Training report

K.D.M.A.D.SAMARADIWAKARA

Mechanical Engineer Locomotive Hydraulic

Chief Mechanical Engineering Sub department

&

U.D. PADUKKA

Locomotive Foreman

Motive Power Sub Department

Sri Lanka Railway

Name of training: Information and Auto control

Country: China

Organizer: China Railway Signal and Communication Shanghai Engineering Co.ltd.

Coordinator: Mrs. Zhou Chungui (Chief Engineer CRSC)

Period: May 11 to July 05 of 2010

Introduction

China

Area: China has 9.6 million square km and third largest country next to Russia and
Canada.

Population: Population in China is 1.30756 billion at the end of 2005 and it includes
51.5% male, 48.5% female.

Government: Capital of People’s Republic of China is Beijing. It has 23 province,

4centrally governed municipalities and 2 special administrative regions (Hong Kong and
Macao).
 Shanghai

Shanghai is the commercial city of China. Most industrials are going on in

Shanghai.

Area of Shanghai is 6340.5 km2 and population is nearly 18 million in

2005.Shanghai has a transportation net work to other cities as well as international
cities. Those are Railway, Expressway, Sea port and air port. In addition it has
metro line net work for city passenger transportation.

Transportation

China has 78,000 km railway including 24,000 km electrified railway at end of

2006. It will be increased up to 100,000 km in 2020.

In 1997 the speed of train was 120 km/h and now it is increased to 250 km/h. The
new high speed lines are in under construction and speed will become 350 km/h
after construction.

Every city is linked by 45,000 km express ways now. China will have 24,000 km
more additional express lines in 2020.

China has major 08 sea port and 142 air ports to transportation.
 Traffic Engineering

Transportation modes: Most of countries are using many transportation modes

and all of them can be categorized by road, rail, air and pipe line.

Urban people use automobile, bus, rail and taxi for their transportation and
intercity people use air, rail, bus, water and automobile for their transportation.

Considering the transportation we have to pay attention for five factors. Those are
speed, comfort, convenience, economy and environmental compatibility. Without
the facts we can do transportation system but it is not perfect or not successful.
Peoples are looking for speed and comfortable. For business convenience and
economy are more important. Environmental compatibility is useful for sustainable
transport.

TSM – Transportation system management

TDM – Travel demand management

 Transportation Demand Management
(TDM)
• Reducing Demand

▫ Telecommuting
▫ Trip Chaining
▫ Shorter Work Week
▫ Residential Relocation
▫ Alternative Land Use Pattern

• Shifting Demand

▫ Flexible Working Hours

▫ Staggered Working Hours
▫ Business Operating Hours

• Repacking Demand

▫ Car Pooling and Van Pooling

▫ Transit

Transportation System Management (TSM)

• Facility Design

▫ Add Lanes
▫ Remove Bottlenecks (Bridges, Tunnel,…)
▫ Revise Geometrics to Increase Speed
▫ Vehicle Improvement to Reduce Headways

• Traffic Control

▫ Ramp metering
▫ Signal Coordination
▫ Signal Phase Sequence
▫ Left Turn Treatments
▫ Parking Restrictions
 High speed railways

①1964，The first high speed train in service with the speed 210 km/h
②1972，France TGV tested at speed 317 km/h
③1981，TGV started operation in service with speed 260 km/h
④1985，Germany started to test with the speed 345 km/h
⑤1986，Belgium, Holland, Germany and Britain decided to build
jointly
⑥1988，German ICE build the high speed train with 400 km/h
⑦1990，France TGV runs up to 515.3 km/h, the new world recode
⑧1991，Germany ICE starts the service running with speed 250 km/h
⑨1992，Euro tunnel for high speed build with maximum speed 300
km/h
⑩1995，Korea High speed line project setup with speed of 300 km/h
⑩2007，France V150 test train runs at 574.8 km/h, new world recode again

Plans of High Speed railway in China

In 2004 Central government agree a plan “Railway network in long and medium
term”, in which by year 2020, the total service line reaches to 100,000 km; Special
Passenger line more than 120,000 km. In 2008, the plan adjusted, the total service
line reaches to 120,000 km; Special Passenger line more than 160,000 km.
At the moment, Length in service is up to 6552 km. In which 3676 km build for
maximum speed of 250～350 km/h; 2876 km for existing line upgraded with the
speed 200～250 km/h. There is 10,000 km under the construction.
 By year 2012, Length of service 110,000 km, In which new build line 13,000 km.
By year 2020, Length of service 120,000 km, In which new build line 16,000 km. In
total the length of high speed will up to 50,000 km connecting all main cities of provinces
and covering90% population.
 The main characteristics of high speed railway

