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About this document
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Product
Table of Contents
Summary ........................................................................................................................... 57
This tutorial uses a data set that is copied to your computer when Minex is installed.
When the software has been installed, more detailed information is available in the Minex Help, which
you can open from the Help menu. You can also contact your local Gemcom support office for
training.
Overview
The borehole database is composed of 5 files which contain:
collar data
seam data
sample data
header data
seam sequence
ASCII files
AcQuire
ODBC
The load process involves mapping columns of information held in input files to the relevant variables
in the BoreholeDB and generating a format file (.sff) for use in subsequent load processes.
Requirements
Before proceeding with this tutorial, you will need
Objectives
After working through this tutorial you will be able to:
create data types and variables for each type of sample data
load and validate:
lithology sample data
quality sample data
geophysical log (.las) files
geophysical logging sample data
Document conventions
Typographical conventions
Some text in this guide has special formatting to help you identify it as part of a particular element of
information. The following table describes the different text formats and their meanings.
Text format Meaning
<Bold Italic> Text or data that varies with each input is shown in bold italic font and enclosed in angle
brackets. Some examples are installation directories, dates, names, and passwords.
When you substitute the text for the variable, do not include the brackets. For example:
<password> requires you to substitute a password in place of ‘<password>’.
Italics A word or phrase to which the author wants to give emphasis. For example: you must
select an item from the list to continue.
Bold This typeface indicates one of the following:
A file name, path, or URL.
Strongly emphasized text. For example, “It is very important to save the data […]”.
Text that a procedure has instructed you to type.
A menu option, tab, button, check box, list, option button, text box, or icon.
For example: Save the file as pit1.str.
Keyboard conventions
Key combination Meaning
<key>+<key> Press and hold the first key, then press the second key. For example: CTRL+Z
means press and hold the CTRL key, then press Z.
Menu conventions
When you click, or move the pointer over, some menu commands, a subordinate menu appears. To
indicate that you should select a command on a subordinate menu, this documentation uses a greater
than (>) sign to separate the main menu command from the subordinate menu command. For
example, File > Project > Project Manager means choose the File menu, move the mouse pointer
over the Project command, and then select Project Manager on the secondary menu.
Mouse conventions
Action Description
Click Press and release the left mouse button without moving the mouse.
Right-click Press and release the right mouse button without moving the mouse.
Double-click Rapidly click the left mouse button twice without moving the mouse.
Action Description
Drag <an object> With the mouse pointer over the object, press and hold the left mouse button to
select the object. Move the pointer until the object is in the position you want, and
then release the mouse button.
Rotate Use your finger to make the wheel button roll. Move it forward, that is in a clockwise
direction, or backward, that is in an anticlockwise direction.
Form elements
Forms can contain a variety of elements that enable users to carry out operations. Here is an example
form.
Tutorial data
When you install Minex and accept the default installation settings, the tutorial data is installed on
your machine. If you choose not to install the tutorial data sets when installing Minex, you can install
them separately.
6. Click Finish.
7. The project is set up and the Minex Explorer displays the Ashes folder and subfolders.
Tip: In the Minex Explorer you can select the top level folder, which is Ashes for this project, look at the
Properties pane, and see the full path of the project. This is useful if you forget, or want to verify,
where the data is.
The data for this tutorial is located approximately at the following coordinates:
X: 257, 000
Y: 6,170,000
If Graphics is not open, Minex will use the local origin as soon as you plot data. You do not
need to restart Minex.
There are five hardwired Data Types automatically generated when you create a new BoreholeDB
(see table below).
You can add new Data Types (and Variables) to this selection to customise the database for your
dataset:
The maximum number of data types you can have in a borehole database is 16.
The maximum number of variables you can have in a borehole data base is 128. Eight of
these variables are hardwired and defined by the software.
As LITHO is a predefined Data Type that is built in already to the database, you will not have to create
a new one. You will have to set up a new variable however called ROCKTYPE. This is because
ROCKTYPE is not one of the built-in variables defined above.
The first (1st) variable in the LITHO data type should be the variable describing the primary
rocktype and must refer to dictionary index number 1.
The second (2nd) variable in the data type should be the variable INTERREL describing
interbedding and must refer to dictionary index number 2.
The variable INTERPER defining interbedding percentages should refer to dictionary index 99.
The database is now editable. You can now create the variables ready to load lithology data.
Notes:
When creating variables you will need to define if the data is numerical or alphabetical. Lithology data is
Alpha type data, as you will be able to tell by referring to the ROCKTYPE column in your LITHO.DAT file.
The LITHOLOG.DIC file is an index or dictionary file which Minex will look up to find definitions for the codes
defined in your ASHES_LITH.csv file. You can open the dictionary file with your text editor. For this tutorial,
in the LITHOLOG.DIC file, ROCKTYPE has an index of 1. This is the value used in the Dictionary Index
field. Now, when you try to report or display data for this variable the software will refer to the dictionary file
and use the ‘translations’ held in index 1.
2. Choose Number.
3. Click Ok.
The Borehole Variable report is generated in the Output Window. ROCKTYPE has been
appended to the list of built-in Minex Data Types.
Tip: To view the new variable, in the Minex Explorer Project Tab, expand the borehole database until you can
view the LITHO data type and its variables.
