault protection operates, the rotor two-point earth fault projection is
automatically switched on. The Logic diagram for the rotor two-point earth fault protection is shown in Fig
5-7-1.
U2w2 >U2wg
& Signal
U2w2 >U2w1
& t
Tripping
Rg <
Fig. 5-7-1 Logic diagram for the rotor two-point earth fault protection
In Fig. 5-7-1,
Rg＜--Operating conditions of the rotor one-point earth fault protection
Table 5-7 List of the settings for the rotor two-point earth fault protection
Operating time
Name & Symbol 2nd-haumonic voltage setting
delay
Symbol U 2g t
Setting range 1~50 0.1~10
Unit V S
The list of the settings for the rotor two-point earth fault protection is shown in Table 5-7.The operating value
of the 2nd-harmonic voltage can be set by the following equation:
U 2g  K relU 2 2 He
Where,
K rel - Reliability coefficient, 8-10 is taken.
U 22He - Maximum 2nd-harmonic negative-sequence voltage measured
under the rated conditions of the generator. Usually 0.1 ~ 0.2.
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Operating time delay t, 0.5-1.0s can be taken to prevent protection the misoperation during the external the
fault transient process.
5.8 Generator loss–of-field protection (impedance principal)

In normal operation, if the measure impedance at the generator terminal is expressed in the impedance
vector plane, the locus of the impedance lies in the first quarter(lagged phase operation)or in the fourth
quarter（advanced phase operation）As the generator loses its field, the locus of the measured impedance at
the generator terminal will enter into the asynchronous boundary circle along the equiactive impedance
circle.
The impedance loss-of –field protection is usually composed of the impedance criterion（Zg＜） rotor
undervoltage criterion（Vfd＜）generator terminal undervoltage criterion（Ug＜）,system undervoltage criterion
（Un＜）and overpower criterion（P＞）.
The input variables of the protection include:
Generator terminal 3-phase voltage, generator 3-phase current, main transformer HV side 3-phase voltage
(or a certain interphase voltage and rotor Dc voltage).
(a) Impedance criterion
In the DGT 801 Series Protections, the operating performance of the impedance criterion is shown in Fig.
5-11-1.It can be known that the centers of the different impedance circles and radiuses can be set as
required to obtain the static stability boundary impedance circle(boundary I in the Figure),or the
asynchronous boundary impedance circle(boundary 3 in the Figure),or the origin-crossed—impedance
circle(boundary 2 in the Figure) or meat the requirements that the two origin-crossed tangents be used to
reduce the some part of the impedance to meet the advance phase operation or that the advance phase
reactive tangent are used to reduce the some put of the impedance to meet the advance phase requirement.
jx
xs
0
tg tg R
x d
2
Q
3
xd
Fig. 5-8-1 Impedance circle performance of the loss-of-field protection
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·Functions·
In Fig. 5-8-1,
x s — System impedance
x d 、 xd — Generator synchronous reactance and transient reactance
Q、 tg — Settings for the loss-of-field protection, see Table 5-8
(b)Rotor under voltage criterion
The operating voltage in the rotor under voltage criterion is related to the active power of the generator, so it
is also called vfd-p criterion, Its operating equation is
V fd＜ V fdl ;V fd＜ Vfdl

 （5-8-1）
 125
V fd ＜ ( P  Pt ) ;V fd＞Vfdl
 K fd 866
Where,
Vfd — Computed rotor voltage
P — Computed active power of the generator
V fdl ， K fd ， Pt — Settings for the protection, see the list of the settings for the loss-of field protection 5-8.
The rotor undervoltage operating performance is shown in Fig. 5-8-2
Vfd Steam turbine

Pt=0
Water turbine
Restraint
area
Operating area
Vfdl
0
Pt P
Fig. 5-8-2 Operating performance of the Vfd-P element for loss-of –field protection
5.8.2 Logic diagram
The Logic diagram of the impedance loss-of-field protection is shown in Fig. 5-8-3
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·Functions·
Siganl
Uh< & t3 Tripping
Siganl
U g<
& t4 Tripping
Zg<
& 1.5" Siganl
TV wire
break + t1 Tripping
Siganl
Vfd< & t2
Tripping
Siganl
t5
P> & Tripping
Fig. 5-8-3 Block diagram for the impedance loss-of-field protection
It can be seen from Fig 5-8-3 that as the operation of the undervoltage element is resulted from the
loss-of-field of the generator, the protection will send the signals after a time delay t 4 to and operate to have
the outputs(such as the measures as the switching of the excitation and switching of the station power supply,
etc)
As the power is larger than the setting because of the loss-of-field of the generator, the protection will send
the signals after a time delay of t5 and operate to have the output(such as the reduction of the power
outputs)As the operation of the system under voltage element is resulted from the loss-of-field of the
generator, the protection will send the signals after the time delay of t 3 and operate to trips as the
performance of the generator loss-of-field impedance element is satisfied or that of the rotor undervoltage
element is also satisfied, the protection will send the signals after a time delay of t 1 or t2 and operate to have
the outputs(such as break down and demagnetizations).
Table 5-8 List of the settings for the impedance loss-of-field protection
Genera Center Initial

tor Radius operating
System of the Performanc Over Operatio
termina of the value of Reactio
Name under- impedanc e curve powe n time
l impedan the rotor n power
voltage under- e circle coefficient under- r delay
ce circle
voltage (negative) voltage
t1，t2，t3，
Symbol U hl U gl -XC Xr K fd V fdl Pt Pg
t4，t5
Setting 1~10
50~100 50~100 -100~0 1~100 0.01~3 1~600 0~500 0.1~1000
range 00
Unit V V   V W W S
The list of the settings for the impedance loss-of-field protection is shown in Table 5-8
(1) Operating setting Uhl: for the system under voltage element
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The setting Uhl is set to make the system stability not effected by the generator loss-of-field.
Usually,
U hl =（0.85~0.9） U he
Where,
Uhe—System busbar rated voltage(TV secondary value)
(2) Operating setting Ug1 of the generator terminal under voltage element
The setting Ug1 is set to meet the following two conditions able to escape from the forced excitation
starting voltage and no effect the safety of the station power. Usually
U gl =0.8 U e
Where,
Ue — Generator rated voltage (TV secondary value)
(3) Center Xc of the impedance circle
Xc -- Usually negative value, as the impedance circle is the origin-crossed downward circle, Xc Usually
take -0.6Xd
(4) Radios Xr of the impedance circle
As the impedance circle is the origin-crossed downward circle, Xr can take 0.6Xd
(5) Performance curve coefficient Kfd of the rotor undervoltage element
K rel 125  S e
K fd  
X d V fdo  866
Where,
krel——Reliability coefficient, it will take 1.1-1.4
Se——Generator secondary rated apparent power
vfdo——Generator no-load rotor voltage
X d  X d  X S
(6) Initial operating settings Vfdl of the rotor undervoltage
It usually takes (0.6-0.8)multiples of the generator no-load excitation voltage, i.e.,
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V fdl =（0.6~0.8） V fdo
(7) Generator reaction power Pt (also called salient pole power)
1 1 1
Where, Pt  (  )S e
2 X q X d 
X d   X d  X s (p.u.)
X q   X q  X s (p.u.)
Xd, Xq—Reactance p.u. of the generator axis d and axis q
(8) Generator overpower setting Pg
The setting Pg is set based on the generator overload asynchronous power and usually takes (0.4-0.5)
multiples of the rated power(secondary value), i.e.
Pg =（0.4~0.5） Pe （Pe—Generator secondary rated active power）
(9) Operating time delays t1, t2 ,t3 ,t4 and t5
These time delays will depend on the loss-of-field asynchronous operational ability and the effects of the
loss-of-field on the over current or the units, generator terminal voltage and system voltage.
The block diagram shown in Fig. 5-8-3 is the block diagram for the maximum configuration of the impedance
loss-of-field projection. During definition debugging .The choices can be made be the user as required by the
project so to obtain the reasonable Logic diagram.
The because of the generator total loss-of-filed out-of-step operation of the generator are smaller than those
of the partial loss-of-field out-of-step protection of the generator. So as the loss-of field protection operates,
the tripping of the demagnetic switch for one time is necessary. Besides, as the loss-of-field is caused by the
short-circuit of the excitation circuit, the tripping of the demagnetic switch can reduce the damages on the
equipment.
5.9 Generator out-of-step protection
The out-of-step protection provided in the DGT 801 Series Protection reflects the varying locus of the
measured impedance at the generator terminal and its operating performance is the duet-shelter. See Fig.
5-9-1.
55
·Functions·
jX
XB
Xt
R4 R3 R2 R1
0 R
&4 &3 &2 &1
Zone IV Zone III Zone II Zone I Zone 0 Acceleration
Deacceleration
XA Zone III Zone IV

