Review Exercises 323

3–4. Designer functions Sketch the graph of a function continuous on 21. Optimization A right triangle has legs of length h and r, and a
the given interval that satisfies the following conditions. hypotenuse of length 4 (see figure). It is revolved about the leg of
length h to sweep out a right circular cone. What values of h and r
3. f is continuous on the interval 3- 4, 44; f ⬘1x2 = 0 for x = - 2, 0,
maximize the volume of the cone? 1Volume of a cone = pr 2h>3.2
and 3; f has an absolute minimum at x = 3; f has a local mini-
mum at x = -2; f has a local maximum at x = 0; f has an abso-
lute maximum at x = - 4.
4. f is continuous on 1- ⬁ , ⬁ 2; f ⬘1x2 6 0 and f ⬙1x2 6 0 on
1- ⬁ , 02; f ⬘1x2 7 0 and f ⬙1x2 7 0 on 10, ⬁ 2.
h 4
5. Functions from derivatives Given the graphs of f ⬘ and f ⬙,
sketch a possible graph of f.
r
y

y ⫽ f ⬙(x) T 22. Rectangles beneath a curve A rectangle is constructed with

2 one side on the positive x-axis, one side on the positive y-axis,
and the vertex opposite the origin on the curve y = cos x, for
x 0 6 x 6 p>2. Approximate the dimensions of the rectangle that
1 2
maximize the area of the rectangle. What is the area?
⫺2 y ⫽ f ⬘(x)
23. Maximum printable area A rectangular page in a textbook
(with width x and length y) has an area of 98 in2, top and bottom
margins set at 1 in, and left and right margins set at 12 in. The print-
T 6–10. Critical points Find the critical points of the following functions able area of the page is the rectangle that lies within the margins.
on the given intervals. Identify the absolute maximum and minimum What are the dimensions of the page that maximize the printable
values (if they exist). Graph the function to confirm your conclusions. area?

6. f 1x2 = sin 2x + 3; 3- p, p4 24. Nearest point What point on the graph of f 1x2 = 52 - x 2 is
closest to the origin? (Hint: You can minimize the square of the
7. f 1x2 = 2x 3 - 3x 2 - 36x + 12; 1- ⬁ , ⬁ 2 distance.)
8. f 1x2 = 4x 1>2 - x 5>2; 30, 44 25. Maximum area A line segment of length 10 joins the points
9. f 1x2 = 2x ln x + 10; 10, 42 10 , p2 and 1q , 02 to form a triangle in the first quadrant. Find the
values of p and q that maximize the area of the triangle.
10. g1x2 = x 1>319 - x 22; 3- 4, 44
26. Minimum painting surface A metal cistern in the shape of
T 11. Absolute values Consider the function f 1x2 = 兩x - 2兩 + 兩x + 3兩 a right circular cylinder with volume V = 50 m3 needs to be
on 3- 4, 44. Graph f, identify the critical points, and give the painted each year to reduce corrosion. The paint is applied only
coordinates of the local and absolute extreme values. to surfaces exposed to the elements (the outside cylinder wall and
12. Inflection points Does f 1x2 = 2x 5 - 10x 4 + 20x 3 + x + 1 the circular top). Find the dimensions r and h of the cylinder that
have any inflection points? If so, identify them. minimize the area of the painted surfaces.

T 13–20. Curve sketching Use the guidelines given in Section 4.3 to 27–28. Linear approximation
make a complete graph of the following functions on their domains or a. Find the linear approximation to f at the given point a.
on the given interval. Use a graphing utility to check your work. b. Use your answer from part (a) to estimate the given function value.

13. f 1x2 = x 4 >2 - 3x 2 + 4x + 1 27. f 1x2 = x 2>3; a = 27; f 1292

3x 28. f 1x2 = sin - 1 x; a = 1>2; f 10.482

14. f 1x2 =
x + 3
2
29–30. Estimations with linear approximation Use linear approxi-
15. f 1x2 = 4 cos 1p1x - 122 on 30, 24 mation to estimate the following quantities. Choose a value of a to
produce a small error.
x2 + x
16. f 1x2 = 29. 1>4.22
4 - x2
3 30. tan - 1 1.05
17. f 1x2 = 2 x - 1x + 2
31. Change in elevation The elevation h (in feet above the ground) of
cos px
18. f 1x2 = on 3- 2, 24 a stone dropped from a height of 1000 ft is modeled by the equa-
1 + x2 tion h1t2 = 1000 - 16t 2, where t is measured in seconds and air
19. f 1x2 = x 2>3 + 1x + 221>3 resistance is neglected. Approximate the change in elevation over
the interval 5 … t … 5.7 (recall that ⌬h ⬇ h⬘1a2⌬t).
20. f 1x2 = x1x - 12 e -x