You have now created a new borehole variable called ROCKTYPE of the LITHO Data Type.
2. To add the INTERREL variable, fill in the form as shown and click Ok.
3. To add the INTERPER variable, fill in the form as shown and click Ok.
Right-click on the name of the database in the Minex Explorer, and select Save.
3. Click Create/Edit.
The Create/Edit format File form opens.
4. From the Data Type list, select LITHO.
5. If prompted, click Yes to change data types.
6. Click the Variable Setup tab, and check the mapping of input file variables to Minex variables,
as shown below.
For more information on mapping input variables, refer to the Creating a New Borehole
Database tutorial.
Note that the Include check box is cleared for those variables that aren’t needed.
7. Click Ok.
Minex prompts you to save the format file under the default name LITHOLOGY.sff.
By default Minex uses the file prefix of the input data file and the suffix .sff. For subsequent
loads of this input file, Minex checks for an .sff with a matching name as prompt you to use the
.sff file, you do not need to select a file.
8. Click Save.
Typically, you would validate data by selecting Validate on the Load Sample Data form, and
then attempt to fix any errors before loading the file. For this tutorial, you will load the data
without making any corrections.
9. On the Load Sample Data form, select the Load option, and click Ok.
A Sample Load Report is generated in the Output Window, listing the boreholes that have
been updated and any errors that have occurred.
Load collar data for Boreholes listed as No collar data found: it is possible that the
collar or the lithology file spelled the names of the Boreholes differently, or that the
boreholes were not part of the Collar Input file.
Note: Where no collar data is found for a borehole, the sample data cannot be loaded and is
rejected during the load process.
Check the final depth information in the collar file and the lithology file to determine which
was correct.
Note: Where the final depth of the sample data is deeper than the final depth of the Borehole as
defined in the collar data, the sample data is loaded rather than rejected.
You have now loaded the rock type information for the boreholes into the ROCKTYPE variable.
Any other sample data held in ASCII, AcQuire, or ODBC can be loaded using the process
above.
The coal quality sampling data file ASHES_QUAL.csv has already been formatted so that it will load
into the borehole database. Before you can load this file you need to define the variables that it
contains.
The Borehole Sample Data Summary Report is generated in the Output Window.
1. Select the Detailed Report option on the Report Sample Data form.
2. Click Ok.
As you learned in loading coal quality and geological logging sample data, you first need to define the
Datatype and Numeric borehole database variables for a data type. The geophysical logging variables
will need to be defined for a new data type called for example GEOPHY. The variables to be loaded
from the BNBY83DEN.LAS file are shown in the header of the file:
3. To add the CAL variable, fill in the form as shown, and click Ok.
4. To add the DENLS variable, fill in the form as shown, and click Ok.
5. To add the DENSS variable, fill in the form as shown, and click Ok.
6. To add the DENCDL variable, fill in the form as shown, and click Ok.
7. To add the RES variable, fill in the form as shown, and click Ok.
6. Select the Do not load any data above the Borehole collar and Do not load any data below
final depth of Borehole check boxes.
7. In the Borehole Definition section, select the BHDB Variables that match the LAS Variables,
and select the Import Variable checkbox for each variable.
8. Click Ok.
9. Click Yes to load the LAS data.
Another way of loading downhole geophysical data is via an ASCII file or Access DB source.
Note: The number in the Scale column controls the amplitude of the trace:
If you have defined a data range when you created the Variable in the Database, Minex uses that
range to calculate a Scale to plot a Histogram trace that is 1cm wide.
If you have not defined a data range for the Variable, Minex uses Scale = 100 and you may need to
increase or decrease the Scale to get the Histogram trace you want.
7. Click Ok.
Minex will prompt you to save the format file under the default name
GEOPHYSICAL_LOGS.sff.
8. Click Save.
Minex returns to the Load Sample Data form.
9. Clear the Report missing intervals check box, and click Ok.
Notes: This form is slightly different to the Borehole Profile Plot form:
On the Function tab, you use the Minimum and Maximum offset fields to define a
distance. Boreholes that fall inside that distance on either side of the trace of the section
mount will be plotted on the Section mount. A minimum offset distance of 10 means that
Boreholes whose collar location is 10m or feet either side of the section mount will be
plotted. The maximum value deals with boreholes that have verticality data loaded to the
SURVEY datatype. If a maximum of 10m is used, only that part of the borehole that falls
within 10m of the trace of the section line will be plotted. If you want to see the entire trace
of the borehole, you need to use a higher number.
The Sheet Params tab read-only. Because you are working on a section mount, the sheet
size and orientation, and the scale are those of the section mount you have in memory.
4. Fill in the Trace tab as shown to plot lithology fill in the borehole trace.
5. Fill in the Annotation & Lithology tab as shown to annotate rocktype names next to the
borehole.
6. Fill in the Histogram tab as shown to plot a histogram trace of Gamma data next to each
borehole.
7. Click Ok.
The Section – Coordinate Grid form opens. You can use this form to plot a grid of eastings,
northings, and elevations on the section mount
Summary
Congratulations on completing this tutorial. You should now understand how to load data into the
Minex borehole database. You have learnt a number of concepts and topics including:
how to create data types and variables for each type of sample data
how to load and validate:
lithology sample data
quality sample data
geophysical log (.las) files
geophysical logging sample data