Zone 0 Zone I Zone II
Fig. 5-9-1 Operating performance and process chart of the generator out-of-step protection
In Fig. 5-9-1,
Xt — Reactance setting
R1,R2, R3, R4 — Resistance settings
XB = Xs + XT ( Xs — System reactance; XT—Main transformer reactance)
XA= - X’d ( X’d — Generator transient reactance)
It can be seen from Fig. 5-9-1 that the resistance lines R1, R2, R3, R4and the reactance line Xt divide the
impedance composite plane into 5 areas, i.e., areas 0-4. As the generator out-of-step occurs, the condition
that the measured impedance at the generator terminal varies rather slowly in the direction from +R to –R
and passes through in sequence area 0→area II → area II →area III → area IV is judged as the
accelerated output-of-step; and the condition that the measured impedance varies in the direction from –R to
+R and passes through in sequence the various areas is judged as the deaccelerated output-of-step. As
described above, as the measured impedance passes through in sequence the 5 areas, one-time slip is
recorded. As the slip times are accumulated to reach the setting, a tripping order will be sent.
The voltage that is introduced into the protection is the generator terminal 3-phase voltage and the current is
the generator TA 3-phase current.
5.9.2 Logic diagram
The Logic diagram of the dual shelter-based out-of-step protection is shown in Fig. 5-9-2
56
·Functions·
Generator terminal TV Acceleration Acceleration

secondary voltage Out-of-step signal
Generator terminal
measured impedance Out-of-step type criterion
Deacceleration Deacceleration
Generator TA secondary out-of-step
out-of-step
current
Signal
Accumulated
times
& Output
I b<
Fig. 5-9-2 Logic diagram for the out-of-step protection
5.9.3 Principle for escaping from the abnormal conditions
It can be known from the Section 5.14.1 that only as the generator terminal measured impedance passes
through the 5 areas, one-time slip will be recorded. But as the measured impedance locus passes through a
few areas and then returns in the reverse direction, no slip is recorded. Therefore, the generator out-of-step
and the recoverable swing can be discriminated.
As the center of the swing lies on the line, the protection will not count the slip times because the measure
impedance locus at the generator terminal varies over the reactance Xt in Fig. 5-9-1
Besides, As the short-circuit fault occurs in the system, the measured resistance at the generator terminal
varies so fast that the out-of-step protection will not operate.
5.9.4 List of setting and setting suggestions
Table 5-9 List of the settings for the generator out-of-step protection
Resistance values in the

Resistance Starting Slip
Name boundaries of the various Stay time in the various areas
values current times
areas
Symbol Xt R1 R2 R3 R4 T1 T2 T3 T4 Ig N
Setting 0.05
0～ 0～ -100 -100 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 1
range 0～100
100 100 ～
～0 ～0 ～100 ～100 ～100 ～50 ～100
100
Unit      S S S S A 次
The List of the settings for the dual-shelter based out-of-step protection is listed in Table 5-9.
(1)Reactance setting Xt (secondary named value)
The reactance setting X1 should be set to make the protection not operate reliably as the system swing(i.e.
the swing center lies in the outside of the power plant system bus bar)occurs
Xt= XT
(2)Impedance boundary R1 (secondary named value)To create the favorable conditions for the breakers, if
 4  240 0 ，  1  120 0
57
·Functions·
1 
R1  ( X A  X B )ctg 1
2 2
(3)Reactance boundary R2
1
R2  R
2 1
(4)Reactance R3（negative）
R3= -R2
(5)Reactance R4（negative）
R4= -R1
(6)Setting of the stay times T 1,T2,T3 and T4 of the measured impedance in the various areas
In order that the out-of-step protection will not operate for the system short-circuit faults, T1,T2,T3 and
T4should be set to be long enough. Besides, in order to make the out-of-step protection will operate reliably,
T1, T2, T3 and T4 should be set to be shorter than the actual stay times of the measured impedance in the
various areas with the minimum swing period.
Assume that the minimum swing period during the system swing be T us (the specific value will be given by
the dispatch center,usually,0.5-1.5s) and that during the system swing, the power angle δof the generator
vary in the uniform velocity, the stay time of the measured impedance in the area І is
 2  1
Tus
360
Where,
R2
 2  2arcctg
1
( X A  XB)
2
 2  1
Set T1  0.5Tus
360 0
The stay time of the measures impedance in the area II during the system swing
180 0   2
2Tus
360 0
180 0   2
Set T2  0.5  2Tus
360 0
T3 is set to be shorter than the stay time of the measures impedance in the area III during the system swing
58
·Functions·
Set T3= T1
T4 is set to be shorter than the stay time of the measured impedance in the area IV during the system swing.
T4 can be set to be between 0s and T3.
(7)Interrupting current Іb
The so-called interrupting current denotes the current that passes through the switch contacts as the breaker
is interrupted. This current can not be larger than the rated breaking current permitted by the switch. Actually,
as in setting R1, R2, R3 and R4 in the boundaries of the various impedance areas, the possibility of switching
off the switch asδ=180°
Uas been avoided. Thus, in the Logic diagram for the protection, this blocking condition can be saved.
(8)Out-of-step starting current Іg
For the leading phase operational water turbines, a starting current is set up, usually,
Ig =(0.1-0.3)Ie (Ie—Generator secondary rated current)
5.10 Generator reverse power protection and programmed reverse power protection
The steam turbo generator incorporating in power network, once their main air valves are closed, will operate
as the synchronized motors. But they will absorb the active power from the electric network and rotate in
dragging the steam turbines. Since the air cylinder is full of the steam, whose friction with the steam turbine
blades to produce the blade the overheat. The long operation in this case will damage the blades.
5.10.1 Composition principle and Logic diagram
The input variables of the reverse power protection are the generator terminal TV secondary 3-phase voltage
and the generator TA secondary 3-phase current, The protection will operate as the generator absorbs the
active power. The composition block diagram is shown in Fig. 5-10-1.
G Terminal TA IA Signaling or
tripping
P＜Pl t1
G Terminal TV UAB
&
Signaling or
TV Wire tripping
Breaker t2
Fig. 5-10-1 Logic diagram for the reverse power protection
Where,
P — Computed value of the generator active power
P1,t1,t2 — Settings for the reverse power protection. See Table 5-10
It can be seen from Fig 5-10-1 that as the active power absorbed by the generator is large than the setting,
the protection will send the signals after the short time delay t 1 and will operate to give the outputs after the
59
·Functions·
long time delay t2.
At presence, for the large-sized steam turbogenerators, the generator reverse power protection, in addition
to the protection for the steam turbines, can also serve as the program-controlled trip starting element of the
generating units, called the program trip reverse protection.
The composition block diagram for the protection is shown in Fig. 5-10-2.
G Terminal TA IA
Signaling or
P＜Pl tripping
t1
G Terminal TV UAB
&
TV Wire
Signaling or
Breaker
tripping
t2
K
Main Stream Valve
Fig. 5-10-2 Logic diagram for the programmed reverse power protection
In the Fig. 5-10-2,
K —Auxiliary contact of the main stream valve. The output of the protection will be opened after the main
stream value is closed.
The contact K is introduced in the programmed reverse power protection. As the main air valve is closed and
the active power absorbed by the generator is larger than the setting, the protection will start the program trip
of the units after the short time delay.
Table 5-10 List of the settings for the reverse power protection.
Reverse power
Name setting(negative) Operating time delay
Symbol Pl t1 t2
Setting range -600～0.5 0.1～1990 0.1～1990
Unit W S S
The list of the settings for the generator reverse power protection is listed in Table 5-10
(1) Setting P1 for the operation of the power protection
The setting P1 should be set to ensure the reliable operation of the reverse power protection after the main
air valve is closed. Therefore,
Pl =- Krel (P1  P2 )
Where,
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ΔP1 — Generator no-load consumption
ΔP2 — Steam turbine idle consumption
krel — Reliability coefficient, 0.7-0.8 is taken.
Usually,
P1= - (1% ~5%) Pe, (Pe——Generator secondary rated power)
As the reverse power protection operates, the signal should be sent as soon as possible. Considering that
the reverse power for a short time may be present as the generator is synchronized and closed, it is
reasonable to set t1 as(1-1.5)s.
The time delay for the operation of the reverse power protection an the outputs should be set to meet the
condition of the time during which blade overheat will be permitted for the steam turbines. For those steam
turbogenerators fitted with the bypass pipes, the time delay may be set to be about 10 min. Usually,t 2 is set
to be (1-3)min.
(4)Operating time delay t1,of the programmed reverse power protection.
t1 is the time for the reverse power protection to start the program trip,usually,1-2s is taken.
5.11 Generator abnormal frequency protection

The blades of the steam turbine have their own self-vibration frequency. The synchronized and closed
operational generators, as the system frequency is abnormal, the resonance of the blades of the steam
turbines may be present to fatigue the blades, which may be damaged by the long-time fatigue.
The generator abnormal frequency protection is used to protect the safety of the steam turbine.
The protection is connected with a interphase voltage of the TV at the generator terminal (e,g,U AB).These are
three types for the Logic diagram for the protection, one is the under frequency protection, See Fig. 5-11-1;
one is the HF protection, see Fig. 5-11-2; the other is the frequency accumulation protection, see Fig. 5-11-3.
Those Protections that will react to the accumulated effects of the fatigue of the steam turbine blades can
serve as the under frequency accumulation protection of HF accumulation protection.
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·Functions·
Signal
F < F1 t1
Uab Tripping
Calculated Signal
frequency F < F2 t2
F Tripping
K
Signal
F < F3 t3
Tripping
Fig. 5-11-1 Logic diagram for the underfrequency protection
Signal
F > F1 t1
Uab Tripping
Calculated Signal
frequency F > F2 t2
F Tripping
K
Signal
F > F3 t3
Tripping
Fig. 5-11-2 Logic diagram for the HF protection
Signal
Fl1 < F < Fh1 t 1 Tripping
Signal
Fl 2 < F < Fh2 t 2
Tripping
UAB
Signal
Calculated
frequency Fl 3 < F < Fh 3 t 3
Tripping
F
K Signal
Fl 4 < F < Fh 4 t 4 Tripping
Signal
F < F1 t1
Tripping
Fig. 5-11-3 Logic diagram for the frequency accumulation protection
In the Figures,
UAB — Generator terminal TV secondary phase-to-phase voltage
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K — Auxiliary contact of the breaker, it is closed as the breaker is switched on.
F1,F2.F3 — Settings for the zones1,2,3 of the frequency protection
t1,t2,t3 — Settings for the time delays of the zones 1,2,3 of the frequency protection
Fl1 、 Fh1 — Settings for the lower limit and upper limit of the zone I of the frequency accumulation protection.
Fl 2 、 Fh 2 — Settings for the lower limit and upper limit of the zone II of the frequency accumulation
protection.
Fl 3 、 Fh 3 — Settings for the lower limit and upper limit of the zone III of the frequency accumulation
protection.
Fl 4 、 Fh 4 — Settings for the lower limit and upper limit of the zone IV of the frequency accumulation
protection.
t 、 t
1 2 、 t 、 t
3 4 —Accumulated time of the zonesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ of the frequency protection
Table5-11 List of the settings for the Al normal frequency protection

