1. What is Global Warming? 4. Summits 2. Causes of Global Warming 1. Earth Summit 1992 1. Factories and Industries 2. Kyoto Protocol 1997 2. Use of Fossil Fuels 3. Copenhagen Summit 2009 3. Use of Chemicals 4. Paris Summit 2015 4. Deforestation 5. Suggestions 5. Depletion of Ozone Layer 1. Reducing Fossil Fuel 3. Effects 2. Alternative Source of 1. Increase in Global Energy Temperature 3. Zero Carbon 2. Thawing Glaciers Technology 3. Rise in Sea Levels 4. Growing More Forests 4. Hurricane 5. Solar and Geothermal 5. Process of Decomposition Energy 6. Conclusion Global warming is the gradual warming of the lower layer of the Earth’s lower atmosphere. The factors that contribute in it are primarily carbon dioxide and to a lesser extent methane. The burning of fossil fuel like coal produces carbon dioxide as by product which is the chief contributor in global warming. It is a threat to the life of humans and animals. In order to gather all information about global warming, United Nations formed a group of scientists called the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The long terms effects of global warming is the change in the average temperature of the globe which is called climate change. There are some major causes that contribute in the global warming. The chief reason of the global warming is the dirt produced by the industries and factories. Factories need large amount of fuels like coal for power and electricity required by the machines to work. The burning of these fuels produce large amount of carbon dioxide that traps the radioactive rays and warms the atmosphere. The developing nations generate electricity from the coal which releases huge amount of carbon dioxide. The vehicles especially old vehicles also release carbon dioxide because of burning of fuels. Deforestation increases the amount of CO2 in air. The other gases that contribute in the global warming are methane released from landfills and agriculture, nitrous oxide from fertilizer, gases used for refrigeration, and industrial processes. Besides, the use of chemical fertilizers including nitrogen-rich fertilizers produce nitrogen oxide which has the higher capacity of trapping the heat. Its run off goes to the seas and oceans that creates “dead zones” in the oceans. Moreover, the hole producing in the ozone layer due to chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) is also the matter of concern related to global warming. The hole permits the ultra violate rays to reach the Earth easily and increase its average temperature. The scientific consensus on climate change is that human activity is very likely the cause for the rapid increase in global average temperatures over the past several decades. Now, the debate has largely shifted onto ways to reduce further human impact and to find ways to adapt to change that has already occurred. Otherwise, its severe effects will lead the world towards unlivable atmosphere. In case of failure, the global temperature will increase between 2 and 11.5 degrees Fahrenheit by the end of this century. Sea levels are projected to rise between 7 and 23 inches without the melting of Greenland and Antarctica by the end of the century. The increase in sea surface temperatures suggests an increase in hurricane strength in the North Atlantic. Higher air temperatures will also be felt in the soil, where warmer conditions are likely to speed the natural decomposition of organic matter and to increase the rates of other soil processes that affect fertility. To cope with these challenges, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development was held in 1992 known as Earth Summit 1992. 172 governments participated in it with 108 sending their head of state or government. The summit concluded with some points to be considered; the scrutiny of pattern of production of poisonous waste and toxic materials, the replacement of coal consuming power plants with environment friendly system, the system to reduce vehicle emission. The summit led to the formation of Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol is the protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) aimed at fighting global warming. It was initially adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan and entered into force on 16 February 2005. It is an international environmental treaty with the goal of achieving “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at the level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. In 2009, the United Nations Climate Change Conference took place in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was agreed in the conference that developed countries must make commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and developing countries must report their plans to curb greenhouse gas emissions to the UN by 31 January 2010. The poor nations must abandon their greenhouse emission sources and for that the poor nations had to get the compensation. The Paris summit took place to tackle the issue in 2015 but the implementation of the above discussed agreements need focus on priority basis. In order to tackle global warming, the use of fossil fuel must be reduced and for that; not building any new coal-burning power plants, initiating a phased shut down of coal plants starting with the oldest and dirtiest. As we know that tropical deforestation and emissions from agriculture represent nearly 30 percent of the world’s heat-trapping emissions, the forest degradation and deforestation must be avoided. Furthermore, for energy generation, the alternative must be used as it can be generated through wind, solar and nuclear power plants that are environment-friendly systems to generate required energy. A successful global compact on climate change must include financial assistance from richer countries to poorer countries to help make the transition to low carbon development pathways and to help adapt to the impacts of climate change. The transportation sector’s emission can be controlled by switching vehicles to low carbon fuels and replacing the old vehicles that emits large amount of CO2 as compared to new vehicles. There should be result-oriented research on whether solar energy could be used to run vehicles. The geothermal energy can also be used to generate electricity and rarely for cooking purposes too. In fact, global warming is a serious threat to the world but it can be reduced to the safe level if the guidelines given by UN agreements are implemented successfully. One can expect the world as safe haven only if international community acknowledge the danger of carbon emission and adopt the ways to reduce it.