Title: Class Chondrichthyes

On your desk, write 3 terms/ideas that

you struggle with/forget often.

Can you help your table partners with any

of their terms?
 Agenda
Wednesday, Feb 4

● Warm Up
● Phyla Review
● Chondrichthyes Notes
● Shark Webquest
● Exit Ticket

OCEAN TEST TUESDAY 2/12

Last day to turn in late work/redo’s!
Study Guide on Classroom
One Word Poster

● You will be randomly assigned a term that we’ve learned so

far
● On a piece of paper, define your term using DRAWINGS
ONLY
● Use markers, write large… These will be going on the wall!
● Write your name on the FRONT

As you finish, think about how the terms should be organized

on the wall (ex: alphabetical order). Discuss it with table
partners who have also finished.
Get out your computer
AND notebook!

(if you haven’t already)

Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Superclass Gnathostoma
Class Chondrichthyes
 Phylum
Chordata

Subphylum
Subphylum Subphylum
Cephalo-
Urochordata Vertebrata
chordata

Superclass
Superclass Gnatho-
Agnatha stomata

Class
Class Actinopterygii/ Class Class Class
Class Aves
Chondryichthyes Class Amphibia Reptilia Mammalia
Sarcopterygii
What do you think
separates
Superclass
Agnatha from
Superclass
Gnathostomata?
Form and Function
 Body Structure

• Body fusiform =
dorsoventrally
depressed

• Dorsal fin(s)

• Paired pectoral • Caudal fin

• Paired pelvic fins
 Body Structure

• Skin with placoid scales

– Feel rough to the touch

• Endoskeleton entirely
cartilaginous
– Have vertebrae

• Color pattern =
countershading (camouflage)
How does a shark’s
body shape, scales,
skeletal structure,
and coloring relate
to its role in its
ecosystem?

Talk it through with your table

partner before responding!
Draw lines to match the shark teeth to its prey:
Title: Sharks

Which teeth go with which prey and why?

 Agenda
Wednesday, Feb 4

● Warm Up
● Chondrichthyes Notes
● Guest Speaker
● Shark Scares

OCEAN TEST TUESDAY 2/12

Last day to turn in late work/redo’s!
Study Guide on Classroom
 Digestive System
• Mouth ventrally located

• Jaws!
– Modified from
pharyngeal arch
• J-shaped stomach
• Teeth (calcium carbonate) • Large oil filled liver for
– Teeth constantly fall out buoyancy NOT a swim
and are replaced
bladder
In which animals have we seen calcium
carbonate? Circle answer(s).
Sharks have to keep swimming or they’ll drown.

True False
 Respiratory System

• 5-7 pairs of gills

leading to external
gill openings (no
operculum “gill
cover”)

• Spiracles – gill slits

behind eyes
Circulatory System
• Many aortic arches • Ectothermic
(blood vessels that
service gills)

• 3 chambered heart;
closed circulatory
system
 Excretion

• Have kidney to
regulate salt
concentration in blood
 Do you think sharks are born like

Chickens OR Humans
 Reproduction

• Dioecious; gonads • Internal fertilization

lead to cloaca – Oviparous = lay eggs
(external opening) with yolk
– *Ovoviviparous = eggs
• Direct development* with yolk inside body
• Males have modified – Viviparous = embryos
pelvic fins for sex = inside body get
claspers nourishment from
placenta (like us)

*offspring are smaller version of

adults; no larval stage
How many senses do sharks have? Place a dot
on your answer.

1 5 9
3 7

*Remember: Humans have 5 senses!

 Nervous System
• Hearing: low-frequency
pulses (820 ft)
• Vibrations: Lateral lines
(organ)

• Smell: Acute, brain of two

olfactory lobes (2 nostrils)

• Sight: light sensitive

• Electroreception:
Ampullae of Lorenzini;
electrical fields
Do you think most sharks are
caught intentionally or
unintentionally?
 Shark Ecology

• Can be omnivores or carnivores

• Many are endangered
– Over harvested for fins, meat, liver oil
• In China/Hong Kong fins are cut from live sharks &
sharks are thrown back into the water
– Bycatch of fishing industry
– Loss of habitat via marinas
– Great White Shark, Basking Shark, Whale
Shark, Black Tip Shark, Sand Tiger
 Consider different viewpoints with
hunting and protecting sharks
Draw or type your thoughts on this topic in one head. Draw or type the point of
view of a different person in the other.

Hunting Protecting
 Largest Sharks

• Living: Whale Shark

– Up to 50 ft long
– Filter feeder

• Non-living: Megalodon
– Up to 40+ ft long
– Carnivorous
– Teeth the size of a human hand
 Most Dangerous
• White tipped shark
– Very curious if it thinks it has a
potential meal
– Famous for attacked shipwreck
victims
• Tiger shark
– Average of 16 ft long
– Powerful jaw & aggressive when
disturbed
• Bull shark
– Up to 11 ft long
– Live in tropical/subtropical shallow
waters
– Unpredictable
 Worst Reputation
• Great White Shark
– Average at about 16 ft
long
– Largest carnivorous shark
alive today
– Not aggressive!
– Rarely attack people (you
have a better chance of
getting struck by lightning)
– Usually retreat when
realize person is not food
 Oddball

• Hammerhead shark
– 9 ft in length
– Small mouths suited to
catching fish
– Found in tropical &
subtropical
environments
– Prefer coastlines
 Deadly Stingrays?
• Cousins of sharks
• Flattened bodies with
long tail
• Not aggressive – use
tail as defense when
stepped on

• Steve Irwin killed

because barb pierced
heart… NOT because
of venom
Circle how you are feeling about Class Chondrichthyes:
Drag your dot to how you feel about Pear Deck:

I loved this! (Let’s use it It was ok. (I wouldn’t

I didn’t like it!
more often!) mind if we used it every
once and awhile)
Keep your notebooks
out for anything you
find interesting!
Sea Turtle Recap:

● One sentence summary

● Two cool things you saw/heard/learned