High capacity

Lower axle weight

EMU: High number of power axles

High percentage of electrical braking

Airproof, low noise

Ten Key technologies for high speed railway

1.AC Traction

2.Composed breaking

3.High performance bogies

4.Light weight structures

5.Aero dynamics shaped design

6.Auto detection and diagnose system

7.New type of Couplers

8.Airproof

9.Tilting technology

10.High performance of pantograph

Bogie with high performances

High Stability

High riding comfort

Safety of running gears

Curving ability
 High speed railway track

Most of railway tracks in China are used concrete sleepers and ballast as Sri Lanka.
But latest high speed railway tracks are built by using only precast concrete blocks.
Train speed on that track is over 300 km/h. Benefits of those tracks are
maintenance free for many years and good stability.
 Subway system(Metro)
Many major cities of China have subway system. Shanghai city has 10 metro lines
and some of them are driverless. Most of urban people travel by using metro trains.
It is very helpful to reduce highway traffic jam. Every metro trains are driven by
electricity. So environment pollution is reduced. Most of metro lines are lay
underground and 20 to 30 numbers of trains are running each line. Time interval
between 2 train is about 5 minutes.
 Signaling Fundamentals
In china, we visited lot of sub cities in shanghai & realized the impotency of
having an intelligent transporter system (ITS). Because at peak hours in the
morning &evening we found lot of traffic jams & people were busy for works.
How ever it was settled with in very short period of time due to an introduction of
ITS As a result of this, we noticed the safety & mobility of transportation improved
& productivity enhanced in shanghai.
In ITS we have identified intelligent infrastructure like arterial Mgt, free way Mgt
transit Mgt & incident Mgt etc.

We think, the most important one is free way Mgt. it is relevant for any country in
the world. They have introduced video cameras loop detections & helicopters for
traffic surveillance system & ramp metering & priority access for traffic control it
is very interesting.

Even though a collision avoidance system & collision notification system were
introduced, we were able to see lot of accident during this two month. The causes
for those incidents were mainly due to the negligence of road rules. We have seen
the vehicles try to more when they were given the red signal for stopping in
junctions those are very dangerous & specially the motorcyclist.

Mentioning about intelligent control in railway network, china railway has

introduced automation, Automatic train signal, Automatic train protection,
Automatic train operating, Automatic train control & cab signaling. Cab signaling
is the most important aspect. Because so many options are available including
track status information, track side signals, allowable speeds, location of near by
trains & dynamic information about the tract ahead.

Due to introduction of high speed trains, traditional signaling systems like fixed
block system are being removed & introduced moving block signals to which
communication based train control (CBTC) system is used. This is mainly due to
the increase of railway traffic density. This system has become more popular in the
world due to rapid decrease in traveling time & increase in safety.

China Train control system 3 (CTCS3) is adopting this type, this clearly shows that
the china railway signaling system has been improved & hence reliability & safety.
We can understand that china railway signaling system is in much higher position
compared with other countries in the world.

The only problem we are having in high speed trains are, if any derailment occurs
there would be a large disaster. Not only for the trains but also the public &
properties near by the place where derailments occurs.

Therefore we think it is better for the safety in future if they are not going to
increase the speed of the train beyond what is available now.
 Shanghai southern Railway
This state was a one of the best visit we had during our stay in china. Out side
station, fond lot of green (grass) wile makes any one feel fresh.

High standard been maintained in cleanly compose to the other stations. Workmen
who are there found helpful & kind.

06 nos of 550 m long flat forms & 11 lines are available in this picturesque station.
This is availably a interchanging station were we could see 4000 m2 passenger
waiting lobby in upper floor .As we were informed about 60,000 passenger are
using this station daily.

Access layers available for metro line passenger cars& busses from this station .the
special feature of this station is the stature of this station witch have been well
organized to meet the passage requirements.

This is the center for railway transportation in the southern path of china. 16 nos of
peoples are working in shift basis out of 400 work force & the management is
belongs to the privet party & not from the Railway. The most important thing I
notice from this station was the roof arrangement. It was like a circular shape roof
arrangement made up from steel reinforced transparent station.

Maglev train
Maglev train runs between Shanghai city and Pudon airport. The length of track is
32km and its maximum speed is 450 km/h. It is transported passengers to airport
and it is the only commercial maglev train of the world. The train is controlled
completely by control room.
 Conclusion
Considering the transportation systems of China railway is the most
suitable transportation mode. Because it has huge population and long
distance. However according to distance and distribution of population
Subway (metro) transportation system is more convenient for Colombo
city. There are no rail crossings in China high speed rail lines. Rail
crossings create unnecessary delays and accidents. So rail crossing
should be reduced as maximum as possible in our country. Conditions of
rail tracks in our country are not suitable for high speed trains.
Track condition and signal system should be up graded to provide better
service.
In Shanghai we were able to see a better subway (metro) systems
which provide a excellent service for passenger in all devetions of
Shanghai city. Due to this reson trafic jam in shanghai city has reduced.
We proposed for our country also it is better to have a subway system
keeping the centre station as Colombo fort and continuing subways in
the directions of Piliyandala, Maharagame, Panadura, Battaramulla,
Ragama & Wattala.