Under frequency
Frequency accumulation protection
protection/HF protection
Time of the
Lower limit of Upper limit of
Name Frequency frequency
the frequency the frequency
operating Time delay accumulation
accumulation accumulation
value protection.
protection protection
Symbol Fl1 、 Fl 2 Fh1 、 Fh 2  t1 、  t 2

F1 、F2 、F3 t1 、 t 2 、 t 3
Fl 3 、 Fl 4 Fh 3 、 Fh 4  t3 、  t 4
Setting
40~60 0．1~100 40~60 40~60 0．1~5000
range
Unit Hz S Hz Hz S
The list of the settings for the generator abnormal frequency protection is listed in Table 5-11.
At present, the unit capacity in the power system has become larger and larger and the connection between
the various systems has become closer and closer .The possibility of the long-time under frequency or HF
operation is nearly equal to zero. Therefore, as the abnormal frequency protection operates to clear the
generator, the frequencies and accumulated times of the various zones of the protection should be
coordinated with those of the under frequency load shedding relay or the HF clearing device. The values of
the frequencies and the accumulated times should be set based on the data provided by the steam turbine
manufacturer multiplied by the reliability coefficient.
In project application, the underfrequency, HF or the frequency accumulated protections can be selected as
required. The zone number of the protection output should be selected according to the requirements.
63
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5.12 Overexciting protection (including generator and transformer)

As the generator or the transformer is in the overexciting operation, a large current will be produced and the
current waveforms will be severely distorted and the magnetic leakage increase significantly. The long-time
operation under this condition will damage generators or transformers. So it is very necessary that the large
capacity generators and transformer, should be provided with the overexcitation protection.
The overexcitation protection reflects the overexcitation multiples and the latter is equal to the ratio of the
voltage to the frequency. The voltage rise or the frequency drop of the generator or transformer may produce
the overexcitation, i.e.
B U
Uf U f   (5-12-1)
Be f
Where,
Uf — Overexcitation multiples
B、Be — Operating magnetic flue density of the core and the rated magnetic flux density respectively.
U 、 f 、U  、 f — Voltage, frequency and their p1 us that take the rated voltage and rated frequency as the
reference.
5.12.2 Operating performance and Logic diagram
The overexcitation protection provided by the DGT 801 Series Protections
is composed of the definite time-limit zone and the inverse time-limit zone. Its operating performance is
shown in Fig 5-12-1.Usually,the definite time-limit zone is used to send signals or send signals and reduce
excitation, the inverse time-limit zone is used to clear the generator or the transformer.
Uf(U/f)
Ufi
Us 2
0 tfi ts t
Fig. 5-12-1 Operating performance of the overexcitation protection
The definite time-limit overexcitation protection can be set up to have two zones and two time delays as
required.
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·Functions·
Among the various points on the inverse time-limit operating curves( U fi , t fi ) the maximum 10 points can be
selected as the free setting points.
The Logic diagram for the composition of the overexcitation protection is shown in Fig. 5-12-2.
Signal
Reduce
U/f ＞ Us ts excitation
UAB Computed U/f Signal
Breakdown
U/f ＞ Uf1 demegnetism
Fig. 5-12-2 Logic diagram for the generator or transformer overexcitation protection
In the Figure,
UAB - Generator or transformer interphase voltage (TV secondary value)
Us, ts, Uf1 - Protection settings, see the Table 5-12 List of settings for the overexcitation protection
Table 5-12 List of the settings for the overexcitation protection
Name Definite time-limit Inverse time-limit overexcitation

overexcitation
Multiple Time Multiples Time Multiples Time Multiples Time

s
Symbol Us ts U f1 t f1 Uf2 tf2 U f 10 t f 10
…
Setting
0.5~2 0.1~100 0.5~2 0.1~1000 0.5~2 0.1~1000 0.5~5 0.1~1000
range
Unit S S S S
The list of the settings for the generator or transformer overexcitation protection is listed in Table 5-12. The
overexcitation protection is set based on the following principles:
As the manufacturer provides the generator or transformer overexcitation capability curves, the operating
value of the inverse time-limit overexcitation protection should be coordinated with the overexcitation
capability curves, and as the manufacturer does not provide the generator or transformer overexcitation
capability curves, the inverse time-limit overexcitation protection can be set in reference to the generator or
transformer overvoltage capability curves.
Besides, the anti-connected generator or transformer can be equipped with the set of the overexcitation
protection, which can be set on the basis of the lower overexcitation capability among the generator and
transformer.
1) Setting of the definite time-limit overexcitation multiple Us and ts
65
·Functions·
The definite time-limit overexcitation multiples Us can be set to be (1.1-1.2) multiples of the generator or
transformer rated voltage/rated frequency.
U s  1.1 ~ 1.2
6~9s can be set as the operating time delay ts
2) Settings for the inverse time-limit overexcitation protection
The settings should be coordinated with the permitted generator or transformer overexcitation capability
curves or the overvoltage capability curves. The set operating curves are shown in Fig. 5-12-3.
t(s)
Fig. 5-12-3 Set operating curves for the inverse time-limit overexcitation protection
In the Figure,
Curve 1 - Permitted generator or transformer overexcitation capability curves or overvoltage curve provided
by the manufacturer.
Curve 2- Set operating curve for the inverse time-limit overexcitation protection
Usually, it can be set based on the principle that the curve 2 is (10-15)% lower than the curve 1.
For the large-sized generator-transformer unit, the AC voltage input into the overexcitation protection should
be taken from the generator terminal TV secondary interphase voltage. In setting the inverse time-limit
operating curves, it can be coordinated with the generator overexcitation capability curves.
The set operating curves should be passed through the point at which U f  1.4 , t f = (0.3-0.5)s.
5.13 Generator overvoltage protection
The protection reflects the generator stator voltage. Its input voltage is the generator terminal TV secondary
interphase voltage(e.g.UCA). The protection will operate and clear the generator after a time delay. Its Logic
diagram for the composition is shown in Fig. 5-13-1
66
·Functions·
Signal
Uca > Ug t Tripping
Fig. 5-13-1 Logic diagram for the generator overvoltage protection
Table 5-13 List of the settings for the Generator Overvoltage Protection
Name Operating voltage Operating time
Symbol Ug t
Setting range 50~200 0.1~100
Unit V S
The list of settings for the generator overvoltage protection is listed in Table 5-13
The operating voltage of the overvoltage protection depends upon the generator type of, excitation mode,
permitted overvoltage capability and the insulation status of the stator windings.
For the 200MW or more steam turbogenerators
U g  (1.3 ~ 1.35)U e
For the water turbogenerators
U g  1.5U e
For the thyritor excitation water turbogenerators
U g  (1.3 ~ 1.4)U e
The operating time delay t can be set to be (0.3 ~ 0.5)s.
In the above equations, U e -generator rated voltage (TV secondary value)
In the DGT801 Series Protections, the overvotlage protection can provide the two-zone settings and
two-zone time delays and the different output modes. The requirements should be indicated in your
selection.
67
·Functions·
5.14 Generator overload and overcurrent protection (definite time -limit)
The protection will react to the magnitudes of the generator stator current. As the generator stator current is
higher than the rated current (overload) or very large(overcurrent is caused by the system fault), the
protection will operate to send signals(overload) or to clear the generator (overcurrent) the protection
introduces the generator current (TA secondary value). Whether the protection introduces the 3-phase
current or only one phase current can be decided during defining the protection. The Logic diagram for the
composition of the protection that only introduces one-phase current is shown in Fig. 5-14-1, and the
protection is usually called the overload protection. The Logic diagram for the composition of the protection
that introduces 3-phase current is shown in Fig. 5-14-2 and the protection is usually called the overcurrent
protection.
Signal
Ib > Ig t
Fig. 5-14-1 Logic diagram for the generator stator overload protection (one phase)
Signal
Ia > I g t1 Output
Ib > I g + Signal
t2
Ic > I g Output
Fig. 5-14-2 Logic diagram for the generator stator overcurrent protection (3-phase)
In the figures,
Ig, Ig1 - Protection settings, see the Table 5-14 list of the settings for the overload and overcurrent protections
5.14.2 List settings and setting suggestions
Table 5-17 List of the settings for the generator overload and overcurrent protections
Overcurrent protection
Overload protection
Name
Operating Operating
Operating time Operating time
current current
Symbol Ig t I g1 t1 t2
Setting
0.1~60 0.1~100 0.1~60 0.1~100 0.1~100
range
Unit A S A S S
The list of the settings for the generator overload and overcurrent protections is listed in Table 5-14.
The operating current of the generator overload protection should be set to be able escape from the
generator rated current. Usually,
68
·Functions·
Where,
I g  1 05I e 095  1.1I e
Ie – Generator rated current (TA secondary value)
The generator overcurrent protection should be set to be coordinated with adjacent backup protection.
Besides, as the short circuit occurs at the end of the adjacent line, the protection should have the appropriate
operating sensitivity.
The operating time delay for the overload protection is usually set to be 9s; whereas the operating time delay
t1 for the overcurrent protection should be set to be coordinated with the longest time delay for the backup
protection of the adjacent equipment(e.g. main transformer), i.e.,
t1 = tc +△ t
Where, tc – Longest time delay for the backup protection of the adjacent element;
△ t -Time step difference, usually, △ t = 0.3~0.5s
t2 = t1 + △ t
The overcurrent protection is provided at maximum with the two-zone current settings and 4-zone time
settings.
The requirements should be indicated in your selection.
5.15 Generator negative-sequence overload (or overcurrent) protection(definite

