INTRODUCTION:

AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer-aided design

(CAD) and drafting — available since 1982 as a desktop application and since 2010 as
a mobile weband cloud-based app marketed as AutoCAD 360. Developed and
marketed by Autodesk, Inc., AutoCAD was first released in December 1982, running
on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers. Prior to the introduction of
AutoCAD, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or
minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal.
AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industries, by architects, project managers,
engineers, graphic designers, and other professionals. It is supported by 750 training
centres worldwide as of 1994. As Autodesk's flagship product, by March 1986
AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide. As of 2016,
AutoCAD is in its twenty-ninth generation, and collectively with all its variants,
continues to be the most widely used CAD program throughout most of the world.

Fig.i

1
HISTORY:

AutoCAD was derived from a program begun in 1977 and released in 1979 called
Interact CAD, also referred to in early Autodesk documents as Micro CAD, which was
written prior to Autodesk's (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk
cofounder Mike Riddle. The first version by the Autodesk Company was demonstrated
at the 1982 Comdex and released that December. The 2016 release marked the 30th
major release for the AutoCAD for Windows. The 2014 release marked the fourth
consecutive year for AutoCAD for Mac.

Fig.ii

2
 COMMANDS

1.)LINE

Using this command you can create a straight line at different angle. All lines are
disconnected to each other which can be erase separately.

Fig.1

2.)POLYLINE

Using this command you can create a 2D polyline which are connected sequence of
line segments, arc segments or a combination of the two.

Fig.2

3
3.)RECTANGLE

Using this command you can create a rectangular polyline from the specified the
rectangle parameters (length, width, rotation).

Fig.3

4.)ELLIPSE

Using this command you can create an ellipse using a center point, the endpoint of the
first axis, and the length of the second axis. You can specify the distance by clicking
location at the desired distance or by entering a value for the length.

Fig.4

4
5.)SPLINE

To draw free hand line to show wiring, piping etc.

Fig.5

6.)COPY

Using this command you can create multiple object same as original object from a
single object.

Fig.6

5
7.)MOVE

Using this command you can moves objects from one place to another at a specified
distance.

Fig.7

8.)MIRROR

Using this command you can create objects that represent half of a drawing. Select
them, and mirror them across a specified line to create the other half which is opposite
to selected object.

Fig.8

6
9.) 0FFSET

Using this command you can offset an object at a specified distance or through a point.
After you offset objects, you can trim and extends them as your requirement. Through
this you can create concentric circles, parallel line and parallel curves.

Fig.9

10.)TRIM

Using this command you can remove extra elements of an object to meet the edges of
other objects.

Fig.10

7
11.)EXTEND

Using this command you can extend an object to meet the edges of other objects.

Fig.11

12.)HATCH

Using this command you can fills an enclosed area or selected objects with a hatch
pattern.

Fig.12

8
13.)CHAMFER

Using this command you can bevels the edges of object.

Fig.13

14.)Arc

You can create different types of arc through this command-

Fig.14

9
  3- POINT ARC

Using this command you can draw an arc by touching three selected points

 START, END, ANGLE

Through this command you can draw an arc by specifying starting, ending point and
also angle between them.

 START, END, LENGTH

You can draw a circle using start and end points and the length of the arc.

 START, END, RADIUS

You can draw an arc by specifying its start and end points and also its radius.

 START, END, DIRECTION

You can draw an arc using its start and end point and the direction in which you want
by moving the cursor.

 START, CENTER, ANGL

You can draw an arc by specifying its start and center point and its angle

10
15.)FILLET

Using this command you can rounds the edges of object.

Fig.15

16.)CIRCLE

Using this command you can create different type of circles.

Fig.16

11
  CIRCLE, RADIUS

You can draw a circle by specifying its radius

 CIRCLE, DIAMETER

You can draw a circle through its diameter.

 2-POINT CIRCLE

Using this command you can draw a circle by touching two selected points.

 3-POINT CIRCLE

Using this command you can draw a circle by touching 3 selected points.

 TAN, TAN, RADIUS

Through this command you can draw a circle by selecting two tangent objects and also
you can specify radius of circle.

 TAN, TAN, TAN

Through this you can draw a circle by selecting three tangent objects.

17.)ARC

You can create different types of arc through this command-

Fig.17

12
  3- POINT ARC

Using this command you can draw an arc by touching three selected points

 START, END, ANGLE

Through this command you can draw an arc by specifying starting, ending point and
also angle between them.

 START, END, LENGTH

You can draw a circle using start and end points and the length of the arc.

 START, END, RADIUS

You can draw an arc by specifying its start and end points and also its radius.

 START, END, DIRECTION

You can draw an arc using its start and end point and the direction in which you want
by moving the cursor.

 START, CENTER, ANGLE

You can draw an arc by specifying its start and center point and its angle.

