MÉTODOS DE SOLUCION DE ECUACIONES NO LINEALES

ALUMNO: EAP de Ing. Química Industrial

1. Determine una de las raíces de 𝐟(𝐱) = 𝟐 ∗ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐞𝒙 – 𝟓 , con Ɛ = 1 ∗ 10−4 𝑦 Ɛ1 =1*10−3,

con todos los métodos estudiados para ecuaciones no lineales:

Graficando

inicio -2
variacion 0.5
x f(x)
-2 5.135335283 f(x)
-1.5 1.72313016 250
-1 -0.63212056
-0.5 -1.89346934 200
0 -2
0.5 -0.85127873 150

1 1.718281828
100
1.5 5.98168907
2 12.3890561
50
2.5 21.68249396
3 35.08553692 0
3.5 54.61545196 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
4 83.59815003 -50
4.5 127.5171313
5 195.4131591

 Método del punto fijo

Despejamos x de la función original para obtener los g(x):

f(x)=2x^2+e^x-5
g(x)= ((5-e^x)/2)^0.5
g(x)=(5-e^x)/2x
g(x)= ln(5-2x^2)
g(x)= ((5-e^x)/2)^0.5 (CONVERGE)

0.0001 0.001
i xi d=|xi+1-xi| |f(xi+1)| |g´ (xi+1)|
0 1
1 1.068110053 0.06811005 0.19159296 0.38636907
2 1.022283035 0.04582702 0.13034149 0.36571625
3 1.053676113 0.03139308 0.0886422 0.37971732
4 1.032430264 0.02124585 0.06029406 0.37017352
5 1.046928497 0.01449823 0.04100586 0.37665476
6 1.037090329 0.00983817 0.02789041 0.37224215
7 1.043791912 0.00670158 0.01896864 0.3752412
8 1.039238778 0.00455313 0.01290135 0.37320049
9 1.042337716 0.00309894 0.00877448 0.37458799
10 1.040231067 0.00210665 0.00596783 0.3736441
11 1.041664335 0.00143327 0.00405887 0.37428597
12 1.040689747 0.00097459 0.00276057 0.37384937
13 1.041352694 0.00066295 0.00187754 0.37414629
14 1.040901852 0.00045084 0.00127697 0.37394434
15 1.041208505 0.00030665 0.0008685 0.37408169
16 1.040999951 0.00020855 0.00059069 0.37398827
17 1.041141799 0.00014185 0.00040175 0.37405181
18 1.041045326 9.6473E-05 0.00027324 0.37400859
19 1.041110941 6.5615E-05 0.00018584 0.37403798
20 1.041066315 4.4626E-05 0.00012639 0.37401799
21 1.041096667 3.0352E-05 8.5964E-05 0.37403159
22 1.041076024 2.0643E-05 5.8467E-05 0.37402234
23 1.041090064 1.404E-05 3.9765E-05 0.37402863
24 1.041080515 9.5489E-06 2.7045E-05 0.37402435
25 1.041087009 6.4945E-06 1.8394E-05 0.37402726
26 1.041082592 4.4171E-06 1.2511E-05 0.37402529
27 1.041085597 3.0042E-06 8.5088E-06 0.37402663
28 1.041083553 2.0432E-06 5.7871E-06 0.37402572

g(x)=(5-e^x)/2x (DIVERGE)

0.0001 0.001
i xi d=|xi+1-xi| |f(xi+1)| |g´ (xi+1)|
0 1
1 1.140859086 0.14085909 0.73257459 2.09011285
2 0.819796389 0.3210627 1.38583017 3.41553524
3 1.665024663 0.84522827 5.83041787 1.53575873
4 -0.08582564 1.7508503 4.06751368 271.752445
5 -23.7822043 23.6963787 1126.18648 0.00442014
 6 -0.10512062 23.6770837 4.07768338 181.222989
7 -19.5003805 19.3952598 755.529676 0.00657437
8 -0.12820263 19.3721778 4.08745306 121.914374
9 -16.0695806 15.941378 511.46284 0.00968124
10 -0.15557344 15.9140071 4.09566959 82.8595809
11 -13.3187122 13.1631388 349.776193 0.01409333
12 -0.18770577 13.1310065 4.10067454 56.9850396

g(x)= ln(5-2x^2) (DIVERGE)

0.0001 0.001
i xi d=|xi+1-xi| |f(xi+1)| |g´ (xi+1)|
0 -1.5
1 -0.69314718 0.80685282 3.53909397 0.68643828
2 1.3960204 2.08916758 2.9368399 5.06605669
3 0.09735724 1.29866316 3.87878906 0.07818221
4 1.60563933 1.5082821 5.13719848 41.1292833
5 #¡NUM! #¡NUM! #¡NUM! #¡NUM!
6 #¡NUM! #¡NUM! #¡NUM! #¡NUM!
7 #¡NUM! #¡NUM! #¡NUM! #¡NUM!