time-limit)
The protection is connected with the generator 3-phase current (TA secondary value). As the
negative-sequence current is larger than the setting for the negative-sequence overload, the protection will
send the alarm signal after a time delay; as the negative-sequence current is larger than the setting for the
negative-sequence overcurrent, the negative-sequence current protection will operate and clear the
generator after a time delay.
The Logic diagram of the protection is shown in Fig. 5-15-1 and Fig. 5-15-2.
IA Signal
IB I > I2g t
IC
Fig. 5-15-1 Logic diagram for the negative-sequence overload protection
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·Functions·
Signal or Tripping
IA t1
IB I > I2g
IC Signal or Tripping
t2
Fig. 5-15-2 Logic diagram for the negative-sequence overcurrent protection.
In the figure,
IA, IB, IC - Generator TA secondary 3-phase current
I2g, I2g1 - Protection settings, see Table 5-15 List of the settings for the
negative-sequence overload and negative-sequence overcurrent
protections
Table 5-15 List of the Setting for the negative-sequence overload and negative-sequence
overcurrent protection
Negative-sequence Negative-sequence
Name Operating Operating Operating
overload operating overcurrent operating
time time time
current current
Symbol I 2g t I 2 g1 t1 t2
Setting
0.1~60 0.1~50 0.1~60 0.1~50 0.1~50
range
Unit A S A S S
The list of the settings for the generator negative-sequence overload and negative-sequence overcurrent
protection is shown in Table 5-15.
The operating current of the generator negative-sequence overload protection is set on the basis of the
long-time permitted generator negative-sequence current I2∞.
Usually, I 2 g  (0.08 ~ 0.1) I e ( I e - Generator secondary rated current)
The operating current of the generator negative-sequence overcurrent protection should be set to be
coordinated with the back up protection for the asymmetrical short-circuit occurred in the adjacent equipment.
Besides, the protection should be sensitive enough for the asymmetrical fault occurred at the end of the
adjacent lines.
Operating time: The operating time of the negative-sequence overload protection can be set to be 6-9s; the
operating time delay of the negative-sequence overcurrent protection should be coordinated with the backup
protection for the asymmetrical fault occurred in the adjacent equipment.
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·Functions·
The negative-sequence overcurrent protection is provided at maximum with two-zone and four time delays.
The requirements should be indicated in your selection.
5.16 Generator symmetrical overload protection(inverse time-limit)

The generator symmetrical overload protection(inverse time-limit) serves as the overheat protection for the
generator stator and is mainly used for the large-sized cold steam turbo generators.
The protection will reflect the magnitudes of the generator stator current and its input current is same as that
for the generator definite time-limit overload and overcurrent protection, i.e., the generator TA secondary one
phase current or the 3-phase current. This protection is composed of the definite time-limit part and the
inverse time-limit part.
a) Operating equations
For the definite time-limit part
I ＞I g
(5-16-1)
For the inverse time-limit part
( I 2  K 2 )t ＞K1
(5-16-2)
Where, I 、 I - Generator current and its P.U. (take the generator rated current as the reference);
t– Operating time delay for the inverse time-limit protection
Ig 、 K1 、 K 2 - Protection settings, see Table 5-16 List of settings for the symmetrical overload
protection(inverse time-limit)
b) Operating performance
As the generator current is larger than the operating setting for the definite time-limit part, the protection will
send signals after a time delay; As the generator current is larger than the starting current for the inverse
time-limit part, the operating time of the protection is inversely related to the current magnitudes and the
protection will give the outputs for the breakdown or the program trip.
The inverse time-limit performance curves of the protection consist of the three parts: upper-limit short
time-delay, inverse time-limit and lower-limit long time delay. Its performance curves are shown in Fig.
5-16-1.
71
·Functions·
I
I up
K1
t
I  K2
2

IS
I g1
0 t up ts t
Fig.5-16-1 Operating performance of the generator inverse time-limit symmetrical overload

protection
In the Figure, I s , t s , I up , t up - Protection settings, see Table 5-16 List of the settings for the symmetrical
overload protection(inverse time-limit)
5.16.2 Logic diagram
The Logic diagram for the generator symmetrical overload protection(inverse time-limit) is shown in
Fig.5-16-2.
Signal
I>Ig t1 Signal
I>Is ts
I>Iup tup +
Tripping
Iup>I>Is
Fig.5-16-2 Logic diagram for the generator inverse time-limit symmetrical overload protection
a) List of settings, see Table 5-16
72
·Functions·
Table 5-16 List of the settings for the Inverse time-limit symmetrical overload protection
Settings for the

Settings for the inverse time-limit
definite time-limit
Lower- Rated
Name Time Lower- Upper- Upper-
Operating Caloricity Radiation current
delay limit long
current limit limit limit coefficient coefficient
time
current current time
delay
Symbol I g1 t11 Is ts I up t up K1 K2 Ie（IN）
Setting
0.1~60 0.1~100 0.1~60 0.1~5000 0.1~80 0.1~100 1~50 0~2 0.1~8
range
Unit A S A S A S A
b)Setting principles and setting suggestions
1) Definite time-limit setting Ig1
It is set to be able to escape from the generator rated current, i.e.
K rel I e
I g1 
0.95
Where, K rel - Reliability coefficient, 1.05 is taken
I e - Generator rated current (TA secondary value)
Usually, I g1 is set to be （1.05~1.1） I e .
2) Operating time delay t11 for the definite time-limit part
Usually, t11 is set to be 6-9s.
3) Lower-limit starting current I s for the inverse time-limit part
I s is set to be coordinated with the operating current of the overload protection I s can be set to
be 1.15 I e .
4) Lower-limit long time delay t s for the inverse time-limit part
ts is set to be 0.8~0.9 multiples of the corresponding time of 1.15 I e on the permitted generator
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overload capability curves. Usually, t s is set to be 300-600s.
5) Upper-limit current I up for the inverse time-limit part
I up is set to be basis of the short-circuit current provided by the generator as the 3-phase
short-circuit occurs at the HV busbar of the power plant.
6) Upper-limit operating time delay t up for the inverse time-limit part
t up should be set to be coordinated with the operating time of the longitudinal protection for the
outgoing lines of the HV busbar of the power plant or the distance zone I protection. Usually,
t up =（0.3~0.5）S
7) Caloricity coefficient K1 and radiation coefficient K2
Setting method: Take two points in the middle part of the permitted generator overload capability
curves and substitute the current value and time value corresponding to these two point into the
equation 5-16-2 to obtain the two-dimentional one-time equation with two unknown variables K1
and K2. K1 and K2 can be also provided directly by the manufacturer.
The value for the radiation coefficient K2 lies usually in between 1-1.1.
5.17 Generator asymmetrical overload protection(inverse time-limit)

The generator asymmetrical overload protection(inverse time-limit) is applicable for the large-sized
internally-cooled steam turbogenerators. It can serves as the generator rotor overheat protection, also called
rotor surface overheat protection
The protection will react to the negative-sequence components in the generator stator current. Its input
current is the generator TA secondary 3-phase current. The protection is composed of the definite time-limit
part and inverse time-limit part.
a) Operating equation
Definite time-limit part
I 2 ＞ I 2g1 (5-17-1)
Inverse time-limit part
( I 22  K 2 )t ＞ K1
(5-17-2)
Where,
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I 2 、 I 2 - Generator negative-sequence current and its p.u.(take the generator rated current as the
reference):
t – Operating time delay for the inverse time-limit protection
I 2 g1 、 K 1 、 K 2 - Protection settings, see Table 5-17
List of settings for the asymmetrical overload protection(inverse time-limit).
b) Operating performance
As the generator negative-sequence current is larger than the operating setting for the definite time-limit part,
the protection will send signals after a time delay; as the generator negative-sequence current is larger than
the starting current for the inverse time-limit part, the protection will operate to clear the generator based on
the inverse time-limit performance.
The inverse time-limit performance curves of the protection are composed of the three parts: upper-limit
short time delay, inverse time-limit and the lower limit long time delay,. Its performance curves are shown in
Fig. 5-17-1.
I2
I 2up
K1
t
I  K2
2
2
I2 s
I 2 g1
t up ts
t
Fig. 5-17-1 Operating performance of the inverse time-limit asymmetrical overload protection
In the Figure, I 2 s 、t s 、I 2up 、tup - Protection settings, see Table 5-17 List of the settings for the asymmetrical
overload protection(inverse time-limit).
The Logic diagram for the generator asymmetrical overload protection(inverse time-limit) is shown in 5-17-2.
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Signal
I2>I2g t1 Signal
I2>I2s ts
I2>I2up tup +
Tripping
I2up>I2>I2s
Fig. 5-17-2 Logic diagram for the Generator inverse time-limit negative-sequence overload
protection
a) List of settings, see Table 5-17
Table 5-17 List of the settings for the inverse time-limit asymmetrical overload protection
Name Settings for the Settings for the inverse time-limit Rated
definite time-limit current
Operating Time Lower-limit Lower- Upper- Upper- Caloricity Radiation
current delay current coefficient coefficient
limit long limit limit
time current time
delay
Symbol
I 2 g1 t11 I 2S ts I 2up t up K1 K2 Ie（IN）
Setting
0.1~60 0.1~100 0.1~60 0.1~5000 0.1~80 0.1~100 1~50 0~2 0.1~8
range
Unit A S A S A S A
b) Setting principles and setting suggestions
1) Setting I 2 g1 and t11 for the definite time-limit part
The current setting I 2 g1 is set on the basis of the long-time permitted generator negative-sequence current
I 2 , i.e.,
I 2
I 2 g1  K rel
0.95
Where, K rel - Reliability coefficient, 1.2 is taken.

