THE INTERNET

& THE WORLD WIDE WEB

Terminologies
• Computer Network - group of computer
systems and other computing hardware devices
that are linked together through communication
channels to facilitate communication and
resource-sharing among a wide range of users.
Computers on a network are called nodes.
Types of Computer Network
• Personal Area Network (PAN) - The smallest and most
basic type of network. It is made up of a wireless
modem, a computer or two, phones, printers, tablets,
etc., and revolves around one person in one building.
These types of networks are typically found in small
offices or residences, and are managed by one person
or organization from a single device.
• Local Area Network (LAN) - the most frequently
discussed networks, one of the most common, one
of the most original and one of the simplest types
of networks. LANs connect groups of computers
and low-voltage devices together across short
distances (within a building or between a group of
two or three buildings in close proximity to each
other) to share information and resources.
• Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) -
WLANs make use of wireless network
technology, such as WiFi. Typically seen in the
same types of applications as LANs, these
types of networks don’t require that devices
rely on physical cables to connect to the
network.
• Campus Area Network (CAN) - Larger than
LANs, but smaller than metropolitan area
networks (MANs). These types of networks are
typically seen in universities, large K-12 school
districts or small businesses. They can be
spread across several buildings that are fairly
close to each other so users can share
resources.
• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) - These types
of networks are larger than LANs but smaller than
WANs – and incorporate elements from both
types of networks. MANs span an entire
geographic area (typically a town or city, but
sometimes a campus). Ownership and
maintenance is handled by either a single person
or company.
• Wide Area Network (WAN) - connects computers
together across longer physical distances. This
allows computers and low-voltage devices to be
remotely connected to each other over one large
network to communicate even when they’re miles
apart. The Internet is the most basic example of a
WAN, connecting all computers together around
the world.
• System-Area Network (SAN) - used to explain
a relatively local network that is designed to
provide high-speed connection in server-to-
server applications, storage area networks and
processor-to-processor applications. The
computers connected on a SAN operate as a
single system at very high speeds.
• Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN) -
uses optical splitters to split an optical signal from
one strand of single-mode optical fiber into
multiple signals to serve users and devices.
• Enterprise Private Network (EPN) - these types of
networks are built and owned by businesses that
want to securely connect its various locations to
share computer resources.
Terminologies
• Server - a computer used in a network and
which provides a service to a client. Servers
usually have more processing power,
memory and storage than client computers. A
client computer requests information or a
service from the server.
Terminologies
• Internet - is the global system of
interconnected computer networks that use
the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link
devices worldwide.
• 1960s – creation of ARPANET or
Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network. The purpose of ARPANET is to
allow scientists to communicate and
share information on military and
scientific projects on different locations.
• 1970s - Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf
developed Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) - a
communications model that set standards
for how data could be transmitted
between multiple networks.
• January 1983 - ARPANET adopted
TCP/IP
• 1990 - Tim Berners-Lee invented the
World Wide Web
Terminologies
•Internet Service Provider - the
industry term for the company that is
able to provide you with access to the
Internet.
Internet connection types
• DIAL-UP - Dial-up access is cheap but slow. A
modem connects to the Internet after the computer
dials a phone number.
• DSL – (Digital Subscriber Line) it is an internet
connection that is always “on”. This uses 2 lines so
your phone is not tied up when your computer is
connected.
• CABLE - provides an internet connection through
a cable modem and operates over cable TV
lines. There are different speeds depending on if
you are uploading data transmissions or
downloading. Since the coax cable provides a
much greater bandwidth over dial-up or DSL
telephone lines, you can get faster access. Cable
speeds range from 512K to 20 Mbps.
• WIRELESS or WI-FI - does not use
telephone lines or cables to connect to the
internet. Instead, it uses radio
frequency. Wireless is also an always on
connection and it can be accessed from just
about anywhere. Speeds vary, and the range
is between 5 Mbps to 20 Mbps.
• SATELLITE - access the internet via a
satellite in Earth’s orbit. The enormous
distance that a signal travels from earth to
satellite and back again, provides a delayed
connection compared to cable and
DSL. Satellite connection speeds are around
512K to 2.0 Mbps.
• CELLULAR - provides wireless Internet access through
cell phones. The speeds vary depending on the
provider, but the most common are 3G and 4G
speeds. A 3G is a term that describes a 3rd generation
cellular network obtaining mobile speeds of around 2.0
Mbps. 4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless
standards. The goal of 4G is to achieve peak mobile
speeds of 100 Mbps but the reality is about 21 Mbps
currently.
World Wide Web
• Many would interchangeably use the words
Internet and World Wide Web. Though World Wide
Web is one of the services of the Internet, the
World Wide Web (WWW) or simply the “web” is a
collection of webpages found in this network of
computers. It is a system of hyperlinked or
hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
Terminologies
• Webpage - a document which can be displayed in a
web browser. A webpage is often called just "pages.“
• Website - a collection of web pages which are
grouped together and usually connected together in
various ways. Often called a "web site" or simply a
"site."
Terminologies
• Search engine - a web service that helps you
find other web pages. Examples are: Google,
Bing, Yahoo, or DuckDuckGo.
• Web browser - simply "browser," is an
application used to access and view
websites.
Web browsers
Terminologies
• Web Developer – a person responsible for
developing webpages and maintaining them
• HTML – Hypertext Markup Language, the
programmatic language that web pages are
based on.
Uniform Resource Locator
https://www.kok.edu.ph/preschool/nursery.docx

Domain Folder Filename

Name
Protocol Sub-
Domain
Protocol
• Most webpages URLs begin with http:// which
means Hypertext Transfer Protocol. This is a
protocol that is used to transfer pages on the web.
Some websites have https which means hypertext
transfer protocol. This means that the web page
has a special layer of encryption added to hide your
personal information and passwords.
Domain Name
• It is a unique reference that identifies a
website
The different top domain names:
Domain Names Descriptions
.com Commercial organizations, business and
companies
.gov Government institutions
.edu Educational institutions
.org Non-profit organizations
.net Network providers
.mil Military organizations
Subdomain
• It is a subdivision of the domain name,
which is usually a country code
abbreviation
 Some examples of subdomain names

Abbreviations Country Abbreviations Country

au Australia it Italy
cn China jp Japan
fr France kr Korea
va Vatican City ph Philippines
Categories of Websites

Category Descriptions
Portal Offers a broad array of resources and
services, such as e-mail, forums,
search engines, and on-line shopping
malls
Category Descriptions
News Offers stories and articles relating to
current events, life, money, sports,
and the weather
 Category Descriptions
Information Offers factual information. It
is created by organizations
and government agencies
Category Descriptions
Business/ Promotes products and services.
Marketing It allows you to purchase
products or services online
 Category Descriptions
Educational Offers avenues for formal and
informal teaching and learning
 Category Descriptions
Offers an interactive and
Entertainment engaging environment
featuring music, videos,
sports, games and more
Category Descriptions
Advocacy Contains content that describes
a cause, opinion or idea
Category Descriptions
Short for “web log”, uses a
Blog regularly updated journal format
to reflect the interests, opinions
and personalities of the author
Category Descriptions
A collaborative website that
Wiki allows users to create, add to,
modify or delete the website
content via their web browsers
Category Descriptions
Online A media sharing website where
Social members share their interests,
Network ideas, stories, photos, music
and videos