18.)ARRAY

Using this command you can create multiple object from a single object through
different method in different pattern-

13
  RECTANGULAR ARRAY

Using this command you can create multiple object from a single object in rectangular
pattern.

Fig.18

 POLAR ARRAY

Using this command you can create multiple object from the single object in polar
form.

Fig.19

14
  PATH ARRAY

Using this command you can create multiple object on any polyline either open or
closed.

Fig.20

19.)ROTATE

Using this command you can rotate selected objects around a base point to an absolute
angle.

Fig.21

15
20.)GRADIENT

Using this command you can fills a closed boundary with colors

Fig.22

21.)TABLE

Using this command you can create table by specified number of columns and rows,
row width and column height.

Fig.23

16
22.)OBJECT SNAP

Using this command you can snap endpoint, midpoint, intersection poine, tangent etc of
a line.

You have to check out that all the parameters to be turned on.

Fig.24

23.)HELIX

Using this command you can create spring like structure by specifying base and top
radius.

- Specify center point of helix

- Then, specify base and top radius of helix
- Then, specify height
- Enter.

Fig.25

17
24.)BREAK AT POINT

Using this command you can break a line from any point.

25.)JOIN –

Using this command you can join two or more line and make a polyline.

-Select command

-Select object to join

-Enter

Fig.26

26.)LINEWEIGHT

LINEWEIGHT – Using this command you can change the width of a line by choose
any one of width from lineweight bar

By default the lineweight is not shown , so go to lineweight setting and turned on

displaylineweight

18
 3-D COMMANDS

1.)VIEWPORT

Using this command you can see an object in different view as- top, bottom, left, right,
front, back, SE isometric, SW isometric, NE isometric, NW isometric view.

Fig.27

2.).EXTRUDE

Using this command you can specify height to any 2D polyline drawing. And after this
you can convert any 2D drawing into solid object.

Fig.28

19
3.)PRESS PULL

Using this command you can specify height to any closed boundary either of line or
polyline. Also, you can increase or decrease height by selecting the face of 3D solid.

Fig.29

4.)UNION

Using this command you can combine two or object and become single body.

Fig.30

20
5.)SUBSTRACT

Using this command you can subtract one body from another body either in 2D or 3D

Fig.31

6.)INTERSECT

Using this command you can create common part of two object

Fig.32

21
7.)SWEEP

Using this command you can create tube like structure, create thread, 3D strings etc.

Fig.33

8.)3D MOVE – Using this command you can move a 3D object by dragging its axes or
by specifying points.

Fig.34

22
9.)3D ROTATE - using this command you rotate a 3D object along with its axis.

Fig.36

10.)3D CHAMFER – Using this command you can chamfer a 3D object by specifying
its distance.

Fig.37

23
11.)3D FILLET – Using this command you can fillet the edge 3D object.

Fig.38

12.)EXTRUDE FACE

Using this command you can extrude face of a solid body by specifying height and
taper angle.

Using this command you can create tomb like structure.

- Fig.39

24
13.)ROTATE FACE

Using this command you can rotate a face at a specified angle about specified axis

Fig.40

14.)MOVE FACE

Using this command you can move a face of hollow object but in solid body the face
will increase according to specify distance.

- Select command
- Select face to move
- +Specify base point to move
- Then, specify distance
- Enter

25
 1. TAPER FACE – Using this command you can rotate face alongwith is specified
axis at specified angle.
- Select command
- Select a face that has to rotate
- Specify axis
- Specify angle

Fig.41

2. OFFSET FACE

Using this command you can increase height of selected face

- Select command
- Select face to offset
- Enter
- Specify height
- Enter

26
 3. COLOR FACE

Using this command you can specify different color to different selected face.

- Select command
- Select face of a solid body to color
- Enter
- Choose color
- Enter

4. SHELL

Using this command you can convert a solid body into hollow body of specified
thickness.

Fig.42

27
 5. UCS(user coordinate vsystem)

Using this you can create any 2D and then 3D on that face where you want. There are
different types of UCS which are used according to your requirement.

 FACE UCS

This command is used to create body on selected face

- Select command
- Select face on which you have to create body
- Enter

Fig.43

28
  3-POINT UCS

Using this command you can set coordinates as your convenience

- Select command
- Select face on which you have to create body
- Specify the direction of x, y and z axis respectively
 X- COORDINATE, Y-COORDINATE, Z-COORDINATE

Using these commands you can change the direction of other coordinates keeping x, y
and z- coordinate constant respectively.

 WORLD UCS

Using this command you can set UCS as normal earlier.

6. HYPERLINK – Using this command youb can link other autocad file with this
file.

Fig.44

29
7. OLE OBJECT – Using this command you can insert any file o other format as
word, excel etc which supports dwg. File

Fig.45

30
31
32