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I 2 - Negative-sequence current permitted for the generator long-time operation.
Usually, I 2 g1 is set to be （8~10）% I e
The operating time t11 is usually set to be 6-9s.
2) Lower-limit starting current I 2 S and time delay t s for the inverse time-limit part
The lower-limit starting current I 2 S for the inverse time-limit part can be set be 1.05-1.1 multiples of the
operating current for the definite time-limit part, and the operating time t s is usually set to be 300-600s.
Besides, in deciding the operating time delay, the lower-limit operating current should be substituted into the
equation (5-17-2) for the check. The actual operating time should be shorter than the computed value in
equation (5-17-2).
3) Upper-limit current I 2up and time delay t up for the inverse time-limit part
The upper-limit operating current I 2up should be set to be 1.05 multiples of the negative-sequence current
provided by the generator as the 2-phase short-circuit occurs on the busbar at the HV side of the main
transformer of the power plant, and the upper-limit operating current t up should be set to be coordinated with
the operating time delay for the longitudinal protection for the HV basbar of the power plant or the distance
protection zone I.
Usually, t up is set to be 0.3-0.5s.
4) Caloricity coefficient K1 and radiation coefficient K2.
The caloricity coefficient K1 should be determine on the basis of the negative-sequence overload capability
permitted for the rotor surface provided by the generator manufacture. If there is no data provided by the
manufacturer, K1 can be set based on the generator capacity.
For the 200-300MW internally-cooled steam turbogenerators, K1=8~10 can be taken (usually K1 =10).
For the 300-600MW steam turbogenerators, K1 = 6~8 can be taken.
The more the capacity, the smaller the setting K1. The radiation coefficient K2 is dependent upon the
long-time permitted negative-sequence current capability of the generator. Usually, K2 is not lager than 0.01.
5.18 Generator rotor winding overload and overcurrent protections

The generator rotor winding overload and overcurrent protection is used to protect the rotor windings and
can serve as the backup protection for the exciter. In the DGT 801 Series Protections, the various types of
the rotor overload and overcurrent protections can be provided: those that reflect the DC excitation circuit
current; those that reflect the AC excitation circuit; the operating performance of the protection can be the
definite time-limit or the inverse time-limit.
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5.18.1 Rotor overload and overcurrent protection that reflects the DC excitation current
5.18.1.1 Composition principle
The protection input is taken from the voltage(at the MV level) at the two ends of the diverter in the rotor
winding circuit, which is directly related to the current in the rotor windings.
As required, the protection can implement the definite time-limit overload protection (maximum zones and 4
time delays can be provided). The inverse time-limit overload protection can be also implemented.
a) Operating equations
For the definite time-limit overload protection
U F ＞U F 1
(5-18-1)
For the inverse time-limit overload protection
2
（UF* —K2） t＞K1 (5-18-2)
Where,
U F 、 U F  - Rotor diverter voltage and its p.u. (take 75mV as the reference)
U F 1 、 K 1 、 K 2 - Protection settings, see Table 5-18-1 . List of the settings for the DC rotor overload
and overcurrent protection
b) Operating performance of the inverse time-limit part
The rotor overload protection with the inverse time-limit performance is composed of the upper-limit short
time delay, inverse time-limit and the lower-limit long time delay. Its operating performance is shown in Fig.
5-18-1.
Fig. 5-18-1 Operating performance of the generator
inverse time-limit rotor overload protection
In the 5-18-1, U Fup 、 t up 、 U Fs 、 t s - Protection settings, see Table 5-18-1

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5.18.1.2 Logic diagram
The Logic diagram for the rotor overload protection whose voltage input comes from the DC diverter is
shown in Fig. 5-18-2.
UF ＞ UF1 t11 Signal
U F ＞ UFS ts Signal
UF ＞ UFup tup + Tripping
UFS ＜UF＜UFup
Fig. 5-18-2 Logic diagram for the generator
inverse time-limit rotor overload protection
Table 5-18-1 List of the settings for the DC rotor overload and overcurrent protection
Settings for the

definite time-limit
Lower-
Name Lower- limit Upper-

Operatin Operatin Upper- Caloricity Radiation
limit long limit
g voltage g time limit time coefficient coefficient
voltage time voltage
delay
Symbol
U F1 t11 U FS ts U Fup t up K1 K2
Setting 0.1~500
1~600 0.1~100 1~600 1~600 0.1~100 1~60 0~1.6
range 0
Unit mV S mV S mV S
The list of the settings for the DC rotor overload protections listed in Table 5-18-1.
1) Definite time-limit operating setting and time delay
should be set to be able to escape from the rated voltage for the rotor diverter.
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U fe
U F 1  1.05  1.1U fe ( U fe - Rated voltage for the rotor diverter)
0.95
The operating time delay t11 is usually set to be 6~9s.
2) Inverse time-limit lower-limit starting value
U FS should be set based on the lower-limit value of the permitted generator rotor overload
capability curves (to be provided by the manufacturer). The simplify the setting, U FS can be set to
（1.05~1.1） U fe .
3) Inverse time-limit upper-limit setting U Fup and the time delay t up .
U FUP should be set to be coordinated with the forced excitation maximum rotor current of the
generator. The upper-limit operating time delay t up should be longer than the forced excitation time,
usually, longer than 10s.
4) Caloricity coefficient K1 and radiation coefficient K2
Usually, K2 can be set to be (1~1.1)
Take a point in the inverse time-limit part of the permitted overload performance curves of the excitation
windings and substitute the rotor diverter voltage U F and operating time delay at two points and K2 into the
equation (5-18-2) to compute the value of K1.
5.18.2 Rotor overload and rotor overcurrent protection that reflects the AC exciter (or
excitation transformer) 3-phase current
5.18.2.1 Composition principle and Logic diagram
This protection reflects the magnitudes of the output current of the AC exciter or excitation transformer. Its
connected current is the exciter or the excitation transformer TA secondary on phase current or 3-phase
current, which can be selected as required in defining the protection.
As required, the protection can implement the definite time-limit overload protection (maximum 2 zones and
4 time delays can be provided) and its Logic diagram is shown in Fig. 5-18-3. The protection can also
implement the inverse time-limit overload protection and its operating equation and the performance are
similar to those shown in the section 6.21 Generator inverse time-limit overload protection and its Logic
diagram is shown in Fig. 5-18-4.
Ia Signal or Tripping
Ib
Ic
I=max{Ia,Ib,Ic} I > Ig t11
Signal or Tripping
t12
Fig. 5-18-3 Logic diagram for the definite time-limit rotor overload protection
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IA
IB I ＞ Ig1 t11 Signal
Signal
I  max( IA 、IB 、
IC )
IC
I ＞ Is ts
+
Output
I ＞I up tup
Is ＜ I ＜Iup
Fig. 5-18-4 Logic diagram for the inverse time-limit rotor overload protection
In the Figures,
- Exciter or excitation transformer TA secondary 3-phase current ts max. denotes the largest of
the three.
I g1 、 t11 、 I s 、 t s 、 I up 、 t up - Protection settings, see Table 5-18-2 List of settings for the rotor overload
protection.
5.18.2.2 List of settings and setting suggestions
Table 5-18-2 List of the settings for the AC rotor overload and overcurrent protection
Settings for the

definite time-limit
Lower- Lower- Upper- Rated
Name
Operating Time Upper- Caloricity Radiation current
limit limit limit
Current delay limit time coefficient coefficient
current time Current
Symbol I g1 t11 Is ts I up t up K1 K2 Ie( I N )
Setting
0.1~60 0.1~100 0.1~60 0.1~5000 0.1~100 0.1~100 1~50 0~2 1~8
range
Unit A S A S A S A
The list of the setting for the AC rotor overload protection is list in Table 5-18-2.
The setting principles and setting suggestion for the AC rotor overload protection are basically similar to
those for the DC protection. It differs in the requirement that the current given in the list of the settings should
be discounted, i.e., the rotor circuit DC current is required to be discounted into the AC exciter or the
excitation transformer current and to be divided by the rectification ratio coefficient, which can be set to be
1.2.
In using this protection, users are required to provide the following data: a) whether the input current or the
protection is DC current or AC current; b) if the DC current is used, the specified data for the diverter (rated
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mv) are required to be provided; c) type of the protection to be used definite time-limit or inverse time-limit); d)
if the excitation is fed by the AC exciter, determine the frequency of the AC exciter(50Hz or 100Hz).
5.19 Voltage controlled overcurrent protection (including generator, main transformer,

station transformer, startup/standby transformer)
In the DGT801 Series Protections, the voltage block overcurrent protection module can implement the two
functions: undervoltage overcurrent protection and composite-voltage overcurrent protection. These two
protections can be set up to have the current memory function.
The generator voltage block overcurrent protection can serve mainly as the backup protection for the
generator interphase short-circuits. As the generator is self-excited, the overcurrent element should have the
current memory function.
The transformer voltage block overcurrent protection can serve mainly as the back up protection for the
transformer interphase faults. For the two-winding transformers, the protection is usually installed at the HV
side; for the 3-wingding transformers the protection can be installed at each side separately.
5.19.1 Undervoltage overcurrent protection
5.19.1.1 Composition principles and logic diagram
The input variables of the generator undervoltage overcurrent protection are the generator terminal TV
secondary interphase voltages ( U AB 、 U BC 、 U CA ) and the generator TA secondary 3-phase currents ( I A 、
I B 、 I C ).
As the voltage is taken from the connection side of the transformer, the input variables of the
transformer undervoltage overcurrent protection are the secondary 3-phase voltage (UA、UB、UC) and the
secondary 3-phase current.
As the voltage is taken from the △ -connection side of the transformer, the input variables of the protection
are the secondary interphase voltages( UAB、UBC、UCA） and the secondary 3-phase current.
The operating equation is
Ia (b、c ) ＞ I g