 Método de Newton Raphson

0.0001 0.001
i xi d=|xi+1-xi| |f(xi+1)|
0 2
1 1.32490622 0.67509378 2.27258551
2 1.07410931 0.25079691 0.23480595
3 1.04160491 0.0325044 0.00364289
4 1.04108451 0.0005204 9.2528E-07
5 1.04108438 1.3225E-07 5.862E-14
6 1.04108438 8.4377E-15 0
7 1.04108438 0 0
8 1.04108438 0 0
9 1.04108438 0 0
10 1.04108438 0 0
  Método de la secante

0.0001 0.001
i xi d=|xi+1-xi| |f(xi+1)|
0 1
1 1.5
2 1.03303909 0.46696091 0.05606902
3 1.03952339 0.0064843 0.01091335
4 1.04109053 0.00156714 4.3047E-05
5 1.04108438 6.1572E-06 3.2827E-08
6 1.04108438 4.6918E-09 9.77E-14
7 1.04108438 1.3989E-14 0
8 1.04108438 0 0
9 #¡DIV/0! #¡DIV/0! #¡DIV/0!
10 #¡DIV/0! #¡DIV/0! #¡DIV/0!

 Método de la falsa posición

0.0001

i xd xi xm f(xd) f(xi) f(xm) d=|xm(i+1)-xm(i)|

- -
0 1.5 1 1.03303909 3.98168907 0.28171817 0.056069
- -
1 1.5 1.03303909 1.03952339 3.98168907 0.05606902 0.010913 0.006484301
- -
2 1.5 1.03952339 1.04078205 3.98168907 0.01091335 0.002115 0.001258663
-
3 1.5 1.04078205 1.04102585 3.98168907 0.00211497 -0.00041 0.000243795
-
4 1.5 1.04102585 1.04107305 3.98168907 0.00040953 -7.93E-05 4.72018E-05

5 1.5 1.04107305 1.04108219 3.98168907 -7.9285E-05 -1.53E-05 9.13813E-06

  Método de la bisección

0.0001
d=|xm(i+1)-
i xd xi xm f(xd) f(xi) f(xm) xm(i)|
-
0 1.5 1 1.25 3.98168907 0.281718172 1.615342957
-
1 1.25 1 1.125 1.61534296 0.281718172 0.611466849 0.125
-
2 1.125 1 1.0625 0.61146685 0.281718172 0.151408444 0.0625
-
3 1.0625 1 1.03125 0.15140844 0.281718172 -0.06847752 0.03125
-
4 1.0625 1.03125 1.046875 0.15140844 0.068477519 0.040629428 0.015625
-
5 1.046875 1.03125 1.0390625 0.04062943 0.068477519 -0.01413238 0.0078125
-
6 1.046875 1.0390625 1.04296875 0.04062943 0.014132376 0.013196359 0.00390625
-
7 1.04296875 1.0390625 1.04101563 0.01319636 0.014132376 -0.00048104 0.001953125
-
8 1.04296875 1.04101563 1.04199219 0.01319636 0.000481039 0.006354401 0.000976563
-
9 1.04199219 1.04101563 1.04150391 0.0063544 0.000481039 0.002935866 0.000488281
-
10 1.04150391 1.04101563 1.04125977 0.00293587 0.000481039 0.00122721 0.000244141
-
11 1.04125977 1.04101563 1.0411377 0.00122721 0.000481039 0.000373034 0.00012207
-
12 1.0411377 1.04101563 1.04107666 0.00037303 0.000481039 -5.4015E-05 6.10352E-05

CONCLUSION:

Como vemos el resultado varia mínimamente entre cada uno de los métodos
aplicados, pero estos se aproximan entre sí, para saber que es una respuesta
correcta el resultado no debe variar mucho.