Chapter 2

DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Write an introductory sentence for this chapter.

Research Design and Methodology

State and explain the research method used and why it

was chosen. Be specific about the research method, whether

it is descriptive, experimental or historical. Mention also

the approach/es used in the study. For instance, if the

descriptive method is used, state whether the study adopted

survey, correlational, case study, evaluative, comparative,

content analysis, or normative – survey. The narrative

description should mention what the research method is all

about and how the variables are reflected using such research

method.

Population and Locale of the Study

Give a narrative presentation to include the population

of the study, as well as the sample population, if sampling

is determined. Describe the respondents as to profile vis-à-

vis information contained in the research. Include the

sampling technique used in the choice of the respondents.

Show the formula used indicative of the population and the

sample size.
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In the narrative description of the respondents, specify

the reason/s that they were chosen. Whenever possible, a

tabular presentation of the respondents’ characteristics may

be done after its textual explanation.

Table 1

Profile

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Put headings / items / frequency / percentage on this line
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
_____________________________________________________________
Total
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Data Gathering Tool

Present a narrative description of the data gathering

instrument. The description is focused on the kind of items

in the instrument, how items are answered, and how it was

constructed. Be very clear on the basis/bases of the

items of the instrument, be it a questionnaire, observation

guide, or interview schedule. The validation process has to

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be explained thoroughly, whenever applicable. It is worth

mentioning the instrument’s reliability and validity

coefficients and the type of validity and reliability used.

In case the data gathering instrument was not

constructed, but is a ready-made tool, like a rating

scale or a psychological test, it is still necessary to

mention its reliability and validity levels and the processes

undertaken by the author. Proper citation about the author is

expected.

Append a copy of the instrument in the appendix portion.

Data Gathering Procedure

Give a narrative description on the steps undertaken in

data gathering. The discussion should include the specifics of

the procedures of the entire research process.

Treatment of Data

For quantitative research, all statistical tools have to

be presented including how these were used and their

formulae. Hand-in-hand with the statistical tools are the

corresponding null hypotheses, if these were the bases in the

analysis of the findings.

An introductory sentence of the chapter is made before

the explanation on treatment of data.

 An example of a statistical tool is found below:

ANOVA. This was used to test the null hypothesis which

states that there is no significant correlation xxxxxxx xxxxx

xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx.

There is no need to put the formula of the statistical

tools provided these are the common ones.

All scales of measure of research variables have to be

placed under this part of the manuscript.