 （5-19-1)

Uab ( bc 、ca )＜ U l
As the current memory function in provided, the Logic diagram for the protection is shown in Fig. 5-19-1.
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U ab ＜ Ul
U bc＜ Ul + Signal
t1 Tripping
U ca＜ U l
& Signal
t2 Tripping
Ia ＞ I g
Ib ＞ Ig + 0
t0
Ic ＞ Ig
Fig. 5-19-1 Logic diagram for the undervoltage overcurrent protection
5-19.1.2 List of settings and setting suggestions
Table 5-19-1 List of the settings for the undervoltage overcurrent protection
Name Overcurrent Undervoltage Operating time delay Current
setting setting memory time
delay
Symbol Ig Ul t11 t12 t0
Setting 0.1~35 1~100 0.1~100 0.1~100 0.1~100
range
Unit A V S S S
The list of the settings for the undervoltage overcurrent protection is listed in Table 5-19-1.
1) Overcurrent setting Ig
The operating current Ig should be set to be able to escape from the rated current of the generator (or
transformer) in the normal operation, i.e.,
K rel I e
Ig 
0.95
Where, K rel - Reliability coefficient
Ie - Generator (or transformer) rated current (TA secondary value)
2) Undervoltage setting Ul
The undervoltage setting U l is set to be able to escape from the possible lowest voltage of the generator
(or transformer) in the normal operation. Besides, for the generator undervoltage overcurrent protection, the
operating voltage at the time of the forced excitation should be considered. Usually,
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U l =（0.7～0.75） U e （ U e -Generator secondary value)
3) Operating time delay t11 and t12
The operating time delays t11 and t12 of the protection should be set to be coordinated with the operating time
of the backup of the protection for the adjacent element.
4) Current memory time t0
t0 should b be slightly longer than the time delay t12.
5.19.2 composite-voltage overcurrent protection
5.19.2.1 Composition principle and Logic diagram
The input variables of the protection are similar to the undervoltage overcurrent protection and the operating
mode is shown in the equation 5-19-2:
The Logic diagram for the protection is shown in Fig. 5-19-2
 Ia(b、
c ) ＞Ig
 （5-19-2）
Uca ＜ U l
U ＞U 2g
 2
Uca < Ul
+ Signal
U2 > U2g
t1 Tripping
& Signal
t2
Tripping
I a ＞ Ig
Ib ＞ Ig + 0
t0
I c ＞I g
Fig. 5-19-2 Logic diagram for the composite-voltage overcurrent protection
5.19.2.2 List settings and setting suggestions
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Table 5-19-2 List of the settings for the composite-voltage block protection
Negative-sequence
Name Overcurrent Undervoltage Operating time delay
voltage
Symbol Ig Ul U 2g t1 t2
Setting range 0.1~35 1~100 0.1~50 0.1~100 0.1~100
Unit A V V S S
The list of the settings for the composite voltage block overcurrent protection is listed in Table 5-19-2.
Excluding the negative-sequence operating voltage U2g the setting principles and setting suggestions are
similar to those for the undervoltage overcurrent protection.
The setting principles for the U2g are that it should be set to be able to secape from the generator terminal (or
transformer) maximum negative-sequence voltage. Usually, U2g is set to be 8% ~ 10% of the generator (or
transformer) rated voltage.
5.20 Impedance protection (including generator, transformer)

The generator-transformer low-impedance protection can serve mainly as the backup protection for the
generator and transformer interphase short-circuit and sometimes can be also used currently as the backup
protection for the interphase short-circuits of the adjacent equipment (busbar, line, etc..)
5.20.1 Composition principles
This protection is composed principally of the three interphase impedance element. The connection voltage
and current for the impedance elements can be taken either from the generator terminal TV and TA
secondary voltage or current or from the TV and TA secondary voltage or current at the HV side or MV side
of the main transformer.
The operating performance in the impedance composite plant of the low-impedance protection provided by
the DGT 801 Series Protection is a directional impedance circle with the maximum sensitive angle (φ lm ) of
85° as shown in Fig. 5-20-1. As the measured impedance lies in the circle, the impedance protection will
operate.
jx
ZF
Operating
area
0
lm=85
0
R
ZB
Fig. 5-20-1 Operating performance of the impedance element
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In the Fig., ZF, ZB - Impedance protection settings, see Table 5-20.
It can be seen from Fig. 5-20-1 that the different settings for ZF and ZB will obtain the different impedance
circles, As ZF = ZB, the impedance circle is an all-impedance circle; as ZF = 0 or ZB =0, the impedance circle
is one that crosses the origin of the coordinates; as Z B ≠ ZF ≠ 0, the impedance circle is one that is deviated
at a certain degree.
To enhance the operating reliability of the impedance protection, the TV wire break block criteria. Besides,
the overcurrent and negative-sequence starting elements provided. The impedance protection is provided at
maximum with two zones and four time delays. The Logic diagram for the composition of the usual protection
with the one-zone setting and 2-time delay is shown in Fig. 5.20-2.
TV wire Signal
Zab < Zl break
t1 Tripping
Zbc < Zl + & Signal
t2 Tripping
Zbc < Zl
Ia > Ig
I b > Ig + +
I c > Ig
I2 > I2g
Fig. 5.20-2 Logic diagram for the lower impedance protection
In Fig. 5-20-2,
Zab, Zbc, Zca- 3 measured interphase impedance respectively, their values are equal respectively to
Z ab  U ab Iab
Zbc  U bc Ibc
Zca  U ca Ica
Ia,Ib, Ic, I2 – 3 phase currents and negative-sequence current
Ig, I2g – Impedance protection settings, see Table 5-20
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Table 5-20 List of the settings for the impedance protection

Negative-
Forward Reverse Overcurrent Zone I Zone II
Name sequence
impedance impedance time delay time delay
current
Symbol ZF ZB Ig I 2g t1 t2
Setting
0~100 0~100 0.1~500 0.1~20 0.1~100 0.1~100
range
Unit   A A S S
The List of the setting for the impedance protection with 1-zone impedance setting and 2-zone operating time
delays is listed in Table 5-27
1) Setting of the forward impedance ZF and the reverse impedance ZB
In the case of the impedance protection for the generator-transformer unit, as the input voltage and current of
the impedance protection are taken from the generator terminal, the impedance circle should be set to be the
directional impedance circle with a certain deviated degree. At this time,
Z F = ZT (Z T – Transformer secondary impedance)
ZB ≈ (3~4) ZT
As the input voltage and current of the impedance protection are taken from the HV side of the main
transformer, the impedance circle should be set to be origin-crossed downward circle. At this time,
ZF ≈0
ZB = (4~5) ZT
2) Operating tie delay t1 and t2
The operating time delay of the impedance protection should be longer than that of the distance protection
zone I for the adjacent lines and shorter than that of the distance zone II for the opposite side of the adjacent
line. Considering the effects of the system swing, it is reasonable that t 1 is set to be 1.5s and t2 is set to be
2s.
3) Overcurrent operating value Ig
Ig is set to be able to escape from the maximum load current of the generator or transformer.
Ig = (1.1 ~ 1.15)Ie (Ie – Generator or transformer rated current)
4) Negative-sequence current operating value I2g
I2g is set to be able to escape from the maximum unbalance current in the normal operation.
I2g = (0.1 ~0.2)Ie
The setting of the impedance protection for the step-down transformer and interconnection transformers
should be done in reference to the related regulations.
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5.21 Transformer gap zero-sequence protection

The transformer gap zero-sequence protection is used to protect the transformer neutral insulation. The
protection will be switched on in the transformer neutral unground operation.
The protection will reflect the magnitudes of the neutral gap zero-sequence current and the busbar TV
open-△ voltage at the side of the large current system. As the gap current or the busbar open-△ voltage at
the side of the transformer system is larger than the settings the protection will operate after a time delay to
clear the transformer.
The operating operation of the protection is
3I 0 jx＞ 3I 0 jxg


 （5-21-1）
3U 0 ＞ 3U 0 g

Where,
3I0jx - Computed gap zero-sequence current
3U0 - Computed busbar TV open-△ voltage at the side of the large current system
3I0jxg, 3U0g - Setting for the gap zero-sequence protection, see Table 5-21.
The connection current of the protection is the gap zero-sequence TA secondary current and the connection
voltage is the system busbar TV secondary open-△ voltage. As the transformer neutral is not grounded, the
protection will be automatically put into operation. Its Logic diagram is shown in Fig. 5-21.1.
3I0jx>3I0jxg
Signal
+
3U0>3U0g & t
Tripping
Fig. 5-21-1 Logic diagram for the transformer gap protection
In Fig. 5-21-1, K – Auxiliary contact of the ground knife switch at the transformer neutral, which will be closed
as the ground knife switch is open.
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Table 5-21 List of the Settings for the Gap Zero-sequence Protection
Zero-sequence Zero-sequence Operating time
Name
voltage current delay
Symbol 3U 0 g 3I 0 jxg t
Setting
1~200 0.1~50 0.1~100
range
Unit V A S
The list of the settings fr the transformer gap zero-sequence protection is listed in Table 5-21.
1) Setting of the zero-sequence voltage 3U0g
Usually,
3U0g = (150 ~180)V
2) Setting of the gap zero-sequence current 3I0jxg
3I0jxg -100/nT A
Where,
nT – Ratio of the gap zero-sequence TA
3) Operating time delay t = (0.3 ~0.5)s
As the TA for the gap zero-sequence protection is separately installed at the gap ground side and is
independent of the zero-sequence overcurrent protection, the auxiliary contact of the knife switch in Fig.
5-21-1 may not be introduced and the corresponding ―AND‖ may be unnecessary.
Since the setting for the gap current is very small, the ratio of the TA for the gap current should not be two
large so as to improve the operating conditions of the protection. So it is not appropriate to share TA with the
zero-sequence overcurrent protection.
5.22 Transformer zero-sequence current protection (including main transformer,

station transformer, start-up/standby transformer)
The protection connection current can be the transformer neutral TA secondary current or the outgoing
terminal TA secondary zero-sequence current or can be self-produced by the TA secondary 3-phase current.
As the zero-sequence current is larger than the setting, the protection will operate after a time delay to send
signals and have the outputs. The zero-sequence current protection can be at maximum provided with the
two zones and four time delays, which can be selected via the download.
The Logic diagram for the 2-zone transformer zero-sequence current protection is shown in Fig. 5-22-1.
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Signal
3I0 > 3I0g1 t11 Tripping

