Study of the Effect of Sample Preparation and Cooking on the

Selenium Speciation of Selenized Potatoes by HPLC with ICP-MS

and Electrospray Ionization MS/MS
The efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis and leaching with water using accelerated solvent extraction
(ASE) or boiling was investigated for quantitative Se speciation in selenized potatoes using reversed
phase HPLC coupled to ICP-MS. Preliminary identification of selenomethionine (SeMet), Se-
methylselenocysteine (SeMeCys), and selenate in extracts of potato skin and flesh was achieved using
complementary reversed phase and anion-exchange HPLC-ICP-MS and retention time matching with
standards. The quantitative speciation data revealed a higher percentage of selenomethionine (73% of
the total Se) found in the flesh in comparison with skin (containing 21% of the total Se as SeMet). ASE
and boiling in water were found to be similar in terms of Se extraction efficiency and profiles. However,
ASE was found to be more efficient than boiling with respect to sample cleanup and reduced sample
handling. The presence of SeMet at parts per billion levels in selenized potatoes was confirmed by
reversed phase HPLC with online ESI MS/MS

Nanofertilizers: New Products for the Industry

Mineral fertilizers are key to food production, despite plant low nutrient uptake efficiencies and high
losses. However, nanotechnology can both enhance crop productivity and reduce nutrient losses.
This has raised interest in nanoscale and nanoenabled bulk fertilizers, hence the concept of
nanofertilizers. Nevertheless, large-scale industrial production of nanofertilizers is yet to be realized.
Here, we highlight the science-based evidence and outstanding concerns for motivating fertilizer
industry production of nanofertilizers, including the notion of toxicity associated with nanoscale
materials; scant nanofertilizer research with key crop nutrients; inadequacy of soil- or field-based
studies with nanofertilizers; type of nanomaterials to produce as fertilizers; how to efficiently and
effectively apply nanofertilizers at the field scale; and the economics of nanofertilizers. It is
anticipated that the development and validation of nanofertilizers that are nondisruptive to existing
bulk fertilizer production systems will motivate the industry’s involvement in nanofertilizers.

1. Food Preservation Techniques: Leveraging Natural Abundance

Recipes for preserved foods are a common feature of 18th through early 20th century cookbooks and
household manuals. Comparing recipes across the decades, and attending to what writers said, gives us a
snapshot of food preservation techniques as well as preferences and attitudes towards canned, pickled, and
other preserved foodstuffs, their use, and their place in the American diet and in the economy of the household.

What are the most common recipes for canned, pickled, or other preserved foods and what does that say about
what foodstuffs were available? What was common in the early as vs. the late 19th century? What changes
came with the spread of the railroads, with their ability to ship food long distances from producer to consumer?
What changes came with the introduction of the pressure cooker in the early 20th century? What values do
authors draw on when talking about preserving food, e.g. thrift, taste, health, variety in the diet, self-sufficiency?
Automotive Technology and Human Factors Research: Past,
Present, and Future
This paper reviews the history of automotive technology development and human factors
research, largely by decade, since the inception of the automobile. The human factors
aspects were classified into primary driving task aspects (controls, displays, and
visibility), driver workspace (seating and packaging, vibration, comfort, and climate),
driver’s condition (fatigue and impairment), crash injury, advanced driver-assistance
systems, external communication access, and driving behavior. For each era, the paper
describes the SAE and ISO standards developed, the major organizations and conferences
established, the major news stories affecting vehicle safety, and the general social
context. The paper ends with a discussion of what can be learned from this historical
review and the major issues to be addressed. A major contribution of this paper is more
than 180 references that represent the foundation of automotive human factors, which
should be considered core knowledge and should be familiar to those in the profession.

Automotive Technology Student Learning Styles and Their Implications for Faculty Mark D. Threeton
Richard A. Walter The Pennsylvania State University Abstract

In an effort to provide Career and Technical Education (CTE) professionals with additional insight on
how to better meet the educational needs of the learner, this study sought to identify the preference for
learning of postsecondary automotive technology students. While it might appear logical to naturally
classify auto-tech students as primarily hands-onlearners, the results suggested that the sample was a
diverse group of learners with specific educational preferences within the automotive technology
program. With a lack of learning style research within the trade and industry sector of CTE, findings may
be useful to trade and industry teachers and or teacher educators interested in diversifying curriculum
and instruction via strategies to enhance the educational experience for the student learner.

In an effort to provide career and technical education (CTE) professionals with additional insight on how
to better meet the individual educational needs of postsecondary automotive technology students, this
study sought to examine their preferences for learning. While it might appear logical to classify auto-
tech students as primarily hands-on-learners, the results for research question one suggested that the
sample was a diverse group of learners with specific educational preferences. More specifically, the
Learning Style Inventory (LSI) revealed that all learning styles were represented within the sample with
the Accommodating style most highly represented (39.8%), and the Assimilating classification the least
(16.5%), thus indirectly resembling the diversity of learning style classifications by educational
specialization within the LSI technical manual. 28 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEACHER EDUCATION Given
that the sample of participants statistically represents the population with 95% confidence at the p
 Historians and Electronic Resources: Patterns and Use

University libraries and other research facilities increasingly feel a push from
students to provide information resources beyond their physical space. As a
result, librarians and archivists have invested in online databases, subscriptions,
and in-house digitization projects in efforts to satisfy the vocal proponents of
convenient access to scholarly information.

This ongoing study, however, focuses on the responses to these initiatives by a

community that uses primary materials in serious scholarly investigations and
that–unlike their students–did not ask for digitized surrogates: professional
historians. The importance of this investigation is underscored because the
community of academic historians has been a major target audience of
librarianship's traditional efforts to build and maintain research collections. The
study will gauge whether online documents meet historians needs or if the
demands of other groups have given archivists and librarians misperceptions of
the universal desirability of these digitization programs.

The working hypothesis was that historians use secondary electronic resources
(for example online indexes, databases, finding aids, and bibliographies) to
find their real evidence, but ignore online primary sources in favor of handling
the originals, wherever they are. When this research began in 1999, little had
been written on use of online tools in research in specific academic
communities, and only a few concentrated on American scholars in Humanities
disciplines.