Name: Lucas Holt

Background Research

Directions: answer the following questions in complete sentences using the links on
schoology.

1. What are Newtons 3 laws of motion?

Newton’s first law is that a stationary object will remain stationary unless it receives
outside force, and a moving object will keep moving unless it receives outside force.
The second law states that force can be calculated by multiplying mass by
acceleration. The third law states that “for every action, there is and equal and
opposite reaction.”

2. What is the scientific process?

The scientific process is one of many procedures which people can follow when
conducting an experiment.

3. What are variables? What is a dependent and independent variable?

Variables are elements which are subject to change or are unknown. In an

experiment, the independent variable is intentionally changed while the dependent
variable is measured to procure results.

4. If you were to drop an egg from a high elevation, what do you PREDICT would
happen?

I predict that the egg would break upon reaching the ground.
5. What is gravity? What is the speed of gravity; how fast would an unprotected egg
fall?

Gravity is a pulling force caused by any object with mass; the higher an object’s
mass, the stronger its gravity. Stronger gravitational forces pull in objects with
weaker gravity. According to the Theory of Relativity, the speed of gravity is
approximately equal to the speed of light (300,000 km/s) because gravitons – the
particles which are believed to contain gravity – are massless, like the photons
which comprise light. An unprotected egg could reach a velocity of up to 373 m/s.

6. Will the egg ever reach the speed of gravity(aka free fall)? Why or why not?

The egg will never reach the speed of gravity because the speed of gravity is almost
equal to the speed of light, and the egg is simply incapable of withstanding such
speeds.

7. What is air resistance? And what are the 2 most common factors that have an
effect on air resistance?

Air resistance is drag caused by air molecules impeding the motion of an object. The
two most common factors that determine air resistance are the object’s surface area
and its movement speed.

8. Why do more massive objects fall faster than less massive objects?

Objects with more mass have higher density, so they fall through the air faster.

9. What is momentum? How is it changed?

Momentum is the force and energy increase in moving object. Momentum changes
as a result of changing an object’s mass and momentum.
10. What is an impluse?

Impulse is the change in an object’s momentum caused by force over a certain time
interval.

11. There are 3 collisons in a crash, what are they and explain what happens.

The three collisions during a crash are the vehicle collision, the human collision, and
the internal collision. During the vehicle collision, the vehicles absorb the energy
from the impact as their frames are damaged. The vehicle’s sudden stop causes the
human collision, where people inside the vehicle continue moving until they crash
into something within the vehicle. Then, a person’s organs can continue moving
inside the body until they hit another organ or structure in the body during the
internal collision.

12. Name at least 5 safety features of a car.

Two very common safety features in a car are the seatbelts, which restrain people during
collisions, and airbags, which lessen the impact of a person hitting the vehicle’s dashboard.
There is also the head restrait on top of each seat to prevent a person’s head from snapping
backwards. Finally, traction control and all-wheel drive systems increase vehicles’ stability
and traction.