Signal
t12 Tripping
Signal
3I0 > 3I0g2 t21 Tripping
Signal
t22
Tripping
Fig. 5-22-1 Logic diagram for the transformer zero-sequence overcurrent protection
In the Figure,
3I0gl, 3I0g2, t11, t12, t21, t22 - Protection settings, see Table 5-22 List of the settings for the protection
Table 5-22 List of the Settings for the Transformer Zero-sequence Current Protection
Zero-sequence zone I Zero-sequence zone II
Name Operating Operating Operating Operating Operating Operating
current time delay 1 time delay 2 current time delay 3 time delay 4
Symbol 3I 0 g 1 t11 t12 3I 0 g 2 t 21 t 22
Setting
0.1~80 0.1~100 0.1~100 0.1~80 0.1~100 0.1~100
range
Unit A S S A S S
The list of the settings for the 2-zone transformer zero-sequence current protection is listed in Table 5-22.
1) Setting of the zero-sequence zone I
The operating current 3I0gl should be set based on the zero-sequence current fed by the transformer for the
ground fault occurred at the initial end of the adjacent lines and should be also considered to be coordinated
with the setting for the earth fault protection zone I for the adjacent line.
The operating time delay t11 should be set to be coordinated with the longest operating time delay for the
earth fault protection zone I for the adjacent line, i.e.,
t11 = t’1 + △ t
Where,
t’1 – Longest operating time among the various earth fault protection zones I for the adjacent line.
△ t – Time step difference, it is set to be 0.3 ~ 0.5s
Operating time delay t12 = t1 +△ t
Besides, it is required that t12 be not longer than 2s.

90
·Functions·
2) Setting of the zero-sequence zone II
The operating current 3I0g2 of the zero-sequence ovecurrent zone II should be set based on the
zero-sequence current fed by the transformer for the ground fault occurred on the lower-level line of the
adjacent line and should be coordinated with the backup zone of the earth fault protection for the adjacent
lines.
The operating time delay t21 should be coordinated with operating time delay for the earth fault protection
zone II for the adjacent line. T 21 – t’2+ △ t,
Where,
t’2 – Operating time delay for the earth fault protection zone II for the adjacent line.
5.23 Transformer zero-sequence directional overcurrent Protection

The transformer zero-sequence directional overcurrent protection is mainly used as the backup protection for
the ground fault occurred at the 3-winding transformer of the large current system at both sides and the
auto-transformer and is cocurrently used as the backup protection for the ground short-circuit occurred on
the adjacent line.
The zero-sequence power directional criteria and the zero-sequence overcurrent criteria commonly compose
the zero-sequence directional overcurrent protection The zero-sequence voltage and zero-sequence current
of the protection can be taken from the outgoing TA secondary 3-phase zero-sequence current (3I0) or the
transformer neutral zero-sequence current and the same side busbar TV secondary open-△ voltage 3U0 and
can be also self-produced by the protection( i.e., input the TA secondary 3-phase current and the same side
busbar TV secondary 3-phase voltage, the software is used to compute 3I0 and 3U0).
The operating equation of the protection is
3P0＞0
 （5-23-1）
3I 0 ＞ 3I 0 g
In the equation (5-23-1),
3P0 、 3I 0 -- Computed zero-sequence power and zero-sequence current
3P0  3U 0  3I 0 cos( 0   )
3U 0 ,  0 -- Zero-sequence voltage and its angle with the zero-sequence current
 -- Computed zero-sequence power inner angle
3I 0 g -- Operating setting for the zero-sequence overcurrent protection
91
·Functions·
Usually, the transformer zero-sequence directional overcurrent protection can be at maximum provided with
the two zones and four time delays. The Logic diagram for the protection is shown in Fig. 5-23-1.
Signal
t11 Tripping
3P 0 ＞ 0
& Signal
t12 Tripping
3I 0 ＞ 3I 0g1
Signal
t21 Tripping
3I 0 ＞ 3I 0g2 & Signal

t22 Tripping
Fig. 5-23-1 Logic diagram for the 2-zone zero-sequence directional overcurrent protection
In Figure5-23-1,
3I 0 g1 、3I 0 g 2 、t11 、t12 、t 21 、t 22 -- Settings for the zero-sequence directional overcurrent protection, see Table
5-23
5.23.3 List of settings and setting principles
Table 5-23 List of the settings for the zero-sequence overcurrent protection
Overcurrent zone I Overcurrent zone I
Zero-sequence
Name Operating Time Time Operating Time Time
power inner angle
current delay1 delay 2 current delay1 delay 2
Symbol  3I 0 g 1 t11 t12 3I 0 g 2 t 21 t 22
Setting 0 0
-180 ~+180 0.1~50 0.1~100 0.1~100 0.1~50 0.1~100 0.1~100
range
Unit Degree A S S A S S
The list or the settings for the zero-sequence directional overcurrent protection is listed in Table 5.23.
1) Setting of the zero-sequence power inner angle α
The zero-sequence power inner angle α is usually set to be 120°. As the polarities of the input
zero-sequence current and voltage are not consistent with the requirements, the value of α can be varied to
change the computed 3P0.
For the main transformer of a power plant, the operation of the zero-sequence power should be usually
directed at the adjacent busbar to serve as the backup protection for the adjacent busbar and line. And for
the step-down transformer, as the primary power supply is located at the HV side, the operation of the
zero-sequence power directional element should be directed at the main transformer to serve as the backup
protection for the ground faults of the main transformer and MV side busbar. The operation of the MV side
zero-sequence power element should be directed at the MV side busbar to serve as the backup protection
for the ground faults on the MV side busbar and the adjacent line.
92
·Functions·
2) Setting of the zone I, zone II zero-sequence operating currents 3I0gl and 3I0g2
As the operation of the zero-sequence power element is directed t the busbar at this side, the setting
principles are similar to the transformer zero-sequence current protection. And as the operation is directed at
the main transformer, the zero-sequence zone I is set based on the sensitivity for the ground faults
occurred on the busbar at the MV side. The zero-sequence zone II should be set to be coordinated with the
MV side line earth fault protection.
5.24 Dual-branch voltage controlled overcurrent protection (including the HV station

transformer and the startup/standby transformer)
The HV station transformer or the startup/standby transformer dual-branch voltage block overcurrent
protection serves mainly as the backup protection for the HV station transformer with the two windings of the
LV side or the startup/standby transformers.
The protection connection current is the transformer HV side TA secondary 3-phase current and the
connection voltage is the LV side dual-branch TV secondary 3-phase voltage. The operating equation of the
protection is
 I a I b、I c   I g

U ab U bc、U ca   U l (5  24  1)
 U 2  U 2g

Where,
I a 、 I b 、 I c – Transformer HV side TA secondary 3-phase current
U ab 、 U bc 、 U ca -- Transformer LV side branch 1 or branch 2 TV secondary 3-phase voltages
U 2 -- Computed transformer LV side branch 1 or branch 2 negative-sequence voltages
I g 、 U l 、 U 2 g -- Protection settings, see Table 5-24
List of the settings for the dual-branch voltage controlled overcurrent protection
There are two types of the HV station transformer or startup/standby transformer dual-branch voltage block
overcurrent protection: one is the LV overcurrent protection, see Fig.5.24-1; The other one is the
composite-voltage overcurrent protection, see Fig. 5-24-2.
93
·Functions·
UabI ＜ Ul
UbcI ＜ Ul +
UcaI ＜ U l Signal
+ t1 Tripping
UabII＜ Ul
& Signal
t2 Tripping
UbcII＜ Ul +
UcaII ＜ U l
Ia ＞ I g
Ib ＞ Ig +
Ic ＞ Ig
Fig.5-24-1 Logic diagram for the dual-branch LV overcurrent protection
I a＞ Ig
I b ＞I g +
Ic ＞ I g Signal
t1 Tripping
Uca1 ＜ U l
&
+
Signal
U 2 1 ＞U2g t2 Tripping
+
U ca2＜ U l
U22 ＞ U2g
+
Fig. 5-24-2 Logic diagram for the dual-branch composite voltage overcurrent protection
5-24.3 List of settings and setting suggestions
94
·Functions·
Table 5-24 List of the settings for the dual-branch voltage block overcurrent protection
LV Operating time
Overcurrent Negative-sequence delay
Name operating
operating value voltage operating value
value Zone I Zone II
Symbol Ig Ul U 2g t1 t2
Setting range 1~50 0.1~100 0.1~100 0.1~100 0.1~100
Unit A V V S S
The list of the settings for the HV starting transformer (or startup/standby transformer) dual-branch voltage
block overcurrent protection is list in Table 5-24.
1) Overcurrent operating value Ig
Ig is set to be able to escape from the transformer rated current.
Ig = (1.2 ~1.3)Ie
Where,
Ie – Transformer rated current
2) LV operating value Ul
Ul is set to be able to escape from the lowest voltage on all the busbar sections as the station large-sized
motor (e.g., feed water pump) is self-started.
U1 – (0.5 ~0.6)Ue
Where,
Ue – Transformer LV busbar rated voltage (secondary value)
3) Negative-sequence voltage operating value U2g
U2g is set to be able to escape from the maximum imbalance negative-sequence voltage. It is usually set to
be 8% ~ 10% of the rated voltage, i.e.,
U2g = (8~10)% Ue
4) Operating time delays t1 and t2
The zone I time delay t1 for the HV station transformer or the startup/standby transformer voltage block
overcurrent protection should be set to be coordinated with the operating time of the branch overcurrent
protection, i.e.,
t1=tfzmax + △ t
Where,
tfzmax – Longest operating time of the branch overcurrent protection
95
·Functions·
△ t – Time step difference, it can be set to be (0.3~0.5)s
Zone II operating time t2 = t1 + △ t
5.25 Voltage balance TV wire break discrimination
The voltage balance TV wire break can be used for the TV wire break discrimination for the TV primary wire
break in the zero-sequence voltage stator interturn protection and stator earth fault protection. It is composed
based on the principle of comparing the magnitudes of the generator terminal two sets of the TV similar
named interphase voltages and their phase relationship. The connection voltage of the protection is the
secondary 3-phase voltage of the two sets of TVs.
The Logic diagram for the voltage balance TV wire break discrimination is shown in Fig. 5-25-1.
△Uab > △U To block the interrurn

fault protection
△Ubc > △U + & 10

0 Longitudinal TV
wire break
△Uca > △U
To block the protection
with transverse TV
Transverse TV
U2 > U2g
& 10
0 Transverse TV
wire break
Fig. 5-25-1 Logic diagram for the voltage balance TV wire break discrimination
In Fig5-25-1,
U ab 、 Ubc 、 U ca - Similar named interphase voltage difference of the TVs respectively
U g 、 U 2 g - Voltage difference setting, negative-sequence voltage setting
It can be seen from Fig. 5-25-1 that as the voltage difference U ab or Ubc or U ca is larger than the
setting and no negative-sequence voltage exist on the secondary of the common TV, the protection will
discriminate the case as the common TV wire break to block the protections, i.e., stator earth fault protection,
etc. using the common TVs.
96
·Functions·
Table5-25 List of the Settings for the Voltage Balance TV Wire Break Discrimination
Name Voltage differential setting Negative-sequence voltage setting

Symbol U U 2g
Setting range 0.1~100 1~30
Unit V V
1) Voltage difference setting △ U
△ U should be set to be able to escape from the maximum voltage difference between the two sets or TVs
under the normal conditions; besides, during the transient process of the special TV primary fuse burnt out or
flutters, the protection should be able to operate reliably to block the interturn protection. Thus, it is
reasonable that
△ U = 10V
2) Negative-sequence voltage setting U2g
U2g is set to be able to escape from the maximum negative-sequence voltage of the common TV occurred in
the normal operation. It can be set to be 5V ~ 6V (phase voltage, line-line negative-sequence voltage is 8.66
~10V).
5.26 Binary protection

For the digital protection, the binary protection is also usually called the switching-in quantity protection or the
switching quantity protection. This type of protections mainly includes: all types of the transformer gas
protection, pressure protection, temperature protection, cooler all-stop protection and the generator
water-interrupt protection and the thermotechnical protection, etc..
5.26.1 Composition principle and logic diagram
The composition principle for the binary protection can be divided into types: one is the protection that
directly drives the switching quantities to directly trip the output of the relay and is simply called the direct-trip
non-electric quantity protection, such as the heavy gas, pressure release, etc.; the other is the protection that
the protection CPU is used to discriminate the status of the binary contact, then the other criteria is used for
discrimination or after the time delay of the software, the protection CPU is made to drive the output relay to
trip. This type of protection is simply called the software-trip binary protection, e.g., cooler all-stop, water
interrupt and thermotechnical protections, etc..
The Logic diagram for the direct-trip binary protection is shown in Fig. 5-25-1. The binary K1, drives the
intermediate conversion relay ZK1 whose one pair or the contacts (ZK1-A) is connected to the direct-trip
relay of the start switching quantity protection; The another pair of the contacts of ZK1 (ZK1-B) is used to
make the event recording, signal output and upward communication transmission.
97
·Functions·
220V+ 220V-
ZK 1
K1
ZK1-A
To start direct-tripping
binary protection
ZK1-B
read by CPU Signal
Fig. 5-26-1 Logic diagram for the direct-trip binary protection
The Logic diagram for the software-trip binary protection is shown in Fig. 5-26-2. The binary K1 drives the
intermediate conversion relay ZK1, whose contact (ZK1-A) will be read in by the protection CPU. As required
by the configuration, the protection CPU may be used to output after a delay or output after a time delay in
association with the other criteria or only signal.
220V+ 220V-
ZK1
K1
Signal
ZK1 -A
Read by CPU t Tripping
Fig. 5-26-2 Logic diagram for the software-trip binary protection
5.26.2 Transformer cooler all-stop protection
In the DGT801 Series Protections, the different logic and time delay cooler all-stop protection can be
provided as required by users. The logic circuit for the cooler all-stop protection as shown in Fig.5-26-3 is
recommended.
Signal
K1 Signal
& t2 Tripping
LP Signal
K2
& t1 Tripping
Fig. 5.26-3 Logic diagram for the cooler all-stop protection
In Fig. 5.26-3,
- Transformer cooler all-stop contact
98
·Functions·
- Switching-in plate for the cooler all-stop protection (will be switched on as the switches at all the sides of
the transformer are closed)
- Transformer temperature delay contact
- As the transformer is put into operation, (has been loaded), it is up to operates to switch on the plate LP.
During operation. If the cooler all-stop fault occurs, the signal ―Cooler all-stop‖ will be sent out at once, the
protection will operate after a long time delay t2 to signal and output. If the temperature of the main
transformer is very high after the cooler all-stop occurs, the temperature contact K2 will be closed and the
protection will operate after a short time delay t1 to signal and output. The setting of the time delays t1
and t2 should be made as required in the manual of the transformer manufacture. Usually,
t2 = 20 ~ 30min, t1 = 3 ~ 5min
Users should provided the types (N.O or N.C contacts) and nature(for the purpose of starting the protection
or blocking the protection) of the introduced switching quantities. If no specific requirements are provided, the
following principles are considered to be tacitly approved: as the switching quantities are open, the output
conditions for the protection are not satisfied (protection will not operate).
99

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DGT 801 SERIES

GUODIAN NANJING AUTOMATION CO.，LTD.

Guodian Nanjing Automation Co.，Ltd.

VERSION REVISION DATE COMMENT

* For more information, please visit our web：http://www.sac-china.com

1.1 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE DGT 801 SERIES P ROTECTIONS ........................................ 1

2.8 F RIENDLY AND FULLY TRANSPARENT MMI ............................................................................ 9

3 TECHNICAL DATA ...................................................................................................... 14

3.3 RATED ELECTRIC PARAMETERS ........................................................................................... 14

4 PRINCIPAL TECHNICAL DATA OF THE PROTECTIONS ............................................ 16

4.1 G ENERATOR LONGITUDINAL DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION .................................................... 16

4.4 G ENERATOR HIGH - SENSITIVE TRANSVERSAL DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION .......................... 17

5.1 G ENERATOR LONGITUDINAL DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION .................................................... 23

5.11 G ENERATOR ABNORMAL FREQUENCY PROTECTION .......................................................... 61

1.1 A brief introduction to the DGT 801 Series Protections

1.2 Application scope

1.2.1 Application scope of the DGT 801C Protection

1.2.2 Application scope of the DGT 801A Protection.

1.2.3 Application scope of the DGT 801B Protection

1.3 Protection functions

◆ Generator stator short-circuit main protection

Generator rotor one-point earth fault protection

Main transformer voltage controlled directional over-current protection

Generator electric super-speed protection

HF cut-off power protection

Table 1-1 A brief introduction to the DGT801 Series Protections

Type of protection DGT801A DGT801B DGT801C DGT801F DGT801E DGT801D

Operating mode Touch Touch Touch Touch key-press key-press

Cubicle dimensions 10U 12U 6U 6U 6U 6U

2.1 Hardware structure of the duplicate-supply and dual-CPU system

Protection CPU1 System Power Supply 1

Protection CPU2 System Power Supply 2

2.2 High-performance hardware platform

2.3 Unique dual-CPU parallel processing technique

b) Output mode as the protection CPU2 is in the abnormal state

c) Output mode as the protection CPU1 is in the abnormal state

Fig. 2-2 Unique dual-CPU parallel processing output mode

2.4 Unique dual-circuit DC power supply

1QF 2QF 3QF

Binary power Input

MMI CPU Protection CPU1 Protection CPU2

2.5 Perfect self-check and mutual-check function

2.6 Visual and explicit signal output indications

2.8 Friendly and fully transparent MMI

2.9 Powerful communication

2.10 Detailed recording

2.11 Strong anti-interference capability

2.12 Complete functions

2.13 Flexible and reliable protection configuration

2.14 Advance concepts and techniques

2.15 Advance software design technique

2.16 Performance of the generator differential protection and transformer differential

These two protections can be applied in the imcomplete differential protection.

The electric-restraint blocking mode can be realized.

2.18 Performance of the stator earth fault protection

2.19 Performance of the rotor earth fault protection

2.20 Performance of the loss-of-field protection

2.20.1 Impedance-base loss-of-field protection

2.20.2 New reverse-Var-based loss-of-field protection

2.21 Performance of the out-of-step protection

2.22 Flexibly configured types of the backup protections

3.1 Mechanical